1
|
Yang R, Chu H, Yue H, Mishina Y, Zhang Z, Liu H, Li B. BMP signaling maintains auricular chondrocyte identity and prevents microtia development by inhibiting protein kinase A. eLife 2024; 12:RP91883. [PMID: 38690987 PMCID: PMC11062634 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Elastic cartilage constitutes a major component of the external ear, which functions to guide sound to the middle and inner ears. Defects in auricle development cause congenital microtia, which affects hearing and appearance in patients. Mutations in several genes have been implicated in microtia development, yet, the pathogenesis of this disorder remains incompletely understood. Here, we show that Prrx1 genetically marks auricular chondrocytes in adult mice. Interestingly, BMP-Smad1/5/9 signaling in chondrocytes is increasingly activated from the proximal to distal segments of the ear, which is associated with a decrease in chondrocyte regenerative activity. Ablation of Bmpr1a in auricular chondrocytes led to chondrocyte atrophy and microtia development at the distal part. Transcriptome analysis revealed that Bmpr1a deficiency caused a switch from the chondrogenic program to the osteogenic program, accompanied by enhanced protein kinase A activation, likely through increased expression of Adcy5/8. Inhibition of PKA blocked chondrocyte-to-osteoblast transformation and microtia development. Moreover, analysis of single-cell RNA-seq of human microtia samples uncovered enriched gene expression in the PKA pathway and chondrocyte-to-osteoblast transformation process. These findings suggest that auricle cartilage is actively maintained by BMP signaling, which maintains chondrocyte identity by suppressing osteogenic differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruichen Yang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hongshang Chu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hua Yue
- Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials & Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of DentistryAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Zhenlin Zhang
- Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Baojie Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical TranslationShanghaiChina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gris AH, Piva MM, Schwertz CI, Mori AP, Saremba C, Simon DM, Sonne L, Pavarini SP, Driemeier D. Auricular and laryngeal chondritis in nursery and finishing pigs. Vet Pathol 2024; 61:88-94. [PMID: 37470276 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231186101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to characterize the clinic-pathological presentation of an outbreak of auricular and laryngeal chondritis in pigs. Visits were made to pig farms, where the clinical history was obtained, and clinical and postmortem examinations were performed. In those farms, 3% to 4% of pigs presented otohematomas, which started in the nursery and extended to the finishing phase. Moreover, some finishing pigs presented with respiratory distress, initially characterized as inspiratory dyspnea, associated by an uncommon respiratory stridor and culminating in death. Grossly, nursery piglets had enlarged ears, and on the cut surface, the cartilage was fragmented and associated with blood clots. In the finishing phase, in addition to auricular lesions, the epiglottis and arytenoid cartilages were thickened and distorted, which partially occluded the lumen. Microscopically, the laryngeal and auricular cartilages were fragmented, displayed a loss of matrix basophilia, and were surrounded by lymphohistiocytic inflammatory infiltrate, with occasional multinucleated giant cells and fibrosis. The lesions exclusively affected elastic cartilages. The disease in finishing pigs led to increased mortality and was a differential diagnosis to respiratory challenges. It was not possible to determine the factor that triggered this condition; however, a nutritional association is suspected. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of primary auricular and laryngeal chondritis in pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anderson H Gris
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Manoela M Piva
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Claiton I Schwertz
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Inata Produtos Biológicos, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Ana P Mori
- Inata Produtos Biológicos, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luciana Sonne
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - David Driemeier
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Valieva Y, Igrunkova A, Fayzullin A, Serejnikova N, Kurkov A, Fayzullina N, Valishina D, Bakulina A, Timashev P, Shekhter A. Epimorphic Regeneration of Elastic Cartilage: Morphological Study into the Role of Cellular Senescence. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:biology12040565. [PMID: 37106768 PMCID: PMC10136161 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Control over endogenous reparative mechanisms is the future of regenerative medicine. The rabbit ear defect is a rare model which allows the observation of the epimorphic regeneration of elastic cartilage. However, the mechanisms of phenotypical restoration of this highly differentiated tissue have not been studied. We modelled circular ear defects of different sizes (4, 6, and 8 mm in diameter) in 12 laboratory rabbits, and observed them during 30, 60, 90, and 120 day periods. Excised tissues were processed and analyzed by standard histological methods and special histochemical reactions for senescence associated-β-galactosidase and lectin markers. We demonstrated that larger defects caused significant elevation of senescence associated-β-galactosidase in chondrocytes. The fullness of epimorphic regeneration of elastic cartilage depended on the activation of cellular senescence and synthesis of elastic fibers. Further investigation into the role of cells with senescence-associated secretory phenotype in damaged tissues can present new targets for controlled tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yana Valieva
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Igrunkova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
- World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, N. V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Fayzullin
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
- World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Serejnikova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandr Kurkov
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nafisa Fayzullina
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dina Valishina
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alesia Bakulina
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
- World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatoly Shekhter
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abarca-Buis RF, Krötzsch E. Proximal ear hole injury heals by limited regeneration during the early postnatal phase in mice. J Anat 2023; 242:402-416. [PMID: 36317926 PMCID: PMC9919478 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ear pinna is a particular feature of mammals that shows several repair responses depending on age. Two millimeter hole made in the pinna of middle-aged female mice heals due to partial reconstitution of new tissues (limited regeneration), whereas a hole punched in the ear of young mice forms a scar tissue. In these studies, the injury is made in the center of the ear pinna, but little is known about the type of reparative response along the proximodistal polarity of the ear. This study evaluated the effect of pinna polarity, age, and sex in the ear hole-repairing response in Balb/c mice. Proximal injuries were repaired more efficiently by limited regeneration than wounds made in the middle region. Non-injured ear histological analysis revealed a higher presence of muscle, adipose tissue, cartilage, and larger blood vessels in the proximal ear area, which could influence ear hole closure by limited regeneration. To evaluate the healing response during ear growth, we punched a standard hole in the proximal area of the ear on postnatal day 21 and 8-month-old mice (adults). Thirty-five days after the wound, both groups reached the same wound closure, despite the greater proportional size of holes made in the younger mice. Ear growth also improved ear hole closure in male mice. These results suggest that ear growth accelerates hole closure, providing an example of enhanced regenerative abilities in growing structures. Finally, hole closure kinetics in the growing ear indicated an early re-differentiation phase exhibited at 14 days post-wound. In conclusion, ear topography and growth positively influenced the healing response to ear holes, making it a tractable model to study in mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- René Fernando Abarca-Buis
- Laboratory of Connective Tissue, Centro Nacional de Investigación y Atención de Quemados, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luís Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Edgar Krötzsch
- Laboratory of Connective Tissue, Centro Nacional de Investigación y Atención de Quemados, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luís Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Ciudad de México, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huang CC. Microstructure and Thermal Property of Designed Alginate-Based Polymeric Composite Foam Materials Containing Biomimetic Decellularized Elastic Cartilage Microscaffolds. Materials (Basel) 2021; 15:258. [PMID: 35009404 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study presents a designed alginate-based polymeric composite foam material containing decellularized elastic cartilage microscaffolds from porcine elastic cartilage by using supercritical fluid and papain treatment for medical scaffold biomaterials. The microstructure and thermal property of the designed alginate-based polymeric composite foam materials with various controlled ratios of alginate molecules and decellularized elastic cartilage microscaffolds were studied and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and differential thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG). The microstructure and thermal property of the composite foam materials were affected by the introduction of decellularized elastic cartilage microscaffolds. The designed alginate-based polymeric composite foam materials containing decellularized elastic cartilage microscaffolds were ionically cross-linked with calcium ions by soaking the polymeric composite foam materials in a solution of calcium chloride. Additional calcium ions further improved the microstructure and thermal stability of the resulting ionic cross-linked alginate-based polymeric composite foam materials. Furthermore, the effect of crosslinking functionality on microstructures and thermal properties of the resulting polymeric composite foam materials were studied to build up useful information for 3D substrates for cultivating and growing cartilage cells and/or cartilage tissue engineering.
Collapse
|
6
|
Dong X, Premaratne ID, Bernstein JL, Samadi A, Lin AJ, Toyoda Y, Kim J, Bonassar LJ, Spector JA. Three-Dimensional-Printed External Scaffolds Mitigate Loss of Volume and Topography in Engineered Elastic Cartilage Constructs. Cartilage 2021; 13:1780S-1789S. [PMID: 34636646 PMCID: PMC8804786 DOI: 10.1177/19476035211049556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A major obstacle in the clinical translation of engineered auricular scaffolds is the significant contraction and loss of topography that occur during maturation of the soft collagen-chondrocyte matrix into elastic cartilage. We hypothesized that 3-dimensional-printed, biocompatible scaffolds would "protect" maturing hydrogel constructs from contraction and loss of topography. DESIGN External disc-shaped and "ridged" scaffolds were designed and 3D-printed using polylactic acid (PLA). Acellular type I collagen constructs were cultured in vitro for up to 3 months. Collagen constructs seeded with bovine auricular chondrocytes (BAuCs) were prepared in 3 groups and implanted subcutaneously in vivo for 3 months: preformed discs with ("Scaffolded/S") or without ("Naked/N") an external scaffold and discs that were formed within an external scaffold via injection molding ("Injection Molded/SInj"). RESULTS The presence of an external scaffold or use of injection molding methodology did not affect the acellular construct volume or base area loss. In vivo, the presence of an external scaffold significantly improved preservation of volume and base area at 3 months compared to the naked group (P < 0.05). Construct contraction was mitigated even further in the injection molded group, and topography of the ridged constructs was maintained with greater fidelity (P < 0.05). Histology verified the development of mature auricular cartilage in the constructs within external scaffolds after 3 months. CONCLUSION Custom-designed, 3D-printed, biocompatible external scaffolds significantly mitigate BAuC-seeded construct contraction and maintain complex topography. Further refinement and scaling of this approach in conjunction with construct fabrication utilizing injection molding may aid in the development of full-scale auricular scaffolds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Dong
- Laboratory of Bioregenerative Medicine
& Surgery, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Weill Cornell
Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Breast Surgery, Xiangya
Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ishani D. Premaratne
- Laboratory of Bioregenerative Medicine
& Surgery, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Weill Cornell
Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jaime L. Bernstein
- Laboratory of Bioregenerative Medicine
& Surgery, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Weill Cornell
Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arash Samadi
- Laboratory of Bioregenerative Medicine
& Surgery, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Weill Cornell
Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandra J. Lin
- Laboratory of Bioregenerative Medicine
& Surgery, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Weill Cornell
Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yoshiko Toyoda
- Laboratory of Bioregenerative Medicine
& Surgery, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Weill Cornell
Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jongkil Kim
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of
Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Lawrence J. Bonassar
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of
Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Sibley School of Mechanical and
Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jason A. Spector
- Laboratory of Bioregenerative Medicine
& Surgery, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Weill Cornell
Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of
Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Baddam P, Young D, Dunsmore G, Nie C, Eaton F, Elahi S, Jovel J, Adesida AB, Dufour A, Graf D. Nasal Septum Deviation as the Consequence of BMP-Controlled Changes to Cartilage Properties. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:696545. [PMID: 34249945 PMCID: PMC8265824 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.696545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The nasal septum cartilage is a specialized hyaline cartilage important for normal midfacial growth. Abnormal midfacial growth is associated with midfacial hypoplasia and nasal septum deviation (NSD). However, the underlying genetics and associated functional consequences of these two anomalies are poorly understood. We have previously shown that loss of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 (BMP7) from neural crest (BMP7 ncko ) leads to midfacial hypoplasia and subsequent septum deviation. In this study we elucidate the cellular and molecular abnormalities underlying NSD using comparative gene expression, quantitative proteomics, and immunofluorescence analysis. We show that reduced cartilage growth and septum deviation are associated with acquisition of elastic cartilage markers and share similarities with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. The genetic reduction of BMP2 in BMP7 ncko mice was sufficient to rescue NSD and suppress elastic cartilage markers. To our knowledge this investigation provides the first genetic example of an in vivo cartilage fate switch showing that this is controlled by the relative balance of BMP2 and BMP7. Cellular and molecular changes similar between NSD and knee OA suggest a related etiology underlying these cartilage abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pranidhi Baddam
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Daniel Young
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Garett Dunsmore
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Chunpeng Nie
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Farah Eaton
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Shokrollah Elahi
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Juan Jovel
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Antoine Dufour
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Daniel Graf
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Enomura M, Murata S, Terado Y, Tanaka M, Kobayashi S, Oba T, Kagimoto S, Yabuki Y, Morita K, Uemura T, Maegawa J, Taniguchi H. Development of a Method for Scaffold-Free Elastic Cartilage Creation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8496. [PMID: 33187369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtia is a congenital aplasia of the auricular cartilage. Conventionally, autologous costal cartilage grafts are collected and shaped for transplantation. However, in this method, excessive invasion occurs due to limitations in the costal cartilage collection. Due to deformation over time after transplantation of the shaped graft, problems with long-term morphological maintenance exist. Additionally, the lack of elasticity with costal cartilage grafts is worth mentioning, as costal cartilage is a type of hyaline cartilage. Medical plastic materials have been transplanted as alternatives to costal cartilage, but transplant rejection and deformation over time are inevitable. It is imperative to create tissues for transplantation using cells of biological origin. Hence, cartilage tissues were developed using a biodegradable scaffold material. However, such materials suffer from transplant rejection and biodegradation, causing the transplanted cartilage tissue to deform due to a lack of elasticity. To address this problem, we established a method for creating elastic cartilage tissue for transplantation with autologous cells without using scaffold materials. Chondrocyte progenitor cells were collected from perichondrial tissue of the ear cartilage. By using a multilayer culture and a three-dimensional rotating suspension culture vessel system, we succeeded in creating scaffold-free elastic cartilage from cartilage progenitor cells.
Collapse
|
9
|
Gottesman GS, Madson KL, McAlister WH, Nenninger A, Wenkert D, Mumm S, Whyte MP. Auricular ossification: A newly recognized feature of osteoprotegerin-deficiency juvenile Paget disease. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170A:978-85. [PMID: 26762549 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We report auricular ossification (AO) affecting the elastic cartilage of the ear as a newly recognized feature of osteoprotegerin (OPG)-deficiency juvenile Paget disease (JPD). AO and auricular calcification refer interchangeably to rigid pinnae, sparing the ear lobe, from various etiologies. JPD is a rare Mendelian disorder characterized by elevated serum alkaline phosphatase activity accompanied by skeletal pain and deformity from rapid bone turnover. Autosomal recessive transmission of loss-of-function mutations within TNFRSF11B encoding OPG accounts for most JPD (JPD1). JPD2 results from heterozygous constitutive activation of TNFRSF11A encoding RANK. Other causes of JPD remain unknown. In 2007, we reported a 60-year-old man with JPD1 who described hardening of his external ears at age 45 years, after 4 years of treatment with bisphosphonates (BPs). Subsequently, we noted rigid pinnae in a 17-year-old boy and 14-year-old girl, yet pliable pinnae in a 12-year-old boy, each with JPD1 and several years of BP treatment. Cranial imaging indicated cortical bone within the pinnae of both teenagers. Radiologic studies of our three JPD patients without mutations in TNFRSF11B showed normal auricles. Review of the JPD literature revealed possible AO in several reports. Two of our JPD1 patients had experienced difficult tracheal intubation, raising concern for mineralization of laryngeal elastic cartilage. Thus, AO is a newly recognized feature of JPD1, possibly exacerbated by BP treatment. Elastic cartilage at other sites in JPD1 might also ossify, and warrants investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary S Gottesman
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospital for Children, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Katherine L Madson
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospital for Children, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - William H McAlister
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine at St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Angela Nenninger
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospital for Children, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Deborah Wenkert
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospital for Children, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Steven Mumm
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospital for Children, St. Louis, Missouri.,Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Michael P Whyte
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospital for Children, St. Louis, Missouri.,Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhai LJ, Zhao KQ, Wang ZQ, Feng Y, Xing SC. Mesenchymal stem cells display different gene expression profiles compared to hyaline and elastic chondrocytes. Int J Clin Exp Med 2011; 4:81-90. [PMID: 21394289 PMCID: PMC3048987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage has a poor intrinsic repair capacity, requiring surgical intervention to effect biological repair. Tissue engineering technologies or regenerative medicine strategies are currently being employed to address cartilage repair. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered to be an excellent cell source for this application. However, the different gene expression profiles between the MSCs and differentiated cartilage remain unclear. In this report, we first examined the gene expression profiles between the MSCs, hyaline and elastic chondrocytes, and then identify candidate genes, which may be important in the process of MSC differentiation into hyaline and elastic cartilage. Several hundred differentially expressed genes were screened initially by microarray, including 417 simultaneously up-regulated genes in both hyaline and elastic chondrocytes, with 313 down-regulated genes. Several genes were identified that were up-regulated in hyaline chondrocytes while down-regulated in elastic chondrocytes. Both RT-PCR and western blot analysis were consistent with those results obtained by microarray analysis. Chondromodulinl (Chm1) was found to be highly expressed in MSCs differentiating to hyaline and elastic cartilage. Both collagen type II, alpha 1 (Col2a1) and cartilage homeo protein 1 (Cart1) were also highly upregulated and may be important early differentiation of MSCs to hyaline cartilage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jie Zhai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First affiliated hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian 116011, China
| | - Ke-Qing Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First affiliated hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian 116011, China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eye and ENT Hospital, School of Shanghai Medicine, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First affiliated hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian 116011, China
| | - Ya Feng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First affiliated hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian 116011, China
| | - Shuang-Chun Xing
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First affiliated hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian 116011, China
| |
Collapse
|