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Chen Y, Tian Q, Wang H, Ma R, Han R, Wang Y, Ge H, Ren Y, Yang R, Yang H, Chen Y, Duan X, Zhang L, Gao J, Gao L, Yan X, Qin Y. A Manganese-Based Metal-Organic Framework as a Cold-Adapted Nanozyme. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2206421. [PMID: 36329676 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of cold-adapted enzymes with high efficiency and good stability is an advanced strategy to overcome the limitations of catalytic medicine in low and cryogenic temperatures. In this work, inspired by natural enzymes, a novel cold-adapted nanozyme based on a manganese-based nanosized metal-organic framework (nMnBTC) is designed and synthesized. The nMnBTC as an oxidase mimetic not only exhibits excellent activity at 0 °C, but also presents almost no observable activity loss as the temperature is increased to 45 °C. This breaks the traditional recognition that enzymes show maximum activity only under specific psychrophilic or thermophilic condition. The superior performance of nMnBTC as a cold-adapted nanozyme can be attributed to its high-catalytic efficiency at low temperature, good substrate affinity, and flexible conformation. Based on the robust performance of nMnBTC, a low-temperature antiviral strategy is developed to inactivate influenza virus H1N1 even at -20 °C. These results not only provide an important guide for the rational design of highly efficient artificial cold-adapted enzymes, but also pave a novel way for biomedical application in cryogenic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi Road, 710072, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Qing Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi Road, 710072, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi Road, 710072, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Ruonan Ma
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, 100101, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ruiting Han
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi Road, 710072, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi Road, 710072, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Huibin Ge
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi Road, 710072, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Yujing Ren
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi Road, 710072, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Rong Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi Road, 710072, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 27 Taoyuan Road, 030001, Taiyuan, P. R. China
| | - Yinjuan Chen
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, 21 Yinghu Road, 213164, Changzhou, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 West Changjiang Road, 266580, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Xuezhi Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 500 Dongchuan Road, 200237, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Lianbing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi Road, 710072, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Jie Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi Road, 710072, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Lizeng Gao
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, 100101, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiyun Yan
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, 100101, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yong Qin
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi Road, 710072, Xi'an, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 27 Taoyuan Road, 030001, Taiyuan, P. R. China
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Liu Y, Zhang N, Ma J, Zhou Y, Wei Q, Tian C, Fang Y, Zhong R, Chen G, Zhang S. Advances in cold-adapted enzymes derived from microorganisms. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1152847. [PMID: 37180232 PMCID: PMC10169661 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1152847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold-adapted enzymes, produced in cold-adapted organisms, are a class of enzyme with catalytic activity at low temperatures, high temperature sensitivity, and the ability to adapt to cold stimulation. These enzymes are largely derived from animals, plants, and microorganisms in polar areas, mountains, and the deep sea. With the rapid development of modern biotechnology, cold-adapted enzymes have been implemented in human and other animal food production, the protection and restoration of environments, and fundamental biological research, among other areas. Cold-adapted enzymes derived from microorganisms have attracted much attention because of their short production cycles, high yield, and simple separation and purification, compared with cold-adapted enzymes derived from plants and animals. In this review we discuss various types of cold-adapted enzyme from cold-adapted microorganisms, along with associated applications, catalytic mechanisms, and molecular modification methods, to establish foundation for the theoretical research and application of cold-adapted enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehui Liu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
| | - Na Zhang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
| | - Jie Ma
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
| | - Yuqi Zhou
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
| | - Chunjie Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Rongzhen Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Guang Chen
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
| | - Sitong Zhang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
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DangThu Q, Nguyen TT, Jang SH, Lee C. Molecular cloning and biochemical characterization of a NAD-dependent sorbitol dehydrogenase from cold-adapted Pseudomonas mandelii. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 368:6064296. [PMID: 33399820 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugar alcohols (polyols) have important roles as nutrients, anti-freezing agents and scavengers of free radicals in cold-adapted bacteria, but the characteristics of polyol dehydrogenases in cold-adapted bacteria remain largely unknown. In this study, based on the observation that a cold-adapted bacterium Pseudomonas mandelii JR-1 predominantly utilized d-sorbitol as its carbon source, among the four polyols examined (d-galactitol, d-mannitol, d-sorbitol and d-xylitol), we cloned and characterized a sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH, EC 1.1.1.14) belonging to the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family from this bacterium (the SDH hereafter referred to as PmSDH). PmSDH contained Asn111, Ser140, Tyr153 and Lys157 as catalytic active site residues and existed as an ∼67-kDa dimer in size-exclusion chromatography. PmSDH converted d-sorbitol to d-fructose using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as a cofactor and, vice versa, d-fructose to d-sorbitol using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced (NADH) as a cofactor. PmSDH maintained its conformational flexibility, secondary and tertiary structures, and thermal stability at 4-25°C. These results indicate that PmSDH, which has a flexible structure and a high catalytic activity at colder temperatures, is well suited to sorbitol utilization in the cold-adapted bacterium P. mandelii JR-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynh DangThu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Center for Bio-Nanomaterials, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, South Korea
| | - Thu-Thuy Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Science and Center for Bio-Nanomaterials, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, South Korea
| | - Sei-Heon Jang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Center for Bio-Nanomaterials, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, South Korea
| | - ChangWoo Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Center for Bio-Nanomaterials, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, South Korea
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Varrella S, Barone G, Tangherlini M, Rastelli E, Dell’Anno A, Corinaldesi C. Diversity, Ecological Role and Biotechnological Potential of Antarctic Marine Fungi. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7050391. [PMID: 34067750 PMCID: PMC8157204 DOI: 10.3390/jof7050391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Antarctic Ocean is one of the most remote and inaccessible environments on our planet and hosts potentially high biodiversity, being largely unexplored and undescribed. Fungi have key functions and unique physiological and morphological adaptations even in extreme conditions, from shallow habitats to deep-sea sediments. Here, we summarized information on diversity, the ecological role, and biotechnological potential of marine fungi in the coldest biome on Earth. This review also discloses the importance of boosting research on Antarctic fungi as hidden treasures of biodiversity and bioactive molecules to better understand their role in marine ecosystem functioning and their applications in different biotechnological fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Varrella
- Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Giulio Barone
- Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnologies, National Research Council (IRBIM-CNR), Largo Fiera della Pesca, 60125 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Michael Tangherlini
- Department of Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources, Stazione Zoologica “Anton Dohrn”, Fano Marine Centre, Viale Adriatico 1-N, 61032 Fano, Italy;
| | - Eugenio Rastelli
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica “Anton Dohrn”, Fano Marine Centre, Viale Adriatico 1-N, 61032 Fano, Italy;
| | - Antonio Dell’Anno
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Cinzia Corinaldesi
- Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.V.); (C.C.)
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Sartorio MG, Cortez N, González JM. Structure and functional properties of the cold-adapted catalase from Acinetobacter sp. Ver3 native to the Atacama plateau in northern Argentina. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2021; 77:369-379. [PMID: 33645540 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798321000929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Heme catalases remove hydrogen peroxide by catalyzing its dismutation into water and molecular oxygen, thereby protecting the cell from oxidative damage. The Atacama plateau in northern Argentina, located 4000 m above sea level, is a desert area characterized by extreme UV radiation, high salinity and a large temperature variation between day and night. Here, the heme catalase KatE1 from an Atacama Acinetobacter sp. isolate was cloned, expressed and purified, with the aim of investigating its extremophilic properties. Kinetic and stability assays indicate that KatE1 is maximally active at 50°C in alkaline media, with a nearly unchanged specific activity between 0°C and 40°C in the pH range 5.5-11.0. In addition, its three-dimensional crystallographic structure was solved, revealing minimal structural differences compared with its mesophilic and thermophilic analogues, except for a conserved methionine residue on the distal heme side, which is proposed to comprise a molecular adaptation to oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana G Sartorio
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Suipacha 531, Rosario, S2002LRK Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Néstor Cortez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Suipacha 531, Rosario, S2002LRK Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Javier M González
- Instituto de Bionanotecnología del NOA (INBIONATEC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero (UNSE), RN9, Km1125, Villa El Zanjón, G4206XCP Santiago del Estero, Argentina
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Duarte AWF, Dos Santos JA, Vianna MV, Vieira JMF, Mallagutti VH, Inforsato FJ, Wentzel LCP, Lario LD, Rodrigues A, Pagnocca FC, Pessoa Junior A, Durães Sette L. Cold-adapted enzymes produced by fungi from terrestrial and marine Antarctic environments. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 38:600-619. [PMID: 29228814 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1379468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Antarctica is the coldest, windiest, and driest continent on Earth. In this sense, microorganisms that inhabit Antarctica environments have to be adapted to harsh conditions. Fungal strains affiliated with Ascomycota and Basidiomycota phyla have been recovered from terrestrial and marine Antarctic samples. They have been used for the bioprospecting of molecules, such as enzymes. Many reports have shown that these microorganisms produce cold-adapted enzymes at low or mild temperatures, including hydrolases (e.g. α-amylase, cellulase, chitinase, glucosidase, invertase, lipase, pectinase, phytase, protease, subtilase, tannase, and xylanase) and oxidoreductases (laccase and superoxide dismutase). Most of these enzymes are extracellular and their production in the laboratory has been carried out mainly under submerged culture conditions. Several studies showed that the cold-adapted enzymes exhibit a wide range in optimal pH (1.0-9.0) and temperature (10.0-70.0 °C). A myriad of methods have been applied for cold-adapted enzyme purification, resulting in purification factors and yields ranging from 1.70 to 1568.00-fold and 0.60 to 86.20%, respectively. Additionally, some fungal cold-adapted enzymes have been cloned and expressed in host organisms. Considering the enzyme-producing ability of microorganisms and the properties of cold-adapted enzymes, fungi recovered from Antarctic environments could be a prolific genetic resource for biotechnological processes (industrial and environmental) carried out at low or mild temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alysson Wagner Fernandes Duarte
- a Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Campus Arapiraca , Arapiraca , Brazil.,b Divisão de Recursos Microbianos , Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Paulínia , Brazil
| | - Juliana Aparecida Dos Santos
- c Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia , Universidade Estadual Paulistra (UNESP), Câmpus de Rio Claro , Rio Claro , Brazil
| | - Marina Vitti Vianna
- c Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia , Universidade Estadual Paulistra (UNESP), Câmpus de Rio Claro , Rio Claro , Brazil
| | - Juliana Maíra Freitas Vieira
- c Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia , Universidade Estadual Paulistra (UNESP), Câmpus de Rio Claro , Rio Claro , Brazil
| | - Vitor Hugo Mallagutti
- c Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia , Universidade Estadual Paulistra (UNESP), Câmpus de Rio Claro , Rio Claro , Brazil
| | - Fabio José Inforsato
- c Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia , Universidade Estadual Paulistra (UNESP), Câmpus de Rio Claro , Rio Claro , Brazil
| | - Lia Costa Pinto Wentzel
- c Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia , Universidade Estadual Paulistra (UNESP), Câmpus de Rio Claro , Rio Claro , Brazil
| | - Luciana Daniela Lario
- d Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos, Universidad Nacional de Rosario , Rosario , Argentina.,e Departamento de Tecnologia Bioquímico-Farmacêutica , Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Andre Rodrigues
- c Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia , Universidade Estadual Paulistra (UNESP), Câmpus de Rio Claro , Rio Claro , Brazil
| | - Fernando Carlos Pagnocca
- c Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia , Universidade Estadual Paulistra (UNESP), Câmpus de Rio Claro , Rio Claro , Brazil
| | - Adalberto Pessoa Junior
- e Departamento de Tecnologia Bioquímico-Farmacêutica , Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Lara Durães Sette
- c Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia , Universidade Estadual Paulistra (UNESP), Câmpus de Rio Claro , Rio Claro , Brazil
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Yang J, Yu Y, Tang BL, Zhong S, Shi M, Xie BB, Zhang XY, Zhou BC, Zhang YZ, Chen XL. Pilot-Scale Production and Thermostability Improvement of the M23 Protease Pseudoalterin from the Deep Sea Bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. CF6-2. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111567. [PMID: 27869696 PMCID: PMC6273387 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudoalterin is the most abundant protease secreted by the marine sedimental bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. CF6-2 and is a novel cold-adapted metalloprotease of the M23 family. Proteases of the M23 family have high activity towards peptidoglycan and elastin, suggesting their promising biomedical and biotechnological potentials. To lower the fermentive cost and improve the pseudoalterin production of CF6-2, we optimized the fermentation medium by using single factor experiments, added 0.5% sucrose as a carbon source, and lowered the usage of artery powder from 1.2% to 0.6%. In the optimized medium, pseudoalterin production reached 161.15 ± 3.08 U/mL, 61% greater than that before optimization. We further conducted a small-scale fermentation experiment in a 5-L fermenter and a pilot-scale fermentation experiment in a 50-L fermenter. Pseudoalterin production during pilot-scale fermentation reached 103.48 ± 8.64 U/mL, 77% greater than that before the medium was optimized. In addition, through single factor experiments and orthogonal tests, we developed a compound stabilizer for pseudoalterin, using medically safe sugars and polyols. This stabilizer showed a significant protective effect for pseudoalterin against enzymatic thermal denaturation. These results lay a solid foundation for the industrial production of pseudoalterin and the development of its biomedical and biotechnological potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Bai-Lu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Shuai Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Mei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Bin-Bin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Xi-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Bai-Cheng Zhou
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Xiu-Lan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
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Sarmiento F, Peralta R, Blamey JM. Cold and Hot Extremozymes: Industrial Relevance and Current Trends. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2015; 3:148. [PMID: 26539430 PMCID: PMC4611823 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of enzymes for industrial applications relies heavily on the use of microorganisms. The intrinsic properties of microbial enzymes, e.g., consistency, reproducibility, and high yields along with many others, have pushed their introduction into a wide range of products and industrial processes. Extremophilic microorganisms represent an underutilized and innovative source of novel enzymes. These microorganisms have developed unique mechanisms and molecular means to cope with extreme temperatures, acidic and basic pH, high salinity, high radiation, low water activity, and high metal concentrations among other environmental conditions. Extremophile-derived enzymes, or extremozymes, are able to catalyze chemical reactions under harsh conditions, like those found in industrial processes, which were previously not thought to be conducive for enzymatic activity. Due to their optimal activity and stability under extreme conditions, extremozymes offer new catalytic alternatives for current industrial applications. These extremozymes also represent the cornerstone for the development of environmentally friendly, efficient, and sustainable industrial technologies. Many advances in industrial biocatalysis have been achieved in recent years; however, the potential of biocatalysis through the use of extremozymes is far from being fully realized. In this article, the adaptations and significance of psychrophilic, thermophilic, and hyperthermophilic enzymes, and their applications in selected industrial markets will be reviewed. Also, the current challenges in the development and mass production of extremozymes as well as future prospects and trends for their biotechnological application will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rocío Peralta
- Fundación Científica y Cultural Biociencia , Santiago , Chile
| | - Jenny M Blamey
- Swissaustral USA , Athens, GA , USA ; Fundación Científica y Cultural Biociencia , Santiago , Chile
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