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Addo PW, Sagili SUKR, Bilodeau SE, Gladu-Gallant FA, MacKenzie DA, Bates J, McRae G, MacPherson S, Paris M, Raghavan V, Orsat V, Lefsrud M. Cold Ethanol Extraction of Cannabinoids and Terpenes from Cannabis Using Response Surface Methodology: Optimization and Comparative Study. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27248780. [PMID: 36557913 PMCID: PMC9786071 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Efficient cannabis biomass extraction can increase yield while reducing costs and minimizing waste. Cold ethanol extraction was evaluated to maximize yield and concentrations of cannabinoids and terpenes at different temperatures. Central composite rotatable design was used to optimize two independent factors: sample-to-solvent ratio (1:2.9 to 1:17.1) and extraction time (5.7 min-34.1 min). With response surface methodology, predicted optimal conditions at different extraction temperatures were a cannabis-to-ethanol ratio of 1:15 and a 10 min extraction time. With these conditions, yields (g 100 g dry matter-1) were 18.2, 19.7, and 18.5 for -20 °C, -40 °C and room temperature, respectively. Compared to the reference ground sample, tetrahydrocannabinolic acid changed from 17.9 (g 100 g dry matter-1) to 15, 17.5, and 18.3 with an extraction efficiency of 83.6%, 97.7%, 102.1% for -20 °C, -40 °C, and room temperature, respectively. Terpene content decreased by 54.1% and 32.2% for extraction at -20 °C and room temperature, respectively, compared to extraction at -40 °C. Principal component analysis showed that principal component 1 and principal component 2 account for 88% and 7.31% of total variance, respectively, although no significant differences in cold ethanol extraction at different temperatures were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Wiredu Addo
- Bioresource Engineering Department, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Ste-Anne-De-Bellevue, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Sai Uday Kumar Reddy Sagili
- Bioresource Engineering Department, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Ste-Anne-De-Bellevue, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | | | | | - Douglas A. MacKenzie
- National Research Council of Canada, Metrology, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Jennifer Bates
- National Research Council of Canada, Metrology, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Garnet McRae
- National Research Council of Canada, Metrology, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Sarah MacPherson
- Bioresource Engineering Department, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Ste-Anne-De-Bellevue, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Maxime Paris
- EXKA Inc., 7625 Route Arthur Sauvé, Mirabel, QC J7N 2R6, Canada
| | - Vijaya Raghavan
- Bioresource Engineering Department, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Ste-Anne-De-Bellevue, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Valérie Orsat
- Bioresource Engineering Department, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Ste-Anne-De-Bellevue, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Mark Lefsrud
- Bioresource Engineering Department, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Ste-Anne-De-Bellevue, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(514)-3987967
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