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Tanemoto S, Sujino T, Miyamoto K, Moody J, Yoshimatsu Y, Ando Y, Koya I, Harada Y, Tojo AO, Ono K, Hayashi Y, Takabayashi K, Okabayashi K, Teratani T, Mikami Y, Nakamoto N, Hosoe N, Ogata H, Hon CC, Shin JW, Kanai T. Single-cell transcriptomics of human gut T cells identifies cytotoxic CD4 +CD8A + T cells related to mouse CD4 cytotoxic T cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:977117. [PMID: 36353619 PMCID: PMC9639511 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.977117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic CD4+ T cells (CD4-CTLs) show the presence of cytolytic granules, which include the enzymes granzyme and perforin. The cells have a pathogenic and protective role in various diseases, including cancer, viral infection, and autoimmune disease. In mice, cytotoxic CD4+ T cells express CD8αα+ and reside in the intestine (mouse CD4+CTLs; mCD4-CTLs). The population of cytotoxic CD4+ T cells in the human intestine is currently unknown. Moreover, it is unclear how cytotoxic CD4 T cells change in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Here, we aimed to identify cytotoxic CD4+ T cells in the human intestine and analyze the characteristics of the population in patients with IBD using single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq). In CD4+ T cells, granzyme and perforin expression was high in humanMAIT (hMAIT) cells and hCD4+CD8A+ T cell cluster. Both CD4 and CD8A were expressed in hTreg, hMAIT, and hCD4+CD8A+ T cell clusters. Next we performed fast gene set enrichment analysis to identify cell populations that showed homology to mCD4CTLs. The analysis identified the hCD4+CD8A+ T cell cluster (hCTL-like population; hCD4-CTL) similar to mouse CTLs. The percentage of CD4+CD8A+ T cells among the total CD4+ T cells in the inflamed intestine of the patients with Crohn's disease was significantly reduced compared with that in the noninflamed intestine of the patients. In summary, we identified cytotoxic CD4+CD8+ T cells in the small intestine of humans. The integration of the mouse and human sc-RNA-seq data analysis highlight an approach to identify human cell populations related to mouse cell populations, which may help determine the functional properties of several human cell populations in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Tanemoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Sujino
- Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy , Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Miyamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Laboratory, Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jonathan Moody
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Genomic Information Analysis, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yoshimatsu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Ando
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Genomic Information Analysis, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ikuko Koya
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Genomic Information Analysis, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yosuke Harada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anna Okuzawa Tojo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Ono
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukie Hayashi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Takabayashi
- Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy , Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Okabayashi
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Teratani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Mikami
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nakamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Hosoe
- Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy , Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Ogata
- Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy , Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chung-Chau Hon
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Genomic Information Analysis, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jay W. Shin
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Genomic Information Analysis, Yokohama, Japan
- Laboratory of Regulatory Genomics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Hoeks C, Vanheusden M, Peeters LM, Stinissen P, Broux B, Hellings N. Treg-Resistant Cytotoxic CD4 + T Cells Dictate T Helper Cells in Their Vicinity: TH17 Skewing and Modulation of Proliferation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5660. [PMID: 34073458 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic CD4+ T cells (CD4 CTL) are terminally differentiated T helper cells that contribute to autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis. We developed a novel triple co-culture transwell assay to study mutual interactions between CD4 CTL, conventional TH cells, and regulatory T cells (Tregs) simultaneously. We show that, while CD4 CTL are resistant to suppression by Tregs in vitro, the conditioned medium of CD4 CTL accentuates the suppressive phenotype of Tregs by upregulating IL-10, Granzyme B, CTLA-4, and PD-1. We demonstrate that CD4 CTL conditioned medium skews memory TH cells to a TH17 phenotype, suggesting that the CD4 CTL induce bystander polarization. In our triple co-culture assay, the CD4 CTL secretome promotes the proliferation of TH cells, even in the presence of Tregs. However, when cell−cell contact is established between CD4 CTL and TH cells, the proliferation of TH cells is no longer increased and Treg-mediated suppression is restored. Taken together, our results suggest that when TH cells acquire cytotoxic properties, these Treg-resistant CD4 CTL affect the proliferation and phenotype of conventional TH cells in their vicinity. By creating such a pro-inflammatory microenvironment, CD4 CTL may favor their own persistence and expansion, and that of other potentially pathogenic TH cells, thereby contributing to pathogenic responses in autoimmune disorders.
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Abstract
How does the immune system tailor effector function to particular threats? Krueger et al. reveal that infection with Salmonella enterica (SE), but not with influenza A virus (IAV), drives interleukin (IL)-12-dependent outgrowth of interferon (IFN)-γhi type 1 T helper (Th1) cells, leading to superior protection against this phagosomal pathogen. Among these cells are ZEB2-dependent cytotoxic Th1 cells marked by CX3CR1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania H Watts
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada.
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Brentville VA, Atabani S, Cook K, Durrant LG. Novel tumour antigens and the development of optimal vaccine design. Ther Adv Vaccines Immunother 2018; 6:31-47. [PMID: 29998219 DOI: 10.1177/2515135518768769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay between tumours and the immune system has long been known to involve complex interactions between tumour cells, immune cells and the tumour microenvironment. The progress of checkpoint inhibitors in the clinic in the last decade has highlighted again the role of the immune system in the fight against cancer. Numerous efforts have been undertaken to develop ways of stimulating the cellular immune response to eradicate tumours. These interventions include the identification of appropriate tumour antigens as targets for therapy. In this review, we summarize progress in selection of target tumour antigen. Targeting self antigens has the problem of thymic deletion of high-affinity T-cell responses leaving a diminished repertoire of low-affinity T cells that fail to kill tumour cells. Thymic regulation appears to be less stringent for differentiation of cancer-testis antigens, as many tumour rejection antigens fall into this category. More recently, targeting neo-epitopes or post-translational modifications such as a phosphorylation or stress-induced citrullination has shown great promise in preclinical studies. Of particular interest is that the responses can be mediated by both CD4 and CD8 T cells. Previous vaccines have targeted CD8 T-cell responses but more recently, the central role of CD4 T cells in orchestrating inflammation within tumours and also differentiating into potent killer cells has been recognized. The design of vaccines to induce such immune responses is discussed herein. Liposomally encoded ribonucleic acid (RNA), targeted deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or long peptides linked to toll-like receptor (TLR) adjuvants are the most promising new vaccine approaches. These exciting new approaches suggest that the 'Holy Grail' of a simple nontoxic cancer vaccine may be on the horizon. A major hurdle in tumour therapy is also to overcome the suppressive tumour environment. We address current progress in combination therapies and suggest that these are likely to show the most promise for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suha Atabani
- Academic Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Katherine Cook
- Academic Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Lindy G Durrant
- Scancell Limited, Academic Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Nottingham, City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Chansavath Phetsouphanh
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Shiv Pillai
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - John J Zaunders
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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