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Zhang H, Wang Y, Lu Q, Song J, Duan Y, Zeng Y, Mo Y. Stretched Central Double Bonds in Dialumene and Disilene by Amino Substituents: A Case of Lone Pair Repulsion. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301862. [PMID: 37506171 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
There have been remarkable advances in the syntheses and applications of groups 13 and 14 homonuclear ethene analogues. However, successes are largely limited to aryl- and/or silyl-substituted species. Analogues bearing two or more heteroatoms are still scarce. In this work, the block-localized wavefunction (BLW) method at the density functional theory (DFT) level was employed to study dialumene and disilene bearing two amino substituents whose optimal geometries exhibit significantly stretched central M=M (M=Al or Si) double bonds compared with aryl- and/or silyl-substituted species. Computational analyses showed that the repulsion between the lone electron pairs of amino substituents and M=M π bond plays a critical role in the elongation of the M=M bonds. Evidently, replacing the substituent groups -NH2 with -BH2 can enhance the planarity and shorten the central double bonds due to the absence of lone pair electrons in BH2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyu Zhang
- Institute of Computational Quantum Chemistry, and Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Yating Wang
- Institute of Computational Quantum Chemistry, and Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Qingrui Lu
- Institute of Computational Quantum Chemistry, and Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Jinshuai Song
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yandong Duan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Control on Surface and Interface, School of Sciences, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China
| | - Yanli Zeng
- Institute of Computational Quantum Chemistry, and Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Yirong Mo
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA
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Lainer T, Dange D, Pillinger M, Fischer RC, Kelterer AM, Jones C, Haas M. An NHC-Mediated Metal-Free Approach towards an NHC-Coordinated Endocyclic Disilene. Chemistry 2022; 11:e202100240. [PMID: 35142081 PMCID: PMC8889510 DOI: 10.1002/open.202100240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A convenient metal‐free approach towards an N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐coordinated disilene 2 is described. Compound 2, featuring the disilene incorporated in cyclopolysilane framework, was obtained in good yield and characterized using NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the reaction mechanism provide a rationale for the observed reactivity and give detailed information on the bonding situation of the base‐stabilized disilene. Compound 2 undergoes thermal or light‐ induced (λ=456 nm) NHC loss, and a dimerization process to give a corresponding dimer with a Si10 skeleton. In order to shed light on the dimerization mechanism, DFT calculations were performed. Moreover, the reactivity of 2 was examined with selected examples of transition metal carbonyl compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lainer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Deepak Dange
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, PO Box 23, Australia
| | - Michael Pillinger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Roland C Fischer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Anne-Marie Kelterer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Stremayrgasse 9/I, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Cameron Jones
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, PO Box 23, Australia
| | - Michael Haas
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
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3
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Abstract
Disilenes with differently coordinated silicon atoms are not known. Here, we have shown the high yield synthesis of a range of disilenes (2-4 and 6) upon reaction of a hypersilyl silylene PhC(NtBu)2 SiSi(SiMe3 )3 (1) with aliphatic chlorophosphines. The most striking characteristic of these disilenes is the presence of two differently coordinated Si atoms (one is three-coordinated, the other four-coordinated). The analogous reaction with Ph2 PCl did not afford the desired disilene, but, surprisingly, led to the first tetraphosphinosilane (8). DFT calculations were performed to understand the bonding in disilenes and differences in reactivity of the complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Kumar Bisai
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Tamal Das
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.,Physical and Material Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Kumar Vanka
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.,Physical and Material Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Rajesh G Gonnade
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.,Physical and Material Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Sakya S Sen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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Tanaka K, Akasaka N, Kosai T, Honda S, Ushijima Y, Ishida S, Iwamoto T. Dialkylboryl-Substituted Cyclic Disilenes Synthesized by Desilylation-Borylation of Trimethylsilyl-Substituted Disilenes. Molecules 2021; 26:1632. [PMID: 33804233 PMCID: PMC8001088 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
π-Electron systems of silicon have attracted attention because of their narrow HOMO-LUMO gap and high reactivity, but the structural diversity remains limited. Herein, new dialkylboryl-substituted disilenes were synthesized by the selective desilylation-borylation of the corresponding trimethylsilyl-substituted disilenes. The dialkylboryl-substituted disilenes were fully characterized by a combination of NMR spectroscopy, MS spectrometry, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, and theoretical calculations. The longest-wavelength absorption bands of boryldisilenes were bathochromically shifted compared to the corresponding silyl-substituted disilenes, indicating a substantial conjugation between π(Si=Si) and vacant 2p(B) orbitals. In the presence of 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP), the dialkylboryl groups in the boryl-substituted disilenes were easily converted to trimethylsilyl groups, suggesting the dialkylboryl-substituted disilenes in the presence of a base serve as the surrogates of disilenyl anions (disilenides).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Takeaki Iwamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramakiazaaoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan; (K.T.); (N.A.); (T.K.); (S.H.); (Y.U.); (S.I.)
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