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Danti R, Barberini S, Di Lonardo V, Della Rocca G. Genotypic and environmental effect on male flower production in Cupressus sempervirens clones and selection of genotypes with reduced pollen emission. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1032200. [PMID: 36388535 PMCID: PMC9664152 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1032200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Common cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.) is widespread in the Mediterranean area and is frequently planted as ornamental tree in parks and gardens. Like other species of Cupressus, common cypress releases a significant amount of the total annual airborne pollen in most regions and is known as responsible for winter pollinosis. Although variation in the production and release of pollen has been observed among C. sempervirens trees growing in urban areas, no information is available on effects due to genotype × environment interaction on this trait. In this study more than 150 C. sempervirens clones were analyzed for two to four consecutive years in clonal orchards situated in central Italy to evaluate variations in the production of male cones. Variance component ANOVA underscored an important genetic control of male flowering, with high repeatability (from 0.80 to 0.95) found in single environments. Analysis for combined sites or years (in a single site) showed significant effect of environment and genotype × environment interaction on the total variance. Intra-trait genetic correlations between environments were moderate to high (from 0.40 to 0.92), which indicates that male cone production of clones is fairly consistent across years and sites. Of the 10 clones characterized by the lowest mean male cone production, three showed good stability across environments based on the linear regression coefficient and Wricke's ecovalence. The mean cone production of these 10 clones was 5 to 10 times lower than the mean production observed in the same environment. These clones have both ornamental and hypoallergenic traits and hold promise for designing green spaces with low allergy impact.
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Della Rocca G, Posarelli I, Morandi F, Tani C, Barberini S, Danti R, Moricca S, Papini A. Different Polyphenolic Parenchyma Cell and Phloem Axial Resin Duct-Like Structure Formation Rates in Cupressus sempervirens Clones Infected with Seiridium cardinale. Plant Dis 2021; 105:2801-2808. [PMID: 33904337 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-21-0098-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was the characterization of constitutive and induced defense mechanisms in the bark tissues of Cupressus sempervirens before and after infection with the bark fungus Seiridium cardinale, which is responsible for cypress canker disease. The time-course development of polyphenolic parenchyma (PP) cells and phloem axial resin duct (PARD)-like structures in the phloem was investigated in two C. sempervirens clones, one resistant and one susceptible to the disease, through anatomical and histological observations carried out by light microscope during a 19-day trial. PP cells were constitutively more abundant in the canker-resistant clone (R clone) compared with the susceptible clone (S clone), whereas PARD-like structures were not present in the bark of untreated plants of both clones. PP cells increased in both clones as a response to infection, but in the R clone, they were more abundant 5 and 12 days after inoculation. After inoculation, PARD-like structures appeared in the phloem after 5 days in the R clone and only after 12 days in the S clone. Even the number of cells surrounding the PARD-like structures was higher in the R clone 5 and 12 days after inoculation compared with the S clone. These observations demonstrate a faster phloem response of the R clone in the early phase of the infection. This may slow down initial growth of the fungus, contributing to the resistance mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Della Rocca
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - I Posarelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali, Università di Firenze, 50144 Firenze, Italy
| | - F Morandi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Firenze, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - C Tani
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Firenze, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - S Barberini
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - R Danti
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - S Moricca
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali, Università di Firenze, 50144 Firenze, Italy
| | - A Papini
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Firenze, 50121 Firenze, Italy
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Gelardi M, Trecca E, Fortunato F, Iannuzzi L, Ronca G, Quaranta N, Cassano M. COVID-19 lockdown and seasonal allergic rhinitis: our experience in 40 patients. Acta Biomed 2021; 92:e2021215. [PMID: 33988152 PMCID: PMC8182595 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v92i2.10953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this article was to study the course of seasonal allergic rhinitis during COVID-19 lockdown in order to understand if being quarantined at home for a long time can constitute a protective factor for allergic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Telehealth consultations were performed by the departments of Otolaryngology of Foggia and Bari University Hospitals. Participants took part in a phone interview and were asked about their sinonasal symptoms during the COVID-19 lockdown, by answering the sinonasal outcome test (I-SNOT-22) questionnaire. Further data concerning the medications used to treat allergy and the number of days per month in which they were used were collected. The responses about the COVID-19 lockdown were compared to those obtained by the same patients in our clinics the previous year. The statistical analysis was executed by using the paired sample t-test and the Bartlett test considering as significant values with p values <0.05. RESULTS Forty patients affected by cypress pollen allergy visited at Foggia and Bari University Hospitals were enrolled in this study. All I-SNOT-22 scores concerning the COVID-19 lockdown were lower than those of the previous year; moreover, 18 (81.8%) clinical parameters were statistically significant (p<0.05). Also, in regard to the treatment, results about COVID-19 lockdown were overall better than those of 2019, with 50% (n=3) of the investigated drugs, reporting statistical significance (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The present study was able to evidence the fundamental role of primary prevention in Allergology. Paradoxically, the home quarantine ordered by the Italian Government appeared to be an effective measure not only in the fight against COVID-19 but also against pollen exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Gelardi
- University Hospital of Foggia; Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery; Foggia, Italy.
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Pérez-Campos R, Fayos-Fernández J, Lozano-Guerrero AJ, Martínez-González A, Monzó-Cabrera J, Mediavilla I, Peña-Carro D, Esteban-Pascual LS. Permittivity Measurements for Cypress and Rockrose Biomass Versus Temperature, Density, and Moisture Content. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:E4684. [PMID: 32825176 DOI: 10.3390/s20174684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Permittivity of materials is of utmost importance for microwave applicators’ design and to predict high-frequency dielectric heating of materials. In the case of aromatic plant biomass, however, there are few data that help researchers design microwave applicators for microwave-assisted extraction. In this work, the permittivity of cypress and rockrose biomass samples were measured versus temperature, density, and moisture content. A resonant technique based on a coaxial bi-reentrant microwave cavity was employed to obtain the complex permittivity of biomass samples as a function of those magnitudes around the 2.45 GHz ISM frequency. The obtained measurements show that large variations for permittivity values can be found with moisture content and density changes for both cypress and rockrose biomass. Temperature also has effects in a lesser degree, although it has an important influence on the cypress biomass loss factor. Polynomial expressions fitting the experimental data were provided in order to facilitate the estimation of intermediate values, which were not explicitly arranged in this work. As a general trend, the permittivity of cypress and rockrose biomass increases with increasing values of moisture content and density, whereas the biomass loss factor increases when temperature rises.
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Abstract
Summary Cypress pollen allergy was virtually absent in Lombardy about 30 years ago. A 15-year clinical survey on cypress pollen sensitization and allergy in the area north of Milan reveals that both cypress pollen sensitization and allergy increased steadily from 2003 to 2017 along with the prevalence of clinical allergy over sensitization. The pollen concentration data, recorded up from 1995 showed a dramatic increase in cypress Annual Pollen Index up from the beginning of the new millennium. Cypress pollen represents now a relevant allergen source in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Asero
- Allergology Clinic, Clinica San Carlo, Paderno Dugnano, Milan, Italy
| | - V Ceriotti
- Igiene e Sanità Pubblica Milano Ovest UOC, ATS Città Metropolitana di Milano, Parabiago, Milan, Italy
| | - M Bonini
- Igiene e Sanità Pubblica Milano Ovest UOC, ATS Città Metropolitana di Milano, Parabiago, Milan, Italy
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Röseler STM, Baron JM, Höflich C, Merk HF, Bas M, Bier H, Dott W, Fietkau K, Hajdu Z, Kaiser L, Kraus T, Laven G, Moll-Slodowy S, Mücke HG, Straff W, Wurpts G, Yazdi AS, Chaker A, Balakirski G. "New" inhalant plant allergens. Allergol Select 2020; 4:1-10. [PMID: 32357199 PMCID: PMC7189803 DOI: 10.5414/alx02066e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific IgE measurements obtained from patients suffering from respiratory allergy (n = 952) show that, despite similar climatic conditions, there are clear regional differences in pollen sensitization between North Rhine-Westphalia and Bavaria. The data on sensitization levels and pollen concentration was taken from the research and development project Ufoplan 3710 61 228 of the German Environment Agency for North Rhine-Westphalia and Bavaria (2011 - 2014). Most poly-sensitized patients have already shown sensitization, both in the form of cross-reactivity and species-specific sensitization, to "new" pollen allergens, such as Bermuda grass and olive tree. These plants are currently not common in Germany, but may become considerably more widespread due to the increase in average yearly temperatures caused by the global warming. The other "new" aeroallergens discussed here are plants that can be found throughout Germany, such as nettle, cypress, and pine. Their current sensitization levels are higher than 8%; however, their clinical impact appears to be underestimated. For clinical practice it is important to identify when patients' symptoms are typically severe and which regional plants might be responsible for the patients' complaints in this period of time, as this affects further diagnostic strategy. Allergens having an immune effect can then be targeted by specific immunotherapies. The information on complaints of the patients should be regularly recorded in symptom diaries. Recording this information for at least 1 year may allow to discover a correlation between specific types of pollen and allergy symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefani T M Röseler
- Department of Pneumology, Allergology, Sleep and Respiratory Medicine, Augustinians Hospital, Cologne
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, Aachen
| | - Jens M Baron
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, Aachen
| | - Conny Höflich
- Federal Environment Agency, Section II 1.5 Environmental Medicine and Health Effects Assessment, Berlin
| | - Hans F Merk
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, Aachen
| | - Murat Bas
- Otorhinolaryngology Practice, Ottobrunn
| | - Henning Bier
- Department of Pneumology, Allergology, Sleep and Respiratory Medicine, Augustinians Hospital, Cologne
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, Aachen
- Federal Environment Agency, Section II 1.5 Environmental Medicine and Health Effects Assessment, Berlin
- Otorhinolaryngology Practice, Ottobrunn
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, Aachen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Helios-Amper Clinic Dachau, Dachau
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, and
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Dott
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, Aachen
| | - Katharina Fietkau
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, Aachen
| | - Zuzanna Hajdu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Helios-Amper Clinic Dachau, Dachau
| | - Lorraine Kaiser
- Federal Environment Agency, Section II 1.5 Environmental Medicine and Health Effects Assessment, Berlin
| | - Thomas Kraus
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, Aachen
| | - Gottfried Laven
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, Aachen
| | - Silke Moll-Slodowy
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, Aachen
| | - Hans-Guido Mücke
- Federal Environment Agency, Section II 1.5 Environmental Medicine and Health Effects Assessment, Berlin
| | - Wolfgang Straff
- Federal Environment Agency, Section II 1.5 Environmental Medicine and Health Effects Assessment, Berlin
| | - Gerda Wurpts
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, Aachen
| | - Amir S Yazdi
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, Aachen
| | - Adam Chaker
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, and
| | - Galina Balakirski
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, Aachen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Wang XY, Ning HY, Chu SM, Jiang L, Pang YJ, Jin WT, Wang SQ, Wang XY. [An analysis of spectrum of allergen sensitization among patients with tree pollen allergy in Beijing]. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2017; 31:1819-1823. [PMID: 29798395 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2017.23.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective:To explore the feature of allergic sensitization of tree pollen and the relationship between tree pollen and airborne pollen in Beijing. Method:Two thousand five hundred and twenty-one patients with allergic diseases were enrolled between January to July in 2017 in an allergy department. All patients received SPT of 8 kinds of tree pollen. Result:①The overall tree pollen positive rate of SPT was 49.3% (1 244/2 521). Male had a higher positive rate than female (56.4% vs 45.0%, P<0.01) while child group had a higher positive rate than adult group (55.9% vs 48.6%, P<0.05). The poly sensitization was observed with a rate of 26.3%, take the percentage of 53.3% of the overall positive subjects. ②The highest sensitization rate was found in March (62.2%), followed by May (52.1%), the lowest was January (27.9%). There was a positive correlation between tree pollen sensitization rate and pollen count of each month (r=0.929, P<0.01). ③Cypress had the highest positive rate (34.6%), followed by poplar (21.3%), the lowest was sophora (13.3%). The sensitization rate was positively correlated with pollen count among different tree pollen (r=0.714, P<0.05). Conclusion:The main allergic pollen in Beijing was cypress. The tree pollen sensitization showed a seasonality with the peak in March. The sensitization status was tightly associated with the amount of airborne pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Y Wang
- Department of Allergy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing,100038, China
| | - H Y Ning
- Department of Allergy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing,100038, China
| | - S M Chu
- Department of Allergy, People's Hospital of Keerqin District, Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia
| | - L Jiang
- Department of Allergy, People's Hospital of Keerqin District, Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia
| | - Y J Pang
- Department of Allergy, People's Hospital of Zhangbei City, Zhangjiakou
| | - W T Jin
- Department of Allergy, People's Hospital of Zhangbei City, Zhangjiakou
| | - S Q Wang
- Department of Allergy, People's Hospital of Keerqin District, Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia
| | - X Y Wang
- Department of Allergy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing,100038, China
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Stierle AA, Stierle DB. Bioactive Secondary Metabolites Produced by the Fungal Endophytes of Conifers. Nat Prod Commun 2015; 10:1671-1682. [PMID: 26669101 PMCID: PMC5156325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This is a review of bioactive secondary metabolites isolated from conifer-associated endophytic fungi from 1990-2014. This includes compounds with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and cytotoxic activity towards human cancer cell lines, and activity against either plant pathogens or plant insect pests. Compounds that were originally reported without associated activity were included if other studies ascribed activity to these compounds. Compounds were not included if they were exclusively phytotoxic or if they were isolated from active extracts but were not determined to be the active component of that extract.
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Kim ES, Kang SY, Kim YH, Lee YE, Choi NY, You YO, Kim KJ. Chamaecyparis obtusa Essential Oil Inhibits Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation and Expression of Virulence Factors. J Med Food 2015; 18:810-7. [PMID: 25923444 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.3309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has caused difficulty in treating infectious diseases. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most commonly recognized antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Novel antibiotics are urgently required to treat these bacteria. Raw materials derived from natural sources can be used for the development of novel antibiotics, such as Chamaecyparis obtusa (C. obtusa), which has been traditionally used in treating asthmatic disease. In this study, the antibacterial activity of the essential oil (EO) extracted from C. obtusa leaves against MRSA was investigated. MRSA growth and acid production from glucose metabolism were inhibited at concentrations greater than 0.1 mg/mL C. obtusa EO. MRSA biofilm formation was observed using scanning electron microscopy and safranin staining. C. obtusa EO inhibited MRSA biofilm formation at concentrations greater than 0.1 mg/mL. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction, mRNA expression of virulence factor genes, sea, agrA, and sarA, was observed. agrA expression was inhibited with C. obtusa EO concentrations greater than 0.2 mg/mL, whereas inhibition of sea and sarA expression was also observed at a concentration of 0.3 mg/mL. C. obtusa EO was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC coupled for mass spectrometry, which identified 59 constituents, accounting to 98.99% of the total EO. These findings suggest that C. obtusa EO has antibacterial effects against MRSA, which might be associated with the major components of C. obtusa EO, such as sabinene (19.06%), α-terpinyl acetate (16.99%), bornyl acetate (10.48%), limonene (8.54%), elemol (7.47%), myrcene (5.86%), γ-terpinene (4.04%), and hibaene (3.01%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Sook Kim
- 1 Wonkwang Research Institute for Food Industry, Wonkwang University , Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Sun-Young Kang
- 2 Department of Oral Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University , Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Young-Hoi Kim
- 3 Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University , Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Young-Eun Lee
- 1 Wonkwang Research Institute for Food Industry, Wonkwang University , Jeonbuk, Korea.,4 Department of Food and Nutrition, Wonkwang University , Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Na-Young Choi
- 5 College of Education, Wonkwang University , Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Yong-Ouk You
- 1 Wonkwang Research Institute for Food Industry, Wonkwang University , Jeonbuk, Korea.,2 Department of Oral Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University , Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Kang-Ju Kim
- 6 Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry; Wonkwang University , Jeonbuk, Korea
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