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Schlenkrich J, Lübkemann-Warwas F, Graf RT, Wesemann C, Schoske L, Rosebrock M, Hindricks KDJ, Behrens P, Bahnemann DW, Dorfs D, Bigall NC. Investigation of the Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production of Semiconductor Nanocrystal-Based Hydrogels. Small 2023; 19:e2208108. [PMID: 36828791 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202208108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Destabilization of a ligand-stabilized semiconductor nanocrystal solution with an oxidizing agent can lead to a macroscopic highly porous self-supporting nanocrystal network entitled hydrogel, with good accessibility to the surface. The previously reported charge carrier delocalization beyond a single nanocrystal building block in such gels can extend the charge carrier mobility and make a photocatalytic reaction more probable. The synthesis of ligand-stabilized nanocrystals with specific physicochemical properties is possible, thanks to the advances in colloid chemistry made in the last decades. Combining the properties of these nanocrystals with the advantages of nanocrystal-based hydrogels will lead to novel materials with optimized photocatalytic properties. This work demonstrates that CdSe quantum dots, CdS nanorods, and CdSe/CdS dot-in-rod-shaped nanorods as nanocrystal-based hydrogels can exhibit a much higher hydrogen production rate compared to their ligand-stabilized nanocrystal solutions. The gel synthesis through controlled destabilization by ligand oxidation preserves the high surface-to-volume ratio, ensures the accessible surface area even in hole-trapping solutions and facilitates photocatalytic hydrogen production without a co-catalyst. Especially with such self-supporting networks of nanocrystals, the problem of colloidal (in)stability in photocatalysis is circumvented. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and photoelectrochemical measurements reveal the advantageous properties of the 3D networks for application in photocatalytic hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Schlenkrich
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Callinstraße 3A, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Franziska Lübkemann-Warwas
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Callinstraße 3A, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics and Engineering -Innovation Across Disciplines), Leibniz University Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rebecca T Graf
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Callinstraße 3A, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Laboratory of Nano- and Quantum Engineering, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christoph Wesemann
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Callinstraße 3A, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Larissa Schoske
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Callinstraße 3A, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics and Engineering -Innovation Across Disciplines), Leibniz University Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marina Rosebrock
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Callinstraße 3A, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics and Engineering -Innovation Across Disciplines), Leibniz University Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karen D J Hindricks
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics and Engineering -Innovation Across Disciplines), Leibniz University Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Callinstraße 9, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Behrens
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics and Engineering -Innovation Across Disciplines), Leibniz University Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Laboratory of Nano- and Quantum Engineering, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Callinstraße 9, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Detlef W Bahnemann
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Callinstraße 5, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Laboratory "Photoactive Nanocomposite Materials", Saint-Petersburg State University, Ulyanovskaya str. 1, Saint-Petersburg, 198504, Peterhof, Russia
| | - Dirk Dorfs
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics and Engineering -Innovation Across Disciplines), Leibniz University Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Laboratory of Nano- and Quantum Engineering, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nadja C Bigall
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics and Engineering -Innovation Across Disciplines), Leibniz University Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Laboratory of Nano- and Quantum Engineering, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
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Yang Y, Lai M, Huang J, Li J, Gao R, Zhao Z, Song H, He J, Ma Y. Bi 5O 7I/g-C 3N 4 Heterostructures With Enhanced Visible-Light Photocatalytic Performance for Degradation of Tetracycline Hydrochloride. Front Chem 2021; 9:781991. [PMID: 34970532 PMCID: PMC8712322 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.781991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bi5O7I/g-C3N4 p-n junctioned photocatalysts were synthesized by alcohol-heating and calcination in air. The structures, morphologies and optical properties of as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). Photocatalytic activity of the heterojunctioned composites were evaluated by degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) and tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) under visible light illumination. The results indicated that the composites exhibited superior efficiencies for photodegradation of RhB and TCH in comparison with pure BiOI, Bi5O7I and g-C3N4. An effective built-in electric field was formed by the interface between p-type Bi5O7I and n-type g-C3N4, which promoted the efficient separation of photoinduced electron-hole pairs. In addition, 8% Bi5O7I/g-C3N4 composite showed excellent photostability in a five-cycle photocatalytic experiment. Experiments on scavenging active intermediates revealed the roles of active species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Optoelectronic Detection of Atmosphere and Ocean, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Lai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Optoelectronic Detection of Atmosphere and Ocean, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jialei Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Optoelectronic Detection of Atmosphere and Ocean, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinze Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Optoelectronic Detection of Atmosphere and Ocean, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruijie Gao
- NUIST Reading Academy, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziming Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Optoelectronic Detection of Atmosphere and Ocean, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Huatang Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Optoelectronic Detection of Atmosphere and Ocean, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jixiang He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Optoelectronic Detection of Atmosphere and Ocean, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Ma
- NUIST Reading Academy, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
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Xing Z, Zhang X, Yang W, Li H, Zhao Y, Wei T, Bian L, Chen G, Qin H, Lu S. Improved photocatalytic activity and stability of InGaN quantum dots/C 3N 4heterojunction photoelectrode for CO 2reduction and hydrogen production. Nanotechnology 2021; 32:505705. [PMID: 34492642 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac2450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic conversion of CO2to produce fuel is considered a promising approach to reduce CO2emissions and tackle energy crisis. GaN-based materials have been studied for CO2reduction because of their excellent optical properties and band structure. However, low photocatalytic activity and severe photocorrosion of GaN-based photoelectrode greatly limit their applications. In this work, photocatalytic activity was improved by adopting InGaN quantum dots (QDs) combined with C3N4nano-sheets as photoanode, and thus the efficiency of CO2reduction and the selectivity of hydrogen production were increased significantly. In addition, the photoelectron-chemical corrosion of photoelectrodes has been apparently controlled. InGaN QDs/C3N4has the highest CO and H2productions rates of 14.69μmol mol-1h-1and 140μmol mol-1h-1which were 2.2 times and 14.5 times than that of InGaN film photoelectrode, respectively. The enhancement of photocatalytic activity is attributed to C3N4modification and a large electric dipole forming on the surface of InGaN QDs, which facilitate the separation and transfer of photo-generated carriers and thus promote CO2reduction reaction. This work provides a promising strategy for the development of GaN-based photoanodes with superior stability and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Xing
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Zhang
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxian Yang
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300132, People's Republic of China
| | - Yukun Zhao
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Tieshi Wei
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifeng Bian
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Guifeng Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300132, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Qin
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Shulong Lu
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
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Murali G, Modigunta JKR, Park S, Lee S, Lee H, Yeon J, Kim H, Park YH, Park SY, Durrant JR, Cha H, An TK, In I. Enhancing Light Absorption and Prolonging Charge Separation in Carbon Quantum Dots via Cl-Doping for Visible-Light-Driven Photocharge-Transfer Reactions. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:34648-34657. [PMID: 34279075 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Limited light absorption beyond the UV region and rapid photocarrier recombination are critical impediments for the improved photocatalytic performance of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) under visible-light irradiation. Herein, we demonstrate single-step microwave-assisted syntheses of O-CQDs (typical CQDs terminated by carboxylic and hydroxyl functional groups) from a sucrose precursor and Cl-doped CQDs (Cl-CQDs) from a sucralose precursor in short reaction times and without using obligatory strong acids for Cl doping. The doping of Cl into the CQDs is observed to widen the absorption range and facilitate an enhanced separation of photoexcited charge carriers, which is confirmed by the results of optical absorption, photothermal response, and pump-probe ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy measurements of the O-CQDs and Cl-CQDs. The photoexcited charge carriers with their longer lifetimes in Cl-CQDs enabled the quick degradation of methylene blue dye, rapid conversion of Ag+ ions to metallic Ag nanoparticles on the CQD surfaces, and reduction of GO to a well-dispersed rGO through the photoelectron transfer reactions under visible-light irradiation. The facile Cl doping strategy, hybridization of Ag nanoparticles or rGO to CQDs, and the elevated charge separation mechanism would open up new avenues in designing CQD-based materials for futuristic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Murali
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of IT-Energy Convergence (BK21 FOUR), Chemical Industry Institute, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeevan Kumar Reddy Modigunta
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of IT-Energy Convergence (BK21 FOUR), Chemical Industry Institute, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongmin Park
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of IT-Energy Convergence (BK21 FOUR), Chemical Industry Institute, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongeun Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of IT-Energy Convergence (BK21 FOUR), Chemical Industry Institute, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwiyoung Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of IT-Energy Convergence (BK21 FOUR), Chemical Industry Institute, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Yeon
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of IT-Energy Convergence (BK21 FOUR), Chemical Industry Institute, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of IT-Energy Convergence (BK21 FOUR), Chemical Industry Institute, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Park
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of IT-Energy Convergence (BK21 FOUR), Chemical Industry Institute, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Young Park
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 380-702, Republic of Korea
| | - James R Durrant
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Hyojung Cha
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Hydrogen & Renewable Energy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kyu An
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of IT-Energy Convergence (BK21 FOUR), Chemical Industry Institute, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Insik In
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of IT-Energy Convergence (BK21 FOUR), Chemical Industry Institute, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
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Bresolin BM, Günnemann C, Bahnemann DW, Sillanpää M. Pb-Free Cs 3Bi 2I 9 Perovskite as a Visible-Light-Active Photocatalyst for Organic Pollutant Degradation. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E763. [PMID: 32316119 DOI: 10.3390/nano10040763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In our work, we employed Cs3Bi2I9 as a visible-light-active photocatalyst, synthesized with a low-temperature solvothermal method. The morphological and structural properties of the as-prepared perovskite were investigated, and the results were compared to previous studies to confirm its nature and the quality of the synthesis procedure. Transient absorption spectroscopy was applied in order to investigate the generation and lifetime of photogenerated charge carriers, revealing their formation after visible light excitation. The potential photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared metal halide perovskite was applied for the removal of Rhodamine B in aqueous solution, demonstrating an excellent activity of 93% after 180 min under visible-light irradiation. The current research aims to provide insights into the design of a new visible-light-active photocatalyst, Cs3Bi2I9, selected for its high application value in the field of advanced materials for light harvesting.
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Karthik P, Shaheer ARM, Vinu A, Neppolian B. Amine Functionalized Metal-Organic Framework Coordinated with Transition Metal Ions: d-d Transition Enhanced Optical Absorption and Role of Transition Metal Sites on Solar Light Driven H 2 Production. Small 2020; 16:e1902990. [PMID: 31724829 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Design and development of efficient photocatalysts for H2 production from water and sunlight have gained significant attention as the solar assisted approach is considered to be a promising approach for the generation of clean fuel. However, the poor charge carrier separation and light harvesting ability of existing photocatalysts limits the efficiency of photoconversion of water. In this work, the synthesis of transition metal ions (M2+ = Co2+ , Cu2+ , and Ni2+ ) coordinated with Ti-metal organic frameworks (Ti-MOFs) through a simple post-synthetic coordination method for efficient solar light-driven H2 production is reported. Notably, coordination of M2+ ions with Ti-MOF significantly improves the optical absorption by d-d transitions and the multimetal sites facilitate the fast charge carrier separation, thereby enhancing the solar light-driven H2 production activity. Very interestingly, the rate of solar light-driven H2 production is varied with respect to different metal ions coordination due to the position of d-d bands absorption in the solar spectrum, and the complexing tendency of M2+ ions with sacrificial electron donors. A maximum solar H2 production rate of 1583.55 µmol h-1 g-1 is achieved with a Cu2+ coordinated Ti-MOF, which is ≈13 fold higher than that of the pristine Ti-MOF.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Karthik
- SRM Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A R Mahammed Shaheer
- SRM Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ajayan Vinu
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Bernaurdshaw Neppolian
- SRM Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
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Zhang X, Wang X, Wang D, Ye J. Conformal BiVO 4-Layer/WO 3-Nanoplate-Array Heterojunction Photoanode Modified with Cobalt Phosphate Cocatalyst for Significantly Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Performances. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:5623-5631. [PMID: 30004671 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b05477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Constructing semiconductor heterojunctions via surface/interface engineering is an effective way to enhance the charge carrier separation/transport ability and thus the photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties of a photoelectrode. Herein, we report a conformal BiVO4-layer/WO3-nanoplate-array heterojunction photoanode modified with cobalt phosphate (Co-Pi) as oxygen evolution cocatalyst (OEC) for significant enhancement in PEC performances. The BiVO4/WO3 nanocomposite is fabricated by coating a thin conformal BiVO4 layer on the surface of presynthesized WO3 nanoplate arrays (NPAs) via stepwise spin-coating, and the decoration of Co-Pi OEC is realized by photoassisted electrodeposition method. The optimized Co-Pi@BiVO4/WO3 heterojunction photoanode shows a maximum photocurrent of 1.8 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V vs RHE in a phosphate buffer electrolyte under an AM1.5G solar simulator, which is 5 and 12 times higher than those of bare WO3 and BiVO4 photoanode, respectively. Measurements of UV-vis absorption spectra, electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra reveal that the enhanced PEC performances can be attributed to the increased charge carrier separation/transport benefited from the type II nature of BiVO4/WO3 heterojunction and the promoted water oxidation kinetics and photostability owing to the decoration of Co-Pi cocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Zhang
- TJU-NIMS International Collaboration laboratory, Key Lab of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Lab of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin University , 92 Weijin Road , Tianjin 300072 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , 92 Weijin Road , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Xin Wang
- TJU-NIMS International Collaboration laboratory, Key Lab of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Lab of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin University , 92 Weijin Road , Tianjin 300072 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , 92 Weijin Road , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Defa Wang
- TJU-NIMS International Collaboration laboratory, Key Lab of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Lab of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin University , 92 Weijin Road , Tianjin 300072 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , 92 Weijin Road , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Jinhua Ye
- TJU-NIMS International Collaboration laboratory, Key Lab of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Lab of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin University , 92 Weijin Road , Tianjin 300072 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , 92 Weijin Road , Tianjin 300072 , China
- International Center of Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA) , National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , 1-1Namiki , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0044 , Japan
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Da Silva ES, Moura NMM, Coutinho A, Dražić G, Teixeira BMS, Sobolev NA, Silva CG, Neves MGPMS, Prieto M, Faria JL. β-Cyclodextrin as a Precursor to Holey C-Doped g-C 3 N 4 Nanosheets for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation. ChemSusChem 2018; 11:2681-2694. [PMID: 29975819 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201801003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A green, template-free and easy-to-implement strategy was developed to access holey g-C3 N4 (GCN) nanosheets doped with carbon. The protocol involves heating dicyandiamide with β-cyclodextrin (βCD) prior to polymerization. The local symmetry of the GCN skeleton is broken, yielding CxGCN (x corresponds to the initial amount of βCD used) with pores and a distorted structure. The electronic, emission, optical and textural properties of the best-performing material, C2GCN, were significantly modified as compared to bulk GCN. The spectroscopic and luminescent features of C2GCN show the characteristic π-π* electronic transition of GCN, accompanied by much stronger n-π* electronic transitions owing to the porous and distorted network. These new electronic transitions, along with the presence of additional carbon synergistically contributed to enhanced visible light absorption and restrained recombination of electron-hole pairs. Steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence showed an effective quench of the fluorescence emission, accompanied by a decrease of fluorescence lifetime of C2GCN (2.20 ns) in comparison with GCN (5.85 ns), owing to the delocalization of electron and holes to new recombination centers. The photocatalytic activity of C2GCN was attributed to efficient charge carrier separation and improved visible-light absorbing ability. As result, C2GCN exhibited ∼5 times higher photocatalytic H2 generation under visible light than bulk GCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana S Da Silva
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno M M Moura
- QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Coutinho
- CQFM-IN and IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Goran Dražić
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bruno M S Teixeira
- Physics Department and i3N, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nikolai A Sobolev
- Physics Department and i3N, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Cláudia G Silva
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Graça P M S Neves
- QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Manuel Prieto
- CQFM-IN and IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joaquim L Faria
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
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