1
|
Hangel G, Schmitz‐Abecassis B, Sollmann N, Pinto J, Arzanforoosh F, Barkhof F, Booth T, Calvo‐Imirizaldu M, Cassia G, Chmelik M, Clement P, Ercan E, Fernández‐Seara MA, Furtner J, Fuster‐Garcia E, Grech‐Sollars M, Guven NT, Hatay GH, Karami G, Keil VC, Kim M, Koekkoek JAF, Kukran S, Mancini L, Nechifor RE, Özcan A, Ozturk‐Isik E, Piskin S, Schmainda KM, Svensson SF, Tseng C, Unnikrishnan S, Vos F, Warnert E, Zhao MY, Jancalek R, Nunes T, Hirschler L, Smits M, Petr J, Emblem KE. Advanced MR Techniques for Preoperative Glioma Characterization: Part 2. J Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 57:1676-1695. [PMID: 36912262 PMCID: PMC10947037 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Preoperative clinical MRI protocols for gliomas, brain tumors with dismal outcomes due to their infiltrative properties, still rely on conventional structural MRI, which does not deliver information on tumor genotype and is limited in the delineation of diffuse gliomas. The GliMR COST action wants to raise awareness about the state of the art of advanced MRI techniques in gliomas and their possible clinical translation. This review describes current methods, limits, and applications of advanced MRI for the preoperative assessment of glioma, summarizing the level of clinical validation of different techniques. In this second part, we review magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST), susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), MRI-PET, MR elastography (MRE), and MR-based radiomics applications. The first part of this review addresses dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI, arterial spin labeling (ASL), diffusion-weighted MRI, vessel imaging, and magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF). EVIDENCE LEVEL: 3. TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Hangel
- Department of NeurosurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for MR Imaging BiomarkersViennaAustria
- Medical Imaging ClusterMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Bárbara Schmitz‐Abecassis
- Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
- Medical Delta FoundationDelftthe Netherlands
| | - Nico Sollmann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologyUniversity Hospital UlmUlmGermany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der IsarTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- TUM‐Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum rechts der IsarTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Joana Pinto
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering ScienceUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear MedicineAmsterdam UMC, Vrije UniversiteitAmsterdamNetherlands
- Queen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image ComputingUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Thomas Booth
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Department of NeuroradiologyKing's College Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | | | | | - Marek Chmelik
- Department of Technical Disciplines in Medicine, Faculty of Health CareUniversity of PrešovPrešovSlovakia
| | - Patricia Clement
- Department of Diagnostic SciencesGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Department of Medical ImagingGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium
| | - Ece Ercan
- Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Maria A. Fernández‐Seara
- Department of RadiologyClínica Universidad de NavarraPamplonaSpain
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de NavarraPamplonaSpain
| | - Julia Furtner
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Research Center of Medical Image Analysis and Artificial IntelligenceDanube Private UniversityAustria
| | - Elies Fuster‐Garcia
- Biomedical Data Science Laboratory, Instituto Universitario de Tecnologías de la Información y ComunicacionesUniversitat Politècnica de ValènciaValenciaSpain
| | - Matthew Grech‐Sollars
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer ScienceUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital for Neurology and NeurosurgeryUniversity College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - N. Tugay Guven
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringBogazici University IstanbulIstanbulTurkey
| | - Gokce Hale Hatay
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringBogazici University IstanbulIstanbulTurkey
| | - Golestan Karami
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Vera C. Keil
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear MedicineAmsterdam UMC, Vrije UniversiteitAmsterdamNetherlands
- Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Mina Kim
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering and Department of NeuroinflammationUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Johan A. F. Koekkoek
- Department of NeurologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
- Department of NeurologyHaaglanden Medical CenterNetherlands
| | - Simran Kukran
- Department of BioengineeringImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Radiotherapy and ImagingInstitute of Cancer ResearchUK
| | - Laura Mancini
- Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital for Neurology and NeurosurgeryUniversity College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
- Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Ruben Emanuel Nechifor
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental HealthBabes‐Bolyai UniversityRomania
| | - Alpay Özcan
- Electrical and Electronics Engineering DepartmentBogazici University IstanbulIstanbulTurkey
| | - Esin Ozturk‐Isik
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringBogazici University IstanbulIstanbulTurkey
| | - Senol Piskin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Natural Sciences and EngineeringIstinye University IstanbulIstanbulTurkey
| | | | - Siri F. Svensson
- Department of Physics and Computational RadiologyOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Chih‐Hsien Tseng
- Medical Delta FoundationDelftthe Netherlands
- Department of Imaging PhysicsDelft University of TechnologyDelftthe Netherlands
| | - Saritha Unnikrishnan
- Faculty of Engineering and DesignAtlantic Technological University (ATU) SligoSligoIreland
- Mathematical Modelling and Intelligent Systems for Health and Environment (MISHE), ATU SligoSligoIreland
| | - Frans Vos
- Medical Delta FoundationDelftthe Netherlands
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear MedicineErasmus MCRotterdamNetherlands
- Department of Imaging PhysicsDelft University of TechnologyDelftthe Netherlands
| | - Esther Warnert
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear MedicineErasmus MCRotterdamNetherlands
| | - Moss Y. Zhao
- Department of RadiologyStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
- Stanford Cardiovascular InstituteStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Radim Jancalek
- Department of NeurosurgerySt. Anne's University HospitalBrnoCzechia
- Faculty of MedicineMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzechia
| | - Teresa Nunes
- Department of NeuroradiologyHospital Garcia de OrtaAlmadaPortugal
| | - Lydiane Hirschler
- C.J. Gorter MRI Center, Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Marion Smits
- Medical Delta FoundationDelftthe Netherlands
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear MedicineErasmus MCRotterdamNetherlands
- Brain Tumour CentreErasmus MC Cancer InstituteRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Jan Petr
- Helmholtz‐Zentrum Dresden‐RossendorfInstitute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchDresdenGermany
| | - Kyrre E. Emblem
- Department of Physics and Computational RadiologyOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hirschler L, Sollmann N, Schmitz‐Abecassis B, Pinto J, Arzanforoosh F, Barkhof F, Booth T, Calvo‐Imirizaldu M, Cassia G, Chmelik M, Clement P, Ercan E, Fernández‐Seara MA, Furtner J, Fuster‐Garcia E, Grech‐Sollars M, Guven NT, Hatay GH, Karami G, Keil VC, Kim M, Koekkoek JAF, Kukran S, Mancini L, Nechifor RE, Özcan A, Ozturk‐Isik E, Piskin S, Schmainda K, Svensson SF, Tseng C, Unnikrishnan S, Vos F, Warnert E, Zhao MY, Jancalek R, Nunes T, Emblem KE, Smits M, Petr J, Hangel G. Advanced MR Techniques for Preoperative Glioma Characterization: Part 1. J Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 57:1655-1675. [PMID: 36866773 PMCID: PMC10946498 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Preoperative clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols for gliomas, brain tumors with dismal outcomes due to their infiltrative properties, still rely on conventional structural MRI, which does not deliver information on tumor genotype and is limited in the delineation of diffuse gliomas. The GliMR COST action wants to raise awareness about the state of the art of advanced MRI techniques in gliomas and their possible clinical translation or lack thereof. This review describes current methods, limits, and applications of advanced MRI for the preoperative assessment of glioma, summarizing the level of clinical validation of different techniques. In this first part, we discuss dynamic susceptibility contrast and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, arterial spin labeling, diffusion-weighted MRI, vessel imaging, and magnetic resonance fingerprinting. The second part of this review addresses magnetic resonance spectroscopy, chemical exchange saturation transfer, susceptibility-weighted imaging, MRI-PET, MR elastography, and MR-based radiomics applications. Evidence Level: 3 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lydiane Hirschler
- C.J. Gorter MRI Center, Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Nico Sollmann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologyUniversity Hospital UlmUlmGermany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der IsarTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- TUM‐Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum rechts der IsarTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Bárbara Schmitz‐Abecassis
- Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Medical Delta FoundationDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Joana Pinto
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering ScienceUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear MedicineAmsterdam UMC, Vrije UniversiteitAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Queen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image ComputingUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Thomas Booth
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Department of NeuroradiologyKing's College Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | | | | | - Marek Chmelik
- Department of Technical Disciplines in Medicine, Faculty of Health CareUniversity of PrešovPrešovSlovakia
| | - Patricia Clement
- Department of Diagnostic SciencesGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Department of Medical ImagingGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium
| | - Ece Ercan
- Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Maria A. Fernández‐Seara
- Department of RadiologyClínica Universidad de NavarraPamplonaSpain
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de NavarraPamplonaSpain
| | - Julia Furtner
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Research Center of Medical Image Analysis and Artificial IntelligenceDanube Private UniversityKrems an der DonauAustria
| | - Elies Fuster‐Garcia
- Biomedical Data Science Laboratory, Instituto Universitario de Tecnologías de la Información y ComunicacionesUniversitat Politècnica de ValènciaValenciaSpain
| | - Matthew Grech‐Sollars
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer ScienceUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital for Neurology and NeurosurgeryUniversity College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Nazmiye Tugay Guven
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringBogazici University IstanbulIstanbulTurkey
| | - Gokce Hale Hatay
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringBogazici University IstanbulIstanbulTurkey
| | - Golestan Karami
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Vera C. Keil
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear MedicineAmsterdam UMC, Vrije UniversiteitAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Mina Kim
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering and Department of NeuroinflammationUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Johan A. F. Koekkoek
- Department of NeurologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Department of NeurologyHaaglanden Medical CenterThe HagueThe Netherlands
| | - Simran Kukran
- Department of BioengineeringImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Radiotherapy and ImagingInstitute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Laura Mancini
- Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital for Neurology and NeurosurgeryUniversity College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
- Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Ruben Emanuel Nechifor
- Department of Clinical Psychology and PsychotherapyInternational Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babes‐Bolyai UniversityCluj‐NapocaRomania
| | - Alpay Özcan
- Electrical and Electronics Engineering DepartmentBogazici University IstanbulIstanbulTurkey
| | - Esin Ozturk‐Isik
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringBogazici University IstanbulIstanbulTurkey
| | - Senol Piskin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Natural Sciences and EngineeringIstinye University IstanbulIstanbulTurkey
| | - Kathleen Schmainda
- Department of BiophysicsMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
| | - Siri F. Svensson
- Department of Physics and Computational RadiologyOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Chih‐Hsien Tseng
- Medical Delta FoundationDelftThe Netherlands
- Department of Imaging PhysicsDelft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Saritha Unnikrishnan
- Faculty of Engineering and DesignAtlantic Technological University (ATU) SligoSligoIreland
- Mathematical Modelling and Intelligent Systems for Health and Environment (MISHE), ATU SligoSligoIreland
| | - Frans Vos
- Medical Delta FoundationDelftThe Netherlands
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear MedicineErasmus MCRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Imaging PhysicsDelft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Esther Warnert
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear MedicineErasmus MCRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Moss Y. Zhao
- Department of RadiologyStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
- Stanford Cardiovascular InstituteStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Radim Jancalek
- Department of NeurosurgerySt. Anne's University Hospital, BrnoBrnoCzech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Teresa Nunes
- Department of NeuroradiologyHospital Garcia de OrtaAlmadaPortugal
| | - Kyrre E. Emblem
- Department of Physics and Computational RadiologyOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Marion Smits
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering ScienceUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear MedicineErasmus MCRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Brain Tumour CentreErasmus MC Cancer InstituteRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jan Petr
- Helmholtz‐Zentrum Dresden‐RossendorfInstitute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchDresdenGermany
| | - Gilbert Hangel
- Department of NeurosurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for MR Imaging BiomarkersViennaAustria
- Medical Imaging ClusterMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hahn G, Novak T, Crawford JC, Randolph AG, Lange C. Longitudinal Analysis of Contrasts in Gene Expression Data. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1134. [PMID: 37372314 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We are interested in detecting a departure from the baseline in a longitudinal analysis in the context of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). In particular, we are given gene expression reads at two time points for a fixed number of genes and individuals. The individuals can be subdivided into two groups, denoted as groups A and B. Using the two time points, we compute a contrast of gene expression reads per individual and gene. The age of each individual is known and it is used to compute, for each gene separately, a linear regression of the gene expression contrasts on the individual's age. Looking at the intercept of the linear regression to detect a departure from the baseline, we aim to reliably single out those genes for which there is a difference in the intercept among those individuals in group A and not in group B. In this work, we develop testing methodology for this setting based on two hypothesis tests-one under the null and one under an appropriately formulated alternative. We demonstrate the validity of our approach using a dataset created by bootstrapping from a real data application in the context of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Hahn
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tanya Novak
- Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Adrienne G Randolph
- Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christoph Lange
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Purpose A scene consisting of a white stimulus on a black background incorporates strong luminance contrast. When both stimulus and background receive different colors, luminance contrast decreases but color contrast increases. Here, we sought to characterize the pattern of stimulus salience across varying trade-offs of color and luminance contrasts by using the pupil light response. Methods Three experiments were conducted with 17, 16, and 17 healthy adults. For all experiments, a flickering stimulus (2 Hz; alternating color to black) was presented superimposed on a background with a complementary color to the stimulus (i.e., opponency colors in human color perception: blue and yellow for Experiment 1, red and green for Experiment 2, and equiluminant red and green for Experiment 3). Background luminance varied between 0% and 45% to trade off luminance and color contrast with the stimulus. By comparing the locus of the optimal trade-off between color and luminance across different color axes, we explored the generality of the trade-off. Results The strongest pupil responses were found when a substantial amount of color contrast was present (at the expense of luminance contrast). Pupil response amplitudes increased by 15% to 30% after the addition of color contrast. An optimal pupillary responsiveness was reached at a background luminance setting of 20% to 35% color contrast across several color axes. Conclusions These findings suggest that a substantial component of pupil light responses incorporates color processing. More sensitive pupil responses and more salient stimulus designs can be achieved by adding subtle levels of color contrast between stimulus and background. Translational Relevance More robust pupil responses will enhance tests of the visual field with pupil perimetry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brendan L. Portengen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Giorgio L. Porro
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia M. Imhof
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marnix Naber
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Loneliness—perceived social isolation—is defined as a discrepancy between existing social relationships and desired quality of relationships. Whereas most research has focused on existing relationships, we consider the standards against which people compare them. Participants who made downward social or temporal comparisons that depicted their contact with others as better (compared to other people’s contact or compared to the past) reported less loneliness than participants who made upward comparisons that depicted their contact with others as worse (Study 1–3). Extending these causal results, in a survey of British adults, upward social comparisons predicted current loneliness, even when controlling for loneliness at a previous point in time (Study 4). Finally, content analyses of interviews with American adults who lived alone showed that social and temporal comparisons about contact with others were both prevalent and linked to expressed loneliness (Study 5). These findings contribute to understanding the social cognition of loneliness, extend the effects of comparisons about social connection to the important public health problem of loneliness, and provide a novel tool for acutely manipulating loneliness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Arnold
- Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | - Eric Klinenberg
- Department of Management, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Piotr Winkielman
- Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,Department of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lortie CJ, Filazzola A. A contrast of meta and metafor packages for meta-analyses in R. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:10916-10921. [PMID: 33144936 PMCID: PMC7593135 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is extensive choice in R to support meta-analyses.Two packages in this ecosystem include meta and metafor and provide an excellent opportunity to apply a structured checklist previously developed for contrasts between R packages relevant to challenges in ecology and evolution.Meta is a direct, intuitive choice for rapid implementation of general meta-analytical statistics. Metafor is a comprehensive package best suited for relatively more complex models.Both packages provide estimates of heterogeneity, excellent visualization tools, and functions to explore publication bias.The package metafor has a steeper learning curve but greater rewards. Reference to the learning curve and capacities of the statistical software Stata provided a benchmark outside the R ecosystem and confirmed the consistency in statistics.The usefulness of meta-analyses is not just in the synthesis of the research but in the process of doing the scientific synthesis. Reporting of contrasts and checks for robust statistics is an important contribution to more transparent and reproducible scientific syntheses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Lortie
- Department of BiologyYork UniversityTorontoONCanada
- The National Center for Ecological Analysis and SynthesisUCSBSanta BarbaraCAUSA
| | - Alex Filazzola
- Biological SciencesUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pellegrino R, Cheon BK, Forde CG, Oleszkiewicz A, Pieniak M, Luckett CR. The contribution of texture contrasts and combinations to food acceptance across cultures. J Texture Stud 2019; 51:225-231. [PMID: 31697403 DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Texture has long been considered an important attribute for food acceptance. However, which specific textural characteristics contribute to overall acceptance of a food is not well understood. It has been suggested that texture contrasts and combinations are a universal feature in giving foods a desirable texture, yet this notion is largely based upon anecdotal data. This study uses multiple survey research methods to assess the importance of texture contrast and combinations across cultures (Poland, U.S.A., and Singapore). Participants (N = 288) completed a survey that included overt measures of food texture contrast importance as well as free response questions regarding texture. The overall importance of texture for food liking was not different across the populations. However, the participants from Singapore and Poland gave more importance to a desirable food having multiple textures than the U.S.A. cohort. When looking at free responses, participants were twice as likely to mention combinations (multiple textures) with a texture contrast when describing foods they liked, in comparison to foods they disliked. This was observed across all three cultures. However, the type and quantity of texture terms used within combinations were different among cultures. For instance, Singaporeans enjoyed more texturally diverse food combinations than the other two cultures. These findings highlight the importance of texture contrasts and combinations in three distinct cultures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Pellegrino
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee.,Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bobby K Cheon
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,School of Social Sciences (Psychology), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ciarán G Forde
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anna Oleszkiewicz
- Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Michal Pieniak
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Curtis R Luckett
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Stone GN, Nee S, Felsenstein J. Controlling for non-independence in comparative analysis of patterns across populations within species. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2011; 366:1410-24. [PMID: 21444315 PMCID: PMC3081573 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2010.0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
How do we quantify patterns (such as responses to local selection) sampled across multiple populations within a single species? Key to this question is the extent to which populations within species represent statistically independent data points in our analysis. Comparative analyses across species and higher taxa have long recognized the need to control for the non-independence of species data that arises through patterns of shared common ancestry among them (phylogenetic non-independence), as have quantitative genetic studies of individuals linked by a pedigree. Analyses across populations lacking pedigree information fall in the middle, and not only have to deal with shared common ancestry, but also the impact of exchange of migrants between populations (gene flow). As a result, phenotypes measured in one population are influenced by processes acting on others, and may not be a good guide to either the strength or direction of local selection. Although many studies examine patterns across populations within species, few consider such non-independence. Here, we discuss the sources of non-independence in comparative analysis, and show why the phylogeny-based approaches widely used in cross-species analyses are unlikely to be useful in analyses across populations within species. We outline the approaches (intraspecific contrasts, generalized least squares, generalized linear mixed models and autoregression) that have been used in this context, and explain their specific assumptions. We highlight the power of 'mixed models' in many contexts where problems of non-independence arise, and show that these allow incorporation of both shared common ancestry and gene flow. We suggest what can be done when ideal solutions are inaccessible, highlight the need for incorporation of a wider range of population models in intraspecific comparative methods and call for simulation studies of the error rates associated with alternative approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graham N Stone
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, The King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|