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Zheng Z, Huang X, Wang N, Wang T, Zhou L, Xu Z, Chen G, Cao W, Hao H. Hydration Mechanism and Its Effect on the Solubility of Aripiprazole. Pharm Res 2024; 41:113-127. [PMID: 37833571 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03618-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
PROPOSE The propose is to investigate the reasons for the insolubility of Form III in water and to explore the mechanism of the hydration process of Form III. METHODS The conformational and cohesive energies of Form III and Form H1 were calculated using Gaussian 16 and Crystal Explorer 17. Gaussian 16 and Multiwfn 3.8 was used to calculate the molecular surface electrostatic potential of Form III and Form H1 and to calculate the energies of the stronger intermolecular interactions in the crystal structure. The behaviors of Form III in water were simulated using Gromacs 2020.6. Finally, the hydration process from Form III to Form H1 was monitored in situ using Raman spectroscopy. RESULTS The conformational energies of Form III and H1 are almost the same. The cohesion energy of Form H1 is much larger than that of Form III because both number of hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions are higher in the Form H1. During the simulation, the supercell of APZ form a supramolecular cluster. Several molecules manually dismantled from the cluster spontaneously combine to form new molecular clusters. Both increases in temperature and external energy input accelerate the hydration process. CONCLUSIONS More hydrogen bonds and strong van der Waals interactions in Form H1 lead to a greater stability. The overall decrease in polarity and the strong binding effect on APZ molecule clusters due to intermolecular interactions lead to the water insolubility of Form III. The hydration process from Form III to Form H1 follows a novel, dandelion sowing-like hydration mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Zheng
- The National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xin Huang
- The National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China.
- Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, China.
| | - Na Wang
- The National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ting Wang
- The National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Lina Zhou
- The National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhao Xu
- The National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Guibin Chen
- Zhejiang Sundoc Pharmaceutical Science and Tech Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China, 310051, Zhejiang
| | - Wan Cao
- Zhejiang Sundoc Pharmaceutical Science and Tech Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China, 310051, Zhejiang
| | - Hongxun Hao
- The National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China.
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