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Liu M, Zheng H, Cai M, Leung KMY, Li Y, Yan M, Zhang Z, Zhang K, Chen M, Ke H. Ocean Stratification Impacts on Dissolved Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs): From Global Observation to Deep Learning. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:18339-18349. [PMID: 37651694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Ocean stratification plays a crucial role in many biogeochemical processes of dissolved matter, but our understanding of its impact on widespread organic pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), remains limited. By analyzing dissolved PAHs collected from global oceans and marginal seas, we found different patterns in vertical distributions of PAHs in relation to ocean primary productivity and stratification index. Notably, a significant positive logarithmic relationship (R2 = 0.50, p < 0.05) was observed between the stratification index and the PAH stock. To further investigate the impact of ocean stratification on PAHs, we developed a deep learning neural network model. This model incorporated input variables determining the state of the seawater or the stock of PAHs. The modeled PAH stocks displayed substantial agreement with the observed values (R2 ≥ 0.92), suggesting that intensified stratification could prompt the accumulation of PAHs in the water column. Given the amplified effect of global warming, it is imperative to give more attention to increased ocean stratification and its impact on the environmental fate of organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Haowen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P. R. China
| | - Minggang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P. R. China
| | - Kenneth M Y Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Li
- Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
| | - Meng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zifeng Zhang
- Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Meng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P. R. China
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Ong AKS, Prasetyo YT, Tayao KNM, Mariñas KA, Ayuwati ID, Nadlifatin R, Persada SF. Socio-Economic Factors Affecting Member's Satisfaction towards National Health Insurance: An Evidence from the Philippines. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:15395. [PMID: 36430114 PMCID: PMC9691134 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The National Health Insurance, "PhilHealth", is the healthcare provider for Filipino citizens in the Philippines. The study focused on determining the effects of members' satisfaction with PhilHealth among Filipino members. The study utilized 10 latent variables from the integrated Service Quality (SERVQUAL) and Expectation-Confirmation Theory (ECT). There are 500 respondents that are used and analyzed through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and a Deep Learning Neural Network (DLNN). Utilizing SEM, it was revealed that Reliability, Responsiveness, Socio-Economic Factors, Expectation, Perceived Performance, Confirmation of Beliefs, and Members' Satisfaction are significant factors in the satisfaction of PhilHealth members. Utilizing DLNN, it was found that Expectation (EX) is the most significant factor, and it is consistent with the results of the SEM. The government can use the findings of this study for the improvement of PhilHealth. The framework that is used for the analysis can be extended and can apply to future research with regard to its provided services. The overall results, framework, and concept utilized may be applied by other service industries worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardvin Kester S. Ong
- School of Industrial Engineering and Engineering & Management, Mapua University, 658 Muralla St., In-Tramuros, Manila 1102, Philippines
| | - Yogi Tri Prasetyo
- School of Industrial Engineering and Engineering & Management, Mapua University, 658 Muralla St., In-Tramuros, Manila 1102, Philippines
- International Program in Engineering for Bachelor, Yuan Ze University, 135 Yuan-Tung Road, Chung-Li 32003, Taiwan
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Yuan Ze University, 135 Yuan-Tung Road, Chung-Li 32003, Taiwan
| | - Kate Nicole M. Tayao
- School of Industrial Engineering and Engineering & Management, Mapua University, 658 Muralla St., In-Tramuros, Manila 1102, Philippines
| | - Klint Allen Mariñas
- School of Industrial Engineering and Engineering & Management, Mapua University, 658 Muralla St., In-Tramuros, Manila 1102, Philippines
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | | | - Reny Nadlifatin
- Department of Information Systems, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
| | - Satria Fadil Persada
- Entrepreneurship Department, BINUS Business School Undergraduate Program, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta 11480, Indonesia
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Limbu S, Dakshanamurthy S. Predicting Chemical Carcinogens Using a Hybrid Neural Network Deep Learning Method. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:s22218185. [PMID: 36365881 PMCID: PMC9653664 DOI: 10.3390/s22218185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Determining environmental chemical carcinogenicity is urgently needed as humans are increasingly exposed to these chemicals. In this study, we developed a hybrid neural network (HNN) method called HNN-Cancer to predict potential carcinogens of real-life chemicals. The HNN-Cancer included a new SMILES feature representation method by modifying our previous 3D array representation of 1D SMILES simulated by the convolutional neural network (CNN). We developed binary classification, multiclass classification, and regression models based on diverse non-congeneric chemicals. Along with the HNN-Cancer model, we developed models based on the random forest (RF), bootstrap aggregating (Bagging), and adaptive boosting (AdaBoost) methods for binary and multiclass classification. We developed regression models using HNN-Cancer, RF, support vector regressor (SVR), gradient boosting (GB), kernel ridge (KR), decision tree with AdaBoost (DT), KNeighbors (KN), and a consensus method. The performance of the models for all classifications was assessed using various statistical metrics. The accuracy of the HNN-Cancer, RF, and Bagging models were 74%, and their AUC was ~0.81 for binary classification models developed with 7994 chemicals. The sensitivity was 79.5% and the specificity was 67.3% for the HNN-Cancer, which outperforms the other methods. In the case of multiclass classification models with 1618 chemicals, we obtained the optimal accuracy of 70% with an AUC 0.7 for HNN-Cancer, RF, Bagging, and AdaBoost, respectively. In the case of regression models, the correlation coefficient (R) was around 0.62 for HNN-Cancer and RF higher than the SVM, GB, KR, DTBoost, and NN machine learning methods. Overall, the HNN-Cancer performed better for the majority of the known carcinogen experimental datasets. Further, the predictive performance of HNN-Cancer on diverse chemicals is comparable to the literature-reported models that included similar and less diverse molecules. Our HNN-Cancer could be used in identifying potentially carcinogenic chemicals for a wide variety of chemical classes.
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Liang WY, Juang JG. Application of image identification to UAV control for cage culture. Sci Prog 2022; 105:368504221135450. [PMID: 36384336 PMCID: PMC10358577 DOI: 10.1177/00368504221135450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to save manpower and reduce costs on water quality measurement in cage culture. An unmanned aerial vehicle system was applied to locate the target net cage and detect the water quality and temperature in the desired cage automatically. This paper presents the use of image recognition and deep learning to find a predefined target location of cage aquaculture. The whole drone control and image recognition process was based on an onboard computer and was successfully realized in an actual environment. When the drone approached the net cage, image recognition was utilized to fix the position of the unmanned aerial vehicle on the net cage and drop a sensor to check the water quality. The proposed system could improve conventional manned measurement methods and reduce the costs of cage culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yi Liang
- Department of Communications, Navigation and Control Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Gau Juang
- Department of Communications, Navigation and Control Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
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Ong AKS, Chuenyindee T, Prasetyo YT, Nadlifatin R, Persada SF, Gumasing MJJ, German JD, Robas KPE, Young MN, Sittiwatethanasiri T. Utilization of Random Forest and Deep Learning Neural Network for Predicting Factors Affecting Perceived Usability of a COVID-19 Contact Tracing Mobile Application in Thailand "ThaiChana". Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:6111. [PMID: 35627647 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The continuous rise of the COVID-19 Omicron cases despite the vaccination program available has been progressing worldwide. To mitigate the COVID-19 contraction, different contact tracing applications have been utilized such as Thai Chana from Thailand. This study aimed to predict factors affecting the perceived usability of Thai Chana by integrating the Protection Motivation Theory and Technology Acceptance Theory considering the System Usability Scale, utilizing deep learning neural network and random forest classifier. A total of 800 respondents were collected through convenience sampling to measure different factors such as understanding COVID-19, perceived severity, perceived vulnerability, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitude towards using, intention to use, actual system use, and perceived usability. In total, 97.32% of the deep learning neural network showed that understanding COVID-19 presented the most significant factor affecting perceived usability. In addition, random forest classifier produced a 92% accuracy with a 0.00 standard deviation indicating that understanding COVID-19 and perceived vulnerability led to a very high perceived usability while perceived severity and perceived ease of use also led to a high perceived usability. The findings of this study could be considered by the government to promote the usage of contact tracing applications even in other countries. Finally, deep learning neural network and random forest classifier as machine learning algorithms may be utilized for predicting factors affecting human behavior in technology or system acceptance worldwide.
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Kanwal S, Khan F, Alamri S, Dashtipur K, Gogate M. COVID-opt-aiNet: A clinical decision support system for COVID-19 detection. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 2022; 32:444-461. [PMID: 35465215 PMCID: PMC9015255 DOI: 10.1002/ima.22695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has had a major and sometimes lethal effect on global public health. COVID-19 detection is a difficult task that necessitates the use of intelligent diagnosis algorithms. Numerous studies have suggested the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques to detect COVID-19 infection in patients through chest X-ray image analysis. The use of medical imaging with different modalities for COVID-19 detection has become an important means of containing the spread of this disease. However, medical images are not sufficiently adequate for routine clinical use; there is, therefore, an increasing need for AI to be applied to improve the diagnostic performance of medical image analysis. Regrettably, due to the evolving nature of the COVID-19 global epidemic, the systematic collection of a large data set for deep neural network (DNN)/ML training is problematic. Inspired by these studies, and to aid in the medical diagnosis and control of this contagious disease, we suggest a novel approach that ensembles the feature selection capability of the optimized artificial immune networks (opt-aiNet) algorithm with deep learning (DL) and ML techniques for better prediction of the disease. In this article, we experimented with a DNN, a convolutional neural network (CNN), bidirectional long-short-term memory, a support vector machine (SVM), and logistic regression for the effective detection of COVID-19 in patients. We illustrate the effectiveness of this proposed technique by using COVID-19 image datasets with a variety of modalities. An empirical study using the COVID-19 image dataset demonstrates that the proposed hybrid approaches, named COVID-opt-aiNet, improve classification accuracy by up to 98%-99% for SVM, 96%-97% for DNN, and 70.85%-71% for CNN, to name a few examples. Furthermore, statistical analysis ensures the validity of our proposed algorithms. The source code can be downloaded from Github: https://github.com/faizakhan1925/COVID-opt-aiNet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summrina Kanwal
- Department of Computing and InformaticsSaudi Electronic UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Faiza Khan
- Faculty of ComputingRiphah International UniversityIslamabadPakistan
| | - Sultan Alamri
- Department of Computing and InformaticsSaudi Electronic UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Kia Dashtipur
- James Watt School of EngineeringUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Mandar Gogate
- School of Computing, Merchiston Campus, Edinburgh Napier UniversityEdinburghUK
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Shawki MM, Azmy MM, Salama M, Shawki S. Mathematical and deep learning analysis based on tissue dielectric properties at low frequencies predict outcome in human breast cancer. Technol Health Care 2021; 30:633-645. [PMID: 34366303 DOI: 10.3233/thc-213096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The early detection of human breast cancer represents a great chance of survival. Malignant tissues have more water content and higher electrolytes concentration while they have lower fat content than the normal. These cancer biochemical characters provide malignant tissue with high electric permittivity (ε´) and conductivity (σ). OBJECTIVE To examine if the dielectric behavior of normal and malignant tissues at low frequencies (α dispersion) will lead to the threshold (separating) line between them and find the threshold values of capacitance and resistance. These data are used as input for deep learning neural networks, and the outcomes are normal or malignant. METHODS ε´ and σ in the range of 50 Hz to 100 KHz for 15 human malignant tissues and their corresponding normal ones have been measured. The separating line equation between the two classes is found by mathematical calculations and verified via support vector machine (SVM). Normal range and the threshold value of both normal capacitance and resistance are calculated. RESULTS Deep learning analysis has an accuracy of 91.7%, 85.7% sensitivity, and 100% specificity for instant and automatic prediction of the type of breast tissue, either normal or malignant. CONCLUSIONS These data can be used in both cancer diagnosis and prognosis follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamdouh M Shawki
- Medical Biophysics Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Moustafa Azmy
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Salama
- Histochemistry and Cell Biology Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sanaa Shawki
- Pathology Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Ackermans LLGC, Volmer L, Wee L, Brecheisen R, Sánchez-González P, Seiffert AP, Gómez EJ, Dekker A, Ten Bosch JA, Olde Damink SMW, Blokhuis TJ. Deep Learning Automated Segmentation for Muscle and Adipose Tissue from Abdominal Computed Tomography in Polytrauma Patients. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21062083. [PMID: 33809710 PMCID: PMC8002279 DOI: 10.3390/s21062083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Manual segmentation of muscle and adipose compartments from computed tomography (CT) axial images is a potential bottleneck in early rapid detection and quantification of sarcopenia. A prototype deep learning neural network was trained on a multi-center collection of 3413 abdominal cancer surgery subjects to automatically segment truncal muscle, subcutaneous adipose tissue and visceral adipose tissue at the L3 lumbar vertebral level. Segmentations were externally tested on 233 polytrauma subjects. Although after severe trauma abdominal CT scans are quickly and robustly delivered, with often motion or scatter artefacts, incomplete vertebral bodies or arms that influence image quality, the concordance was generally very good for the body composition indices of Skeletal Muscle Radiation Attenuation (SMRA) (Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC) = 0.92), Visceral Adipose Tissue index (VATI) (CCC = 0.99) and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Index (SATI) (CCC = 0.99). In conclusion, this article showed an automated and accurate segmentation system to segment the cross-sectional muscle and adipose area L3 lumbar spine level on abdominal CT. Future perspectives will include fine-tuning the algorithm and minimizing the outliers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne L. G. C. Ackermans
- Department of Traumatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (J.A.T.B.); (T.J.B.)
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (R.B.); (S.M.W.O.D.)
- Correspondence: (L.L.G.C.A.); (L.V.); Tel.: +31-433-877-489 (L.L.G.C.A.); +31-884-456-00 (L.V.)
| | - Leroy Volmer
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW School for Oncology and Development Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (L.W.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence: (L.L.G.C.A.); (L.V.); Tel.: +31-433-877-489 (L.L.G.C.A.); +31-884-456-00 (L.V.)
| | - Leonard Wee
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW School for Oncology and Development Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (L.W.); (A.D.)
- Clinical Data Science, Faculty of Health Medicine and Lifesciences, Maastricht University, Paul Henri Spaaklaan 1, 6229 GT Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ralph Brecheisen
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (R.B.); (S.M.W.O.D.)
| | - Patricia Sánchez-González
- Biomedical Engineering and Telemedicine Centre, ETSI Telecomunicación, Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (P.S.-G.); (A.P.S.); (E.J.G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexander P. Seiffert
- Biomedical Engineering and Telemedicine Centre, ETSI Telecomunicación, Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (P.S.-G.); (A.P.S.); (E.J.G.)
| | - Enrique J. Gómez
- Biomedical Engineering and Telemedicine Centre, ETSI Telecomunicación, Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (P.S.-G.); (A.P.S.); (E.J.G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andre Dekker
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW School for Oncology and Development Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (L.W.); (A.D.)
- Clinical Data Science, Faculty of Health Medicine and Lifesciences, Maastricht University, Paul Henri Spaaklaan 1, 6229 GT Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A. Ten Bosch
- Department of Traumatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (J.A.T.B.); (T.J.B.)
| | - Steven M. W. Olde Damink
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (R.B.); (S.M.W.O.D.)
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Taco J. Blokhuis
- Department of Traumatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (J.A.T.B.); (T.J.B.)
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Costache R, Arabameri A, Blaschke T, Pham QB, Pham BT, Pandey M, Arora A, Linh NTT, Costache I. Flash-Flood Potential Mapping Using Deep Learning, Alternating Decision Trees and Data Provided by Remote Sensing Sensors. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:E280. [PMID: 33406613 DOI: 10.3390/s21010280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
There is an evident increase in the importance that remote sensing sensors play in the monitoring and evaluation of natural hazards susceptibility and risk. The present study aims to assess the flash-flood potential values, in a small catchment from Romania, using information provided remote sensing sensors and Geographic Informational Systems (GIS) databases which were involved as input data into a number of four ensemble models. In a first phase, with the help of high-resolution satellite images from the Google Earth application, 481 points affected by torrential processes were acquired, another 481 points being randomly positioned in areas without torrential processes. Seventy percent of the dataset was kept as training data, while the other 30% was assigned to validating sample. Further, in order to train the machine learning models, information regarding the 10 flash-flood predictors was extracted in the training sample locations. Finally, the following four ensembles were used to calculate the Flash-Flood Potential Index across the Bâsca Chiojdului river basin: Deep Learning Neural Network–Frequency Ratio (DLNN-FR), Deep Learning Neural Network–Weights of Evidence (DLNN-WOE), Alternating Decision Trees–Frequency Ratio (ADT-FR) and Alternating Decision Trees–Weights of Evidence (ADT-WOE). The model’s performances were assessed using several statistical metrics. Thus, in terms of Sensitivity, the highest value of 0.985 was achieved by the DLNN-FR model, meanwhile the lowest one (0.866) was assigned to ADT-FR ensemble. Moreover, the specificity analysis shows that the highest value (0.991) was attributed to DLNN-WOE algorithm, while the lowest value (0.892) was achieved by ADT-FR. During the training procedure, the models achieved overall accuracies between 0.878 (ADT-FR) and 0.985 (DLNN-WOE). K-index shows again that the most performant model was DLNN-WOE (0.97). The Flash-Flood Potential Index (FFPI) values revealed that the surfaces with high and very high flash-flood susceptibility cover between 46.57% (DLNN-FR) and 59.38% (ADT-FR) of the study zone. The use of the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve for results validation highlights the fact that FFPIDLNN-WOE is characterized by the most precise results with an Area Under Curve of 0.96.
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Band SS, Janizadeh S, Chandra Pal S, Saha A, Chakrabortty R, Shokri M, Mosavi A. Novel Ensemble Approach of Deep Learning Neural Network (DLNN) Model and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Algorithm for Prediction of Gully Erosion Susceptibility. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:E5609. [PMID: 33008132 PMCID: PMC7582716 DOI: 10.3390/s20195609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate a new approach in modeling gully erosion susceptibility (GES) based on a deep learning neural network (DLNN) model and an ensemble particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm with DLNN (PSO-DLNN), comparing these approaches with common artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM) models in Shirahan watershed, Iran. For this purpose, 13 independent variables affecting GES in the study area, namely, altitude, slope, aspect, plan curvature, profile curvature, drainage density, distance from a river, land use, soil, lithology, rainfall, stream power index (SPI), and topographic wetness index (TWI), were prepared. A total of 132 gully erosion locations were identified during field visits. To implement the proposed model, the dataset was divided into the two categories of training (70%) and testing (30%). The results indicate that the area under the curve (AUC) value from receiver operating characteristic (ROC) considering the testing datasets of PSO-DLNN is 0.89, which indicates superb accuracy. The rest of the models are associated with optimal accuracy and have similar results to the PSO-DLNN model; the AUC values from ROC of DLNN, SVM, and ANN for the testing datasets are 0.87, 0.85, and 0.84, respectively. The efficiency of the proposed model in terms of prediction of GES was increased. Therefore, it can be concluded that the DLNN model and its ensemble with the PSO algorithm can be used as a novel and practical method to predict gully erosion susceptibility, which can help planners and managers to manage and reduce the risk of this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahab S. Band
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
- Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan
| | - Saeid Janizadeh
- Department of Watershed Management Engineering and Sciences, Faculty in Natural Resources and Marine Science, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-111 Tehran, Iran;
| | - Subodh Chandra Pal
- Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, Burdwan 713104, India; (S.C.P.); (A.S.); (R.C.)
| | - Asish Saha
- Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, Burdwan 713104, India; (S.C.P.); (A.S.); (R.C.)
| | - Rabin Chakrabortty
- Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, Burdwan 713104, India; (S.C.P.); (A.S.); (R.C.)
| | - Manouchehr Shokri
- Institute of Structural Mechanics, Bauhaus Universität Weimar, 99423 Weimar, Germany;
| | - Amirhosein Mosavi
- Environmental Quality, Atmospheric Science and Climate Change Research Group, Ton Duc ThangUniversity, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam;
- Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
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Chen Z, Yu X. Adoption of Human Personality Development Theory Combined With Deep Neural Network in Entrepreneurship Education of College Students. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1346. [PMID: 32733313 PMCID: PMC7361131 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research, the probability matrix factorization (PMF) algorithm was introduced to optimize the deep neural network algorithm model with the purpose of studying the application value of personality development theory and deep learning neural network in college students’ entrepreneurship psychological education courses. Based on the personality development theory, a recommendation algorithm system for entrepreneurial projects under optimized deep neural network was established. A total of 518 college students from several universities were divided into an experimental group and a control group, with 259 students in each group. In addition to the normal courses of entrepreneurship psychology education, students in the experimental group were taught the entrepreneurship project recommendation system based on the optimized deep neural network designed in this research, while students in the control group were taught entrepreneurship psychology education normally. The intervention effect before and after entrepreneurship education was evaluated by the questionnaire of college students’ entrepreneurial intention and college students’ entrepreneurial mental resilience scale. The results demonstrate that the system recall rate and accuracy based on the algorithm in this research have been significantly higher than that of PMF algorithm and deep belief network (DBN) algorithm, and the difference is statistically significant (p < 0.05); the mean square error (MSE) of the proposed algorithm is significantly smaller than that of PMF algorithm and DBN algorithm, and the difference is statistically significant (p < 0.05); the improvement of entrepreneurial toughness, entrepreneurial strength, optimism, entrepreneurial possibility, and behavioral tendency of the experimental group after the test was significantly higher than that of the control group (p < 0.05). Therefore, compared with traditional algorithms, the proposed method for entrepreneurial projects based on the theory of personality development and the optimized deep neural network shows better performance, and it can effectively improve the entrepreneurial intention and psychological resilience of college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- School of Humanities and Law, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Yu
- School of Humanities and Law, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
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Bao Y, Zhao X, Wang L, Qian W, Sun J. Morphology-based classification of mycobacteria-infected macrophages with convolutional neural network: reveal EsxA-induced morphologic changes indistinguishable by naked eyes. Transl Res 2019; 212:1-13. [PMID: 31287998 PMCID: PMC6755059 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
EsxA is an essential virulence factor for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) pathogenesis as well as an important biomarker for Mtb detection. In this study, we use light microscopy and deep learning-based image analysis to classify the morphologic changes of macrophages infected by Mycobacterium marinum (Mm), a surrogate model for Mtb. Macrophages were infected either with the mCherry-expressing Mm wild type strain (Mm(WT)), or a mutant strain with deletion of the esxA-esxB operon (Mm(ΔEsxA:B)). The mCherry serves as an infection marker to train the convolution neural network (CNN) and to validate the classification results. Data show that CNN can distinguish the Mm(WT)-infected cells from uninfected cells with an accuracy of 92.4% at 2 hours postinfection (hpi). However, the accuracy at 12 and 24 hpi is decreased to ∼75% and ∼83%, respectively, suggesting dynamic morphologic changes through different stages of infection. The accuracy of discriminating Mm(ΔEsxA:B)-infected cells from uninfected cells is lower than 80% at all time, which is consistent to attenuated virulence of Mm(ΔEsxA:B). Interestingly, CNN distinguishes Mm(WT)-infected cells from Mm(ΔEsxA:B)-infected cells with ∼90% accuracy, implicating EsxA induces unique morphologic changes in macrophages. Deconvolutional analysis successfully reconstructed the morphologic features used by CNN for classification, which are indistinguishable to naked eyes and distinct from intracellular mycobacteria. This study presents a deep learning-aided imaging analytical tool that can accurately detect virulent mycobacteria-infected macrophages by cellular morphologic changes. The observed morphologic changes induced by EsxA warrant further studies to fill the gap from molecular actions of bacterial virulence factors to cellular morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Bao
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas
| | - Xinzhuo Zhao
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas; Sino-Dutch Biomedical and Information Engineering School, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas
| | - Wei Qian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas
| | - Jianjun Sun
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas.
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