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Abbott WM, Murray CP, Ní Lochlainn S, Bello F, Zhong C, Smith C, McCarthy EK, Downing C, Daly D, Petford-Long AK, McGuinness C, Chunin II, Donegan JF, McCloskey D. Comparison of Metal Adhesion Layers for Au Films in Thermoplasmonic Applications. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:13503-13509. [PMID: 32096978 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b22279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
If thermoplasmonic applications such as heat-assisted magnetic recording are to be commercially viable, it is necessary to optimize both thermal stability and plasmonic performance of the devices involved. In this work, a variety of different adhesion layers were investigated for their ability to reduce dewetting of sputtered 50 nm Au films on SiO2 substrates. Traditional adhesion layer metals Ti and Cr were compared with alternative materials of Al, Ta, and W. Film dewetting was shown to increase when the adhesion material diffuses through the Au layer. An adhesion layer thickness of 0.5 nm resulted in superior thermomechanical stability for all adhesion metals, with an enhancement factor of up to 200× over 5 nm thick analogues. The metals were ranked by their effectiveness in inhibiting dewetting, starting with the most effective, in the order Ta > Ti > W > Cr > Al. Finally, the Au surface-plasmon polariton response was compared for each adhesion layer, and it was found that 0.5 nm adhesion layers produced the best response, with W being the optimal adhesion layer material for plasmonic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Abbott
- School of Physics, CRANN and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | | - Sorcha Ní Lochlainn
- School of Physics, CRANN and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Frank Bello
- School of Physics, CRANN and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Chuan Zhong
- School of Physics, CRANN and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Christopher Smith
- School of Physics, CRANN and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Eoin K McCarthy
- Advanced Microscopy Laboratory & AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Clive Downing
- Advanced Microscopy Laboratory & AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Dermot Daly
- Advanced Microscopy Laboratory & AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Amanda K Petford-Long
- Material Science Division. Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Cormac McGuinness
- School of Physics, CRANN and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | | - John F Donegan
- School of Physics, CRANN and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - David McCloskey
- School of Physics, CRANN and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Klesse G, Rao S, Sansom MSP, Tucker SJ. CHAP: A Versatile Tool for the Structural and Functional Annotation of Ion Channel Pores. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:3353-3365. [PMID: 31220459 PMCID: PMC6699600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The control of ion channel permeation requires the modulation of energetic barriers or “gates” within their pores. However, such barriers are often simply identified from the physical dimensions of the pore. Such approaches have worked well in the past, but there is now evidence that the unusual behavior of water within narrow hydrophobic pores can produce an energetic barrier to permeation without requiring steric occlusion of the pathway. Many different ion channels have now been shown to exploit “hydrophobic gating” to regulate ion flow, and it is clear that new tools are required for more accurate functional annotation of the increasing number of ion channel structures becoming available. We have previously shown how molecular dynamics simulations of water can be used as a proxy to predict hydrophobic gates, and we now present a new and highly versatile computational tool, the Channel Annotation Package (CHAP) that implements this methodology. Some ion channels exhibit hydrophobic gating via dewetting of the central pore. This cannot be predicted from their pore radius alone. The hydrophobicity of a pore contributes to this dewetting effect. We have developed a new tool (CHAP) that combines these measurements. CHAP now enables the rapid functional annotation of ion channel structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Klesse
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, UK; Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Shanlin Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, UK
| | | | - Stephen J Tucker
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, UK; OXION Initiative in Ion Channels and Disease, University of Oxford, UK.
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Chelazzi D, Giorgi R, Baglioni P. Microemulsions, Micelles, and Functional Gels: How Colloids and Soft Matter Preserve Works of Art. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:7296-7303. [PMID: 29214696 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Colloid science provides fundamental knowledge to fields such as the pharmaceutical, detergency, paint, and food industry. An exciting application is art conservation, which poses a challenge owing to the complex range of interfacial interactions involved in restoring artefacts. Currently, the majority of the most performing and environmentally safe cleaning and consolidation agents for artworks belong to soft matter and colloids. The development and application of increasingly complex systems, from microemulsions to semi-interpenetrating hydrogels containing such fluids, is presented. These systems have been used on diverse artefacts, from Renaissance frescos to works by Picasso and Pollock. Chemical design can be implemented to meet the requirements of curators, and knowledge of the colloid structure and dynamics can overcome serendipitous approaches of traditional conservation practice. Future perspectives for soft matter and colloid science in the field of cultural heritage preservation are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Chelazzi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence and CSGI-Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Rodorico Giorgi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence and CSGI-Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Piero Baglioni
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence and CSGI-Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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