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Ionescu AC, Hahnel S, Chiari MDS, König A, Delvecchio P, Braga RR, Zambelli V, Brambilla E. TEGDMA-Functionalized Dicalcium Phosphate Dihydrate Resin-Based Composites Prevent Secondary Caries in an In Vitro Biofilm Model. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040232. [PMID: 36412873 PMCID: PMC9680503 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the efficacy of experimental TEGDMA-functionalized dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (T-DCPD) filler-based resin-based composites (RBC) in preventing caries lesions around the restoration margins (secondary caries, SC). Standardized Class-II cavities were made in sound molars with the cervical margin in dentin. Cavities were filled with a commercial resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RMGIC) or experimental RBCs containing a bisGMA-TEGDMA resin blend and one of the following inorganic fractions: 60 wt.% Ba glass (RBC-0); 40 wt.% Ba glass and 20 wt.% T-DCPD (RBC-20); or 20 wt.% Ba glass and 40 wt.% T-DCPD (RBC-40). An open-system bioreactor produced Streptococcus mutans biofilm-driven SC. Specimens were scanned using micro-CT to evaluate demineralization depths. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy characterized the specimen surfaces, and antimicrobial activity, buffering effect, and ion uptake by the biofilms were also evaluated. ANOVA and Tukey’s tests were applied at p < 0.05. RBC-0 and RBC-20 showed SC development in dentin, while RBC-40 and RMGIC significantly reduced the lesion depth at the restoration margin (p < 0.0001). Initial enamel demineralization could be observed only around the RBC-0 and RBC-20 restorations. Direct antibiofilm activity can explain SC reduction by RMGIC, whereas a buffering effect on the acidogenicity of biofilm can explain the behavior of RBC-40. Experimental RBC with CaP-releasing functionalized T-DCPD filler could prevent SC with the same efficacy as F-releasing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Cristian Ionescu
- Oral Microbiology and Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Pascal, 36, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Sebastian Hahnel
- Clinic of Prosthodontics and Dental Materials Science, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 12, Haus 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Regensburg University Medical Center, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marina D. S. Chiari
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Andreas König
- Clinic of Prosthodontics and Dental Materials Science, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 12, Haus 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Paolo Delvecchio
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Via Cadore, 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Roberto Ruggiero Braga
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Zambelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Via Cadore, 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Eugenio Brambilla
- Oral Microbiology and Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Pascal, 36, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Kim D, Ito T, Hara A, Li Y, Kreth J, Koo H. Antagonistic interactions by a high H 2 O 2 -producing commensal streptococci modulate caries development by Streptococcus mutans. Mol Oral Microbiol 2022; 37:244-255. [PMID: 36156446 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dental caries (tooth-decay) is caused by biofilms harboring polymicrobial communities on teeth that leads to the onset of localized areas of enamel demineralization. Streptococcus mutans has been clinically associated with severe caries in childhood. Although commensal bacteria can combat S. mutans using self-generated antimicrobials such as hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), constant sugar-rich diet consumption disrupts microbial homeostasis shifting towards cariogenic community. Recently, Streptococcus oralis subsp. tigurinus strain J22, an oral isolate, was identified as a uniquely potent H2 O2 producer. Here, we assess whether a high H2 O2 -producing commensal streptococci can modulate the spatial organization and virulence of S. mutans within biofilms. Using an experimental biofilm model, we find that the presence of S. oralis J22 can effectively inhibit the clustering, accumulation, and spatial organization of S. mutans on ex vivo human tooth surface, resulting in significant reduction of enamel demineralization. Notably, the generation of H2 O2 via pyruvate oxidase (SpxB) from S. oralis J22 is not repressed by sugars (a common repressor in other mitis group streptococci), resulting in enhanced inhibition of S. mutans growth (vs. S. gordonii). We further investigate its impact on biofilm virulence using an in vivo rodent caries model under sugar-rich diet. Co-infection of S. mutans with S. oralis results in reduced caries development compared to either species infected alone, whereas co-infection with S. gordonii has negligible effects, suggesting that the presence of an efficient, high H2 O2 -producer can disrupt S. mutans virulence. This work demonstrates that oral isolates with unusual high H2 O2 production may be capable of modulating biofilm cariogenicity in vivo. The findings also highlight the importance of bacterial antagonistic interactions within polymicrobial communities in health and in disease-causing state. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyeop Kim
- Biofilm Research Laboratory, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania.,Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University
| | - Tatsuro Ito
- Biofilm Research Laboratory, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Nihon University
| | - Anderson Hara
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry
| | - Yong Li
- Biofilm Research Laboratory, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Jens Kreth
- Departments of Restorative Dentistry and Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Hyun Koo
- Biofilm Research Laboratory, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania.,Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania.,Center for Innovation & Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania
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