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Xu H, Yuan Z, Qin K, Jiang S, Sun L. The molecular mechanism and evolutionary divergence of caspase 3/7-regulated gasdermin E activation. eLife 2024; 12:RP89974. [PMID: 38489483 PMCID: PMC10942788 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Caspase (CASP) is a family of proteases involved in cleavage and activation of gasdermin, the executor of pyroptosis. In humans, CASP3 and CASP7 recognize the same consensus motif DxxD, which is present in gasdermin E (GSDME). However, human GSDME is cleaved by CASP3 but not by CASP7. The underlying mechanism of this observation is unclear. In this study, we identified a pyroptotic pufferfish GSDME that was cleaved by both pufferfish CASP3/7 and human CASP3/7. Domain swapping between pufferfish and human CASP and GSDME showed that the GSDME C-terminus and the CASP7 p10 subunit determined the cleavability of GSDME by CASP7. p10 contains a key residue that governs CASP7 substrate discrimination. This key residue is highly conserved in vertebrate CASP3 and in most vertebrate (except mammalian) CASP7. In mammals, the key residue is conserved in non-primates (e.g., mouse) but not in primates. However, mouse CASP7 cleaved human GSDME but not mouse GSDME. These findings revealed the molecular mechanism of CASP7 substrate discrimination and the divergence of CASP3/7-mediated GSDME activation in vertebrate. These results also suggested that mutation-mediated functional alteration of CASP probably enabled the divergence and specialization of different CASP members in the regulation of complex cellular activities in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Xu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology; CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology CenterQingdaoChina
- College of Marine Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Zihao Yuan
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology; CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology CenterQingdaoChina
| | - Kunpeng Qin
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology; CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology CenterQingdaoChina
- College of Marine Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Shuai Jiang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology; CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology CenterQingdaoChina
- College of Marine Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Li Sun
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology; CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology CenterQingdaoChina
- College of Marine Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
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Li CY. Non-canonical roles of apoptotic and DNA double-strand break repair factors in mediating cellular response to ionizing radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 99:915-924. [PMID: 34187285 PMCID: PMC8758794 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1948139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide an updated summary of recent advances in our understanding of the non-canonical roles of apoptotic and DNA double-strand break repair factors in various biological processes, especially in the cellular response to radiotherapy. CONCLUSION Apoptotic caspases are usually considered as "executioners'' of unwanted or damaged cells or tissues. However, recent studies indicated they play multiple additional, often counterintuitive roles in many biological processes. Similarly, DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair factors were also found to play unexpected roles beyond repairing damaged DNA. In this review, I will summarize key findings on the non-canonical roles of apoptotic and DSB repair factors in disparate biological and pathological processes such as radiation-induced genetic instability and carcinogenesis, wound healing and tissue regeneration, induced pluripotent stem cell induction, spontaneous and stochastic generation of cancer stem cells, and cancer immunotherapy. I believe these findings will usher in more studies in this exciting and rapidly evolving field.
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Cornelis R, Hahne S, Taddeo A, Petkau G, Malko D, Durek P, Thiem M, Heiberger L, Peter L, Mohr E, Klaeden C, Tokoyoda K, Siracusa F, Hoyer BF, Hiepe F, Mashreghi MF, Melchers F, Chang HD, Radbruch A. Stromal Cell-Contact Dependent PI3K and APRIL Induced NF-κB Signaling Prevent Mitochondrial- and ER Stress Induced Death of Memory Plasma Cells. Cell Rep 2020; 32:107982. [PMID: 32755576 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The persistence of long-lived memory plasma cells in the bone marrow depends on survival factors available in the bone marrow, which are provided in niches organized by stromal cells. Using an ex vivo system in which we supply the known survival signals, direct cell contact to stromal cells, and the soluble cytokine a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), we have elucidated the critical signaling pathways required for the survival of long-lived plasma cells. Integrin-mediated contact of bone marrow plasma cells with stromal cells activates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway, leading to critical inactivation of Forkhead-Box-Protein O1/3 (FoxO1/3) and preventing the activation of mitochondrial stress-associated effector caspases 3 and 7. Accordingly, inhibition of PI3K signaling in vivo ablates bone marrow plasma cells. APRIL signaling, by the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway, blocks activation of the endoplasmic-reticulum-stress-associated initiator caspase 12. Thus, stromal-cell-contact-induced PI3K and APRIL-induced NF-κB signaling provide the necessary and complementary signals to maintain bone marrow memory plasma cells.
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Ahmad F, Sarder A, Gour R, Karna SKL, Arora P, Kartha KPR, Pokharel YR. Inhibition of prostate cancer cell line (PC-3) by anhydrodihydroartemisinin (ADHA) through caspase-dependent pathway. EXCLI J 2020; 19:613-619. [PMID: 32483407 PMCID: PMC7257247 DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-1331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a generic term for a large group of diseases characterized by the growth of abnormal cells, which is the second leading cause of death globally. To treat cancer, currently, a number of anticancer drugs belonging to various classes chemically are available. The discovery of artemisinin and its derivatives such as artesunate, arteether, and artemether became a milestone in the cure for malaria. Here, we report the anti-cancer property of anhydrodihydroartemisinin (ADHA) - a semisynthetic derivative of artemisinin against prostate cancer cell line PC-3. ADHA was found to be inhibiting growth of PC-3 cells. ADHA was also found to be inhibiting migration of PC-3 cells. At molecular level, ADHA was found to be inhibiting the expression of c-Jun, p-c-Jun, p-Akt and NF-κB and activated caspase 3 and 7. The results show that ADHA like few other artemisinin derivatives hold potential to be used as an anti-cancer agent against prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz Ahmad
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi-110021, India
| | - Amit Sarder
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi-110021, India
| | - Rajesh Gour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab-160062, India
| | | | - Priya Arora
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi-110021, India
| | - K P Ravindranathan Kartha
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab-160062, India
| | - Yuba Raj Pokharel
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi-110021, India
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Luo C, Wang F, Qin S, Chen Q, Wang QK. Coronary artery disease susceptibility gene ADTRP regulates cell cycle progression, proliferation, and apoptosis by global gene expression regulation. Physiol Genomics 2016; 48:554-64. [PMID: 27235449 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00028.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ADTRP gene encodes the androgen-dependent TFPI-regulating protein and is a susceptibility gene for contrary artery disease (CAD). We performed global gene expression profiling for ADTRP knock-down using microarrays in human HepG2 cells. Follow-up real-time RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that ADTRP knock-down regulates a diverse set of genes, including upregulation of seven histone genes, downregulation of multiple cell cycle genes (CCND1, CDK4, and CDKN1A), and upregulation of apoptosis genes (CASP7 and PDCD2) in HepG2 cells and endothelial cells. Consistently, ADTRP increases the number of S phase cells during cell cycle, promotes cell proliferation, and inhibits apoptosis. Our study provides novel insights into the function of ADTRP and biological pathways involving ADTRP, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; and Department of Molecular Medicine, Department of Genetics and Genome Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Subo Qin
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyun Chen
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; and Department of Molecular Medicine, Department of Genetics and Genome Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Qing K Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; and Department of Molecular Medicine, Department of Genetics and Genome Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Wei B, Song Y, Zhang Y, Hu M. microRNA-449a functions as a tumor-suppressor in gastric adenocarcinoma by targeting Bcl-2. Oncol Lett 2013; 6:1713-1718. [PMID: 24260067 PMCID: PMC3833858 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) may function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. The present study identified that miR-449a was downregulated in human gastric cancer. The overexpression of miR-449a inhibited gastric adenocarcinoma cell growth and promoted cell apoptosis in the MGC-803 and SGC-7901 gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines. Subsequently, Bcl-2 was identified as a potential miR-449a target by bioinformatics analysis. It was also shown that Bcl-2 was negatively regulated by miR-449a at the post-transcriptional level, via a specific target site within the 3′-untranslated region (3′UTR), by luciferase reporter assay. The expression of miR-449a induced cell apoptosis, as observed by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling and caspase 3/7 assays, and was rescued by Bcl-2 expression. Therefore, these observations indicate that miR-449a acts as a tumor suppressor by targeting the Bcl-2 gene and that it promotes gastric adenocarcinoma cell apoptosis via Bcl-2. The findings of this study contribute to or current understanding of the functions of miR-449a in gastric adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xi'an First Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710002, P.R. China
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Abstract
During apoptosis, initiator caspases (8, 9 and 10) activate downstream executioner caspases (3, 6 and 7) by cleaving the IDC (interdomain connector) at two sites. Here, we demonstrate that both activation sites, site 1 and site 2, of caspase 7 are suboptimal for activation by initiator caspases 8 and 9 in cellulo, and in vitro using recombinant proteins and activation kinetics. Indeed, when both sites are replaced with the preferred motifs recognized by either caspase 8 or 9, we found an up to 36-fold improvement in activation. Moreover, cleavage at site 1 is preferred to site 2 because of its location within the IDC, since swapping sites does not lead to a more efficient activation. We also demonstrate the important role of Ile195 of site 1 involved in maintaining a network of contacts that preserves the proper conformation of the active enzyme. Finally, we show that the length of the IDC plays a crucial role in maintaining the necessity of proteolysis for activation. In fact, although we were unable to generate a caspase 7 that does not require proteolysis for activity, shortening the IDC of the initiator caspase 8 by four residues was sufficient to confer a requirement for proteolysis, a key feature of executioner caspases. Altogether, the results demonstrate the critical role of the primary structure of caspase 7's IDC for its activation and proteolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcin DRAG
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, POLAND
| | - Jean-Bernard DENAULT
- Corresponding author: Jean-Bernard Denault, Université de Sherbrooke, Faculty of medicine and health sciences, Pharmacology department, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke QC, J1H 5N4, CANADA, Phone: +1-819-820-6868 x12789, Fax: +1-819-564-5400,
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