1
|
Alaluf E, Shalamov MM, Sonnenblick A. Update on current and new potential immunotherapies in breast cancer, from bench to bedside. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1287824. [PMID: 38433837 PMCID: PMC10905744 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1287824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Impressive advances have been seen in cancer immunotherapy during the last years. Although breast cancer (BC) has been long considered as non-immunogenic, immunotherapy for the treatment of BC is now emerging as a new promising therapeutic approach with considerable potential. This is supported by a plethora of completed and ongoing preclinical and clinical studies in various types of immunotherapies. However, a significant gap between clinical oncology and basic cancer research impairs the understanding of cancer immunology and immunotherapy, hampering cancer therapy research and development. To exploit the accumulating available data in an optimal way, both fundamental mechanisms at play in BC immunotherapy and its clinical pitfalls must be integrated. Then, clinical trials must be critically designed with appropriate combinations of conventional and immunotherapeutic strategies. While there is room for major improvement, this updated review details the immunotherapeutic tools available to date, from bench to bedside, in the hope that this will lead to rethinking and optimizing standards of care for BC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Alaluf
- Medical Oncology Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Amir Sonnenblick
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Oncology Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Giusti F, Martos C, Trama A, Bettio M, Sanvisens A, Audisio R, Arndt V, Francisci S, Dochez C, Ribes J, Fernández LP, Gavin A, Gatta G, Marcos-Gragera R, Lievens Y, Allemani C, De Angelis R, Visser O, Van Eycken L. Cancer treatment data available in European cancer registries: Where are we and where are we going? Front Oncol 2023; 13:1109978. [PMID: 36845700 PMCID: PMC9944949 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1109978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Population-based cancer registries are responsible for collecting incidence and survival data on all reportable neoplasms within a defined geographical area. During the last decades, the role of cancer registries has evolved beyond monitoring epidemiological indicators, as they are expanding their activities to studies on cancer aetiology, prevention, and quality of care. This expansion relies also on the collection of additional clinical data, such as stage at diagnosis and cancer treatment. While the collection of data on stage, according to international reference classification, is consolidated almost everywhere, data collection on treatment is still very heterogeneous in Europe. This article combines data from a literature review and conference proceedings together with data from 125 European cancer registries contributing to the 2015 ENCR-JRC data call to provide an overview of the status of using and reporting treatment data in population-based cancer registries. The literature review shows that there is an increase in published data on cancer treatment by population-based cancer registries over the years. In addition, the review indicates that treatment data are most often collected for breast cancer, the most frequent cancer in women in Europe, followed by colorectal, prostate and lung cancers, which are also more common. Treatment data are increasingly being reported by cancer registries, though further improvements are required to ensure their complete and harmonised collection. Sufficient financial and human resources are needed to collect and analyse treatment data. Clear registration guidelines are to be made available to increase the availability of real-world treatment data in a harmonised way across Europe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Giusti
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy,Belgian Cancer Registry, Brussels, Belgium,*Correspondence: Francesco Giusti, ;
| | - Carmen Martos
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy,Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Annalisa Trama
- Evaluative Epidemiology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Manola Bettio
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Arantza Sanvisens
- Epidemiology Unit and Girona Cancer Registry, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Oncology Coordination Plan, Department of Health, Autonomous Government of Catalonia; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Riccardo Audisio
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Volker Arndt
- Epidemiological Cancer Registry Baden-Württemberg (M110) & Unit of Cancer Survivorship (C071), Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research (C070), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Silvia Francisci
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Josepa Ribes
- Catalan Cancer Plan, Department of Health of Catalonia, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Pareja Fernández
- Catalan Cancer Plan, Department of Health of Catalonia, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Gavin
- Northern Ireland Cancer Registry, Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Ireland
| | - Gemma Gatta
- Evaluative Epidemiology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Rafael Marcos-Gragera
- Epidemiology Unit and Girona Cancer Registry, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Oncology Coordination Plan, Department of Health, Autonomous Government of Catalonia; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Yolande Lievens
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ghent University Hospital and Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claudia Allemani
- Cancer Survival Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roberta De Angelis
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Otto Visser
- Department of Registration, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu X, Xu Y, Liang Q, Yang X, Huang J, Wang J, Zhang H, Shi J. Recent Advances in Dual PI3K/mTOR Inhibitors for Tumour Treatment. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:875372. [PMID: 35614940 PMCID: PMC9124774 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.875372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway is a viable target for cancer treatment and can be used to treat various malignant tumours, including follicular lymphoma and breast cancer. Both enzymes, PI3K and mTOR, are critical in this pathway. Hence, in recent years, an array of inhibitors targeting these two targets have been studied, showing dual PI3K/mTOR inhibition compared with single targeting small molecule inhibitors. Inhibitors not only inhibit cell proliferation but also promote cell apoptosis. These inhibitors show high potency and little drug resistance even at low doses, suggesting that PI3K/mTOR inhibitors are promising cancer drugs. Herein, we summarised the recent research of PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitors—for example, structure-activity relationship, pharmacokinetics, and clinical practice, and briefly commented on them. Clinical Trial Registration:https://clinicaltrials.gov.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianbo Wu
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yihua Xu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Liang
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinwei Yang
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianli Huang
- First Clinical College of Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Jie Wang
- First Clinical College of Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|