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Chen L, Xu Y, Liu Y, Wang J, Chen J, Chang X, Zhu Y. Flexible and Transparent Electronic Skin Sensor with Sensing Capabilities for Pressure, Temperature, and Humidity. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:24923-24932. [PMID: 37159481 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c03829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the interlocked biological geometry of human skin, herein, we design a flexible and transparent sensor with interlocked square column arrays with composites of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs), citric acid (CA), and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), which exhibit multisensory capabilities for pressure, temperature, and humidity. As a flexible pressure sensor, the interlocked AgNPs/CA/PVA sensor possesses a high sensitivity (-1.82 kPa-1), low detection limit (10 Pa), fast response (75 ms), and outstanding stability due to the high sensitivity of the contact resistance of the interlocked square column arrays to pressure. Because of the rigid dependence of the resistance of the AgNPs/CA/PVA composite on temperature, the interlocked AgNPs/CA/PVA sensor can also act as a temperature sensor, which exhibits high resolution (0.1 °C) and reliability in detecting ambient temperature. In addition, it is found that the amount of water molecules adsorbed by PVA and CA changes with the ambient humidity. Therefore, the interlocked AgNPs/CA/PVA sensor is also able to detect humidity in real time. This work proposes a simple but useful route to fabricate a flexible and transparent electrical skin sensor, which has great potential in the perception of pressure, temperature, and humidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangren Chen
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Youquan Xu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinfeng Liu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwen Chen
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Chang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutian Zhu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Hou Y, Yang Y, Wang Z, Li Z, Zhang X, Bethers B, Xiong R, Guo H, Yu H. Whole Fabric-Assisted Thermoelectric Devices for Wearable Electronics. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2103574. [PMID: 34741444 PMCID: PMC8728843 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Flexible thermoelectric generators (f-TEGs) have demonstrated great potential in wearable self-powered health monitoring devices. However, the existing wearable f-TEGs are neither flexible enough to bend and stretch while maintaining the device's integrity with a good TE performance nor directly compatible with clothes materials. Here, ultraflexible fabric-based thermoelectric generators (uf-TEGs) are proposed with conductive cloth electrodes and elastic fabric substrate. The patterned elastic fabric substrate fits the rigid cuboids well, together with serpentine structured cloth electrodes, rendering uf-TEG with excellent integrity and flexibility, thereby achieving a highly functional TE performance when strain reaches 30% or on arbitrarily shaped heat sources. The uf-TEGs show a large peak power of 64.10 μW for a temperature difference of 33.24 K with a high voltage output of 111.49 mV, which is superior compared to previously reported fabric-based TEG devices, and it is still functional after the water immersion test. Besides the energy harvesting function, with both the temperature sensing ability and the touch perception, this uf-TEG is demonstrated as the electrical skin when mounted on a robot. Moreover, due to the wind-sensitive performance and self-power ability, the uf-TEGs are assembled on cloth as wearable health and motion monitoring devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hou
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyKowloonHong Kong SAR999077P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringSan Diego State University5500 Campanile DriveSan DiegoCA92182USA
| | - Ziyu Wang
- The Institute of Technological SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyu Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyKowloonHong Kong SAR999077P. R. China
| | - Xingzhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro‐ and Nano‐Structures of Ministry of EducationSchool of Physics and TechnologyWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Brandon Bethers
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringSan Diego State University5500 Campanile DriveSan DiegoCA92182USA
| | - Rui Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro‐ and Nano‐Structures of Ministry of EducationSchool of Physics and TechnologyWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Haizhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Material PhysicsMinistry of EducationSchool of Physics and MicroelectronicsZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450052P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and ApplicationsShandong Normal UniversityJinan250358P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Yu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyKowloonHong Kong SAR999077P. R. China
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Wang Z, Cui H, Li S, Feng X, Aghassi-Hagmann J, Azizian S, Levkin PA. Facile Approach to Conductive Polymer Microelectrodes for Flexible Electronics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:21661-21668. [PMID: 33905239 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Conductive polymers have been intensively investigated as materials for electrodes in flexible electronics due to their favorable biocompatibility and reliable electrochemical stability. Nevertheless, patterning of conductive polymers for the fabrication of devices and in various electronics applications confronts multifarious limitations and challenges. Here, we present a simple but efficient strategy to obtain conductive polymer microelectrodes via utilization of surface-tension-confined liquid patterns. This method shows universality for various oxidizers and conductive polymers, high resolution, stability, and favorable compatibility with different surfaces and materials. The developed method has been demonstrated for creating conductive polymer microelectrodes with a customized reaction process, defined geometry, and flexible substrates. The obtained microelectrodes were assembled into flexible capacitive sensors. Thus, the method realizes a facile approach to conductive polymer microelectrodes for flexible electronics, biomedical applications, human activity monitors, and electronic skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwu Wang
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Haijun Cui
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Shuai Li
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Xiaowei Feng
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Aghassi-Hagmann
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Saeid Azizian
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Mahdiyeh Street, Hamedan 6517838695, Iran
| | - Pavel A Levkin
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Kaiserstraße 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Abstract
Bionic electronic skin (E-skin) that could convert external physical or mechanical stimuli into output signals has a wide range of applications including wearable devices, artificial prostheses, software robots, etc. Here, we present a chameleon-inspired multifunctional E-skin based on hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), Poly(Acrylamide-co-Acrylic acid) (PACA), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composited liquid-crystal hydrogel. We found that the HPC could still form cholesteric liquid-crystal photonic structures with the CNTs additive for enhancing their color saturation and PACA polymerization for locating their assembled periodic structures. As the composite hydrogel containing HPC elements and the PACA scaffold responds to different stimuli, such as temperature variations, mechanical pressure, and tension, it could correspondingly change its volume or internal nanostructure and report these as visible color switches. In addition, due to the additive of CNTs, the composite hydrogel could also output these stimuli as electrical resistance signals. Thus, the hydrogel E-skins had the ability of quantitatively feeding back external stimuli through electrical resistance as well as visually mapping the stimulating sites by color variation. This dual-signal sensing provides the ability of visible-user interaction as well as antiinterference, endowing the multifunctional E-skin with great application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuohao Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 210008 Nanjing, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, 210008 Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 210096 Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuoyue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 210096 Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 210096 Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 210008 Nanjing, China;
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, 210008 Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 210096 Nanjing, China
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