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Lemmon B, Montuclard A, Solar SE, Roberts E, Joo TW, Falbe J. Student Opposition to University Pouring Rights Contracts. AJPM Focus 2024; 3:100190. [PMID: 38357553 PMCID: PMC10864850 DOI: 10.1016/j.focus.2024.100190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The majority of large public universities have exclusive pouring rights contracts with beverage companies that produce and market sugar-sweetened beverages. Pouring rights contracts contain provisions that conflict with recommendations from major public health organizations that institutions reduce sugar-sweetened beverage availability, marketing, and consumption. This study assessed the following among students at 3 public universities: student perception of pouring rights contracts (the extent to which they favored or opposed pouring rights contracts), the association between student socioeconomic characteristics and perception of pouring rights contracts, student estimates of pouring rights contract revenue, and the association between student pouring rights contract revenue estimates and perception of pouring rights contracts. To contextualize results, actual pouring rights contract revenue as a percentage of total revenues was estimated. Methods A cross-sectional exploratory study was conducted among a convenience sample of 1,311 undergraduate sugar-sweetened beverages-consuming students recruited from 3 large and diverse public universities in Northern California. On an online questionnaire, undergraduate students indicated the extent to which they favored or opposed pouring rights contracts on a 10-point scale (oppose=1-5, favor=6-10) and provided a numeric estimate of the percentage of total university revenue they thought their university's pouring rights contract generated. Regression models were used to analyze differences in perception of pouring rights contracts by student socioeconomic characteristics and estimates of university revenues generated by pouring rights contracts. In addition, pouring rights contracts and financial reports were obtained from the 3 universities to estimate actual pouring rights contract revenue as a percentage of total revenues. Survey data were collected between August and November 2018 and analyzed in August 2022. Results A large majority of students (81%) opposed pouring rights contracts, and the opposition did not significantly differ by student socioeconomic characteristics, including by levels of food security, need-based financial aid, participation in federal food assistance or healthcare programs, parental education, or parental income (all ps>0.14). The median student estimate for pouring rights contract revenue as a percentage of total university revenue was 10%. In contrast, the estimated actual annual revenue generated from the pouring rights contracts ranged from 0.01% to 0.04% at these schools. Revenue estimates were not significantly associated with participants' opposition or favoring of pouring rights contracts (p=0.65). Conclusions A large majority of students opposed pouring rights contracts, and this opposition was similar regardless of student socioeconomic characteristics or student estimates of pouring rights contract revenues. Students markedly overestimated (by >100-1,000-fold) the percentage of university revenue that came from pouring rights contracts. University administration should consider student views on pouring rights contracts when deciding whether to exit or continue with pouring rights contracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Lemmon
- Graduate Group in Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Astrid Montuclard
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Sarah E. Solar
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Emily Roberts
- Graduate Group in Nutritional Biology, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Thomas W. Joo
- School of Law, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Jennifer Falbe
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
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Adams PJ, Gregan MJ. Moral jeopardy, conflicts of interest and the integrity of public health research. Int J Epidemiol 2024; 53:dyae023. [PMID: 38374718 PMCID: PMC10877091 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyae023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Adams
- Centre for Addiction Research, School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand
| | - Melissa-Jade Gregan
- Centre for Addiction Research, School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand
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Crosbie E, Schmidt L. Commentary on Fazzino et al.: Proof for why we need cross-industry approaches to research on the commercial determinants of health. Addiction 2024; 119:72-73. [PMID: 37908182 DOI: 10.1111/add.16378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Crosbie
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
- Ozmen Institute for Global Studies, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Laura Schmidt
- Department of Medicine and Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies and Department of Anthropology, History and Social Medicine, and Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Gaber N, Bero L, Woodruff TJ. The Devil they Knew: Chemical Documents Analysis of Industry Influence on PFAS Science. Ann Glob Health 2023; 89:37. [PMID: 37273487 PMCID: PMC10237242 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.4013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of widely-used chemicals that persist in the environment and bioaccumulate in humans and animals, becoming an increasing cause for global concern. While PFAS have been commercially produced since the 1940s, their toxicity was not publicly established until the late 1990s. The objective of this paper is to evaluate industry documents on PFAS and compare them to the public health literature in order to understand this consequential delay. Methods We reviewed a collection of previously secret industry documents archived at the UCSF Chemical Industry Documents Library, examining whether and how strategies of corporate manipulation of science were used by manufacturers of PFAS. Using well-established methods of document analysis, we developed deductive codes to assess industry influence on the conduct and publication of research. We also conducted a literature review using standard search strategies to establish when scientific information on the health effects of PFAS became public. Results Our review of industry documents shows that companies knew PFAS was "highly toxic when inhaled and moderately toxic when ingested" by 1970, forty years before the public health community. Further, the industry used several strategies that have been shown common to tobacco, pharmaceutical and other industries to influence science and regulation - most notably, suppressing unfavorable research and distorting public discourse. We did not find evidence in this archive of funding favorable research or targeted dissemination of those results. Conclusions The lack of transparency in industry-driven research on industrial chemicals has significant legal, political and public health consequences. Industry strategies to suppress scientific research findings or early warnings about the hazards of industrial chemicals can be analyzed and exposed, in order to guide prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa Bero
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, US
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Freudenberg N. Integrating Social, Political and Commercial Determinants of Health Frameworks to Advance Public Health in the twenty-first Century. Int J Health Serv 2022; 53:207314221125151. [PMID: 36113468 DOI: 10.1177/00207314221125151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Existing frameworks seek to elucidate the social, political, and commercial determinants of health in order to inform practice, policy, and research that can improve health and reduce health inequities. Each approach has widened the scope of public health practice and research and identified new partners and targets for intervention. But as the public health crises of the past decade have shown, these frameworks have not yet yielded insights that have enabled the public health profession and movement to prevent or overcome dominant threats to global health and health equity. This report explores the value of an integrated framework that combines insights from previous scholarship and practice using the social, political, and commercial determinants of health. It proposes the questions such an integration would need to answer and suggests processes and tasks that could lead to the creation of a blended framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Freudenberg
- Distinguished Professor of Public Health, 2009City University of New York School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, USA
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Adams PJ, Rychert M, Wilkins C. How does the influence of the cannabis industry differ from that of alcohol and tobacco? Addiction 2021; 116:2951-2952. [PMID: 34327753 DOI: 10.1111/add.15637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Adams
- Centre for Addiction Research, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Marta Rychert
- Social and Health Outcomes Research and Evaluation (SHORE), SHORE and Whaariki Research Centre, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Chris Wilkins
- Social and Health Outcomes Research and Evaluation (SHORE), SHORE and Whaariki Research Centre, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
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Adams PJ, Rychert M, Wilkins C. Policy influence and the legalized cannabis industry: learnings from other addictive consumption industries. Addiction 2021; 116:2939-2946. [PMID: 33739486 DOI: 10.1111/add.15483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM New Zealand has recently legalized medicinal cannabis and has explored the possibility of legalizing large-scale recreational cannabis supply. In the process, concerns have emerged regarding whether corporations involved in the large-scale production and sale of legalized cannabis will invest in tactics of influence with policymakers and the public. This paper aimed to examine the various ways a legalized cannabis industry could seek to influence governments and the public in the New Zealand reform context. METHOD Based on the study of industry tactics with alcohol, tobacco and gambling, we applied a three-chain model of industry influence that breaks tactics into the 'public good', 'knowledge' and 'political' chains. RESULTS Exploratory analysis of the nascent cannabis industry's activity in New Zealand provided signs of industry influence strategies related to all three chains. The medicinal cannabis industry has associated the establishment of a legal cannabis sector with regional economic development and employment, supported lobbying for recreational law reform, funded NGOs involved in lobbying for law reform, established research partnerships with universities, invited ex-politicians on advisory boards, and participated in government public sector partnerships. CONCLUSION There is emerging evidence that the legal cannabis industry is using strategies to influence the regulatory environment in New Zealand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Adams
- Centre for Addiction Research, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Marta Rychert
- Social and Health Outcomes Research and Evaluation (SHORE), SHORE and Whaariki Research Centre, College of Health, Massey University, P.O. Box 6137, Wellesley Street, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Chris Wilkins
- Social and Health Outcomes Research and Evaluation (SHORE), SHORE and Whaariki Research Centre, College of Health, Massey University, P.O. Box 6137, Wellesley Street, Auckland, New Zealand
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Brisbois B, Feagan M, Stime B, Paz IK, Berbés-Blázquez M, Gaibor J, Cole DC, Di Ruggiero E, Hanson L, Janes CR, Plamondon KM, Spiegel JM, Yassi A. Mining, Colonial Legacies, and Neoliberalism: A Political Ecology of Health Knowledge : Minerıa, legados coloniales y neoliberalismo: una ecologıa polıtica del conocimiento en salud. New Solut 2021; 31:48-64. [PMID: 33705238 PMCID: PMC8041446 DOI: 10.1177/10482911211001051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Scholarship on the health impacts of resource extraction displays prominent gaps and apparent corporate and neocolonial footprints that raise questions about how science is produced. We analyze production of knowledge, on the health impacts of mining, carried out in relation to the Canadian International Resources and Development Institute (CIRDI), a university-based organization with substantial extractive industry involvement and links to Canada’s mining-dominated foreign policy. We use a “political ecology of knowledge” framework to situate CIRDI in the context of neoliberal capitalism, neocolonial sustainable development discourses, and mining industry corporate social responsibility techniques. We then document the interactions of specific health disciplinary conventions and knowledges within CIRDI-related research and advocacy efforts involving a major Canadian global health organization. This analysis illustrates both accommodation and resistance to large-scale political economic structures and the need to directly confront the global North governments and sectors pushing extractive-led neoliberal development globally. Resumen La investigación sobre los impactos en la salud de la extracción de recursos naturales delata brechas importantes y huellas corporativas y neocoloniales, que plantean dudas acerca de cómo se produce la ciencia. Analizamos la producción de conocimiento sobre los impactos en la salud de la minería en relación con el Instituto Canadiense de Desarrollo y Recursos Internacionales (CIRDI, siglas en inglés), una organización universitaria que cuenta con participación sustancial de la industria extractiva y tiene vínculos con la política exterior de Canadá, la cual es dominada por intereses mineros. Utilizamos un marco de "ecología política del conocimiento" para situar a CIRDI en el contexto del capitalismo neoliberal, los discursos neocoloniales de desarrollo sostenible y las técnicas de responsabilidad social corporativa de la industria minera. Luego, documentamos las interacciones entre los conocimientos y convenciones disciplinarias de salud dentro de los esfuerzos de investigación y promoción relacionados con CIRDI que involucran a una importante organización canadiense de salud global. Este análisis muestra tanto la complacencia como la resistencia a las estructuras políticas económicas a gran escala, y la necesidad de confrontar directamente a los gobiernos y sectores del Norte global que manejan el desarrollo neoliberal impulsado por la extracción a nivel mundial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Brisbois
- University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada
| | | | - Bjorn Stime
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Isaac K Paz
- Universidad Andina Simon Bolivar, Sucre, Chuquisaca, Bolivia
| | | | | | | | | | - Lori Hanson
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Annalee Yassi
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Crosbie E, Schmidt L. Commentary on Hilton et al. (2020): Expanding social discourse analysis to gain traction on the broad commercial determinants of health. Addiction 2020; 115:2315-2316. [PMID: 32720419 DOI: 10.1111/add.15186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Crosbie
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV,, USA.,Ozmen Institute for Global Studies, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Laura Schmidt
- Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Anthropology, History and Social Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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McCarthy S, Thomas S, Pitt H, Daube M, Cassidy R. 'It's a tradition to go down to the pokies on your 18th birthday' - the normalisation of gambling for young women in Australia. Aust N Z J Public Health 2020; 44:376-381. [PMID: 32955744 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the range of factors that may influence the normalisation of gambling for young women in Victoria, Australia. METHODS In-depth qualitative telephone interviews with 45 women aged 18-34 years. RESULTS Young women were exposed to gambling environments and some were gambling from an early age. Family members were the key facilitators of these activities. Once reaching the legal age of gambling, peers and boyfriends were instrumental in young women's gambling practices. Women attributed the normalisation of gambling to excessive marketing, feminised gambling environments, and the widespread availability of gambling in the community. CONCLUSIONS This study found several factors that influenced and encouraged young women to gamble, such as the feminisation of gambling products and environments, and determined that gambling is becoming a socio-culturally accepted activity for young women. Implications for public health: Researchers and policymakers should be increasingly focused on how different forms of gambling may be normalised for young women. Attention should be given to how young women may become a target market for the gambling industry, and how to implement strategies aimed at preventing any future potential harm posed by these industries and their marketing tactics and products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone McCarthy
- Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Victoria
| | - Samantha Thomas
- Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Victoria.,Addictions Research Group, University of South Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Pitt
- Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Victoria
| | - Mike Daube
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Western Australia
| | - Rebecca Cassidy
- Department of Anthropology, Goldsmiths, University of London, United Kingdom
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Rochford C, Tenneti N, Moodie R. Reframing the impact of business on health: the interface of corporate, commercial, political and social determinants of health. BMJ Glob Health 2019; 4:e001510. [PMID: 31478013 PMCID: PMC6703283 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Connor Rochford
- Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Naveen Tenneti
- Nossal Institute for Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rob Moodie
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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