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Hinnant B, Jager J, Rauer AJ, Thompson MJ. Developmental stasis, sensitivity, and disturbance: Linking concepts to analytic methods using impulsivity and alcohol use. J Res Adolesc 2024. [PMID: 38698712 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The goals of this article are to (a) describe and contrast conceptual characteristics of periods of developmental sensitivity, disturbance, and stasis, and (b) translate these concepts to testable analytic models with an example dataset. Although the concept of developmental sensitivity is widely known, the concepts of developmental stasis and disturbance have received less attention. We first define the concepts and their principles and then, using repeated measures data on impulsivity and alcohol use from adolescence to young adulthood, propose the dual latent change score (LCS) growth model as one analytic approach for evaluating evidence for key characteristics of these developmental concepts via examination of intraindividual time-varying associations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amy J Rauer
- University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
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Takagishi M, Aleogho BM, Okumura M, Ushida K, Yamada Y, Seino Y, Fujimura S, Nakashima K, Shindo A. Nutritional control of thyroid morphogenesis through gastrointestinal hormones. Curr Biol 2022; 32:1485-1496.e4. [PMID: 35196509 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Developing animals absorb nutrients either through the placenta or from ingested food; however, the mechanisms by which embryos use external nutrients for individual organ morphogenesis remain to be elucidated. In this study, we assessed nutrient-dependent thyroid follicle morphogenesis in Xenopus laevis and investigated the role of secreted gastrointestinal (GI) hormones post-feeding. We found that feeding triggers thyroid follicle formation, and the thyroid cells showed transient inactivation of cell proliferation after feeding. In addition, the thyroid cells with multi-lumina were frequently observed in the fed tadpoles. The expression of the particular GI hormone incretin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), responded to feeding in the intestines of Xenopus tadpoles. Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (Dpp4), a degradative enzyme of incretin, increased the size of the thyroid follicles by facilitating follicular lumina connection, whereas inhibition of the sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) reversed the effects of Dpp4 inhibition. Furthermore, injection of GIP peptide in unfed tadpoles initiated thyroid follicle formation-without requiring feeding-and injection of an incretin receptor antagonist suppressed follicle enlargement in the fed tadpoles. Lastly, GIP receptor knockout in neonatal mice showed smaller follicles in the thyroid, suggesting that the GI hormone-dependent thyroid morphogenesis is conserved in mammals. In conclusion, our study links external nutrients to thyroid morphogenesis and provides new insights into the function of GI hormone as a regulator of organ morphology in developing animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Takagishi
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Binta Maria Aleogho
- Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Science, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Masako Okumura
- Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Science, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kaori Ushida
- Division for Medical Research Engineering, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yamada
- Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, 2-1-7 Fukushima, Fukushima-ku, Osaka 553-0003, Japan
| | - Yusuke Seino
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Sayoko Fujimura
- Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Kaoru Nakashima
- Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Asako Shindo
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Science, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan; Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan.
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