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Stanley PM, Sixt F, Warnan J. Decoupled Solar Energy Storage and Dark Photocatalysis in a 3D Metal-Organic Framework. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2207280. [PMID: 36217842 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Materials enabling solar energy conversion and long-term storage for readily available electrical and chemical energy are key for off-grid energy distribution. Herein, the specific confinement of a rhenium coordination complex in a metal-organic framework (MOF) unlocks a unique electron accumulating property under visible-light irradiation. About 15 C gMOF -1 of electric charges can be concentrated and stored for over four weeks without loss. Decoupled, on-demand discharge for electrochemical reactions and H2 evolution catalysis is shown and light-driven recharging can be conducted for >10 cycles with ≈90% of the initial charging capacity retained. Experimental investigations and theoretical calculations link electron trapping to MOF-induced geometry constraints as well as the coordination environment of the Re-center, highlighting the key role of MOF confinement on molecular guests. This study serves as the seminal report on 3D porous colloids achieving photoaccumulation of long-lived electrons, unlocking dark photocatalysis, and a path toward solar capacitor and solar battery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Stanley
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, and Catalysis, Research Center (CRC), TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Florian Sixt
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, and Catalysis, Research Center (CRC), TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Julien Warnan
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, and Catalysis, Research Center (CRC), TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
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2
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Ye YX, Pan J, Shen Y, Shen M, Yan H, He J, Yang X, Zhu F, Xu J, He J, Ouyang G. A solar-to-chemical conversion efficiency up to 0.26% achieved in ambient conditions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2115666118. [PMID: 34750272 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2115666118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial photosynthesis in ambient conditions is much less efficient than the solar-to-biomass conversion (SBC) processes in nature. Here, we successfully mimic the NADP-mediated photosynthetic processes in green plants by introducing redox moieties as the electron acceptors in the present conjugated polymeric photocatalyst. The current artificial process substantially promotes the charge carrier separation efficiency and the oxygen reduction efficiency, achieving a photosynthesis rate for converting Earth-abundant water and oxygen in air into hydrogen peroxide as high as 909 μmol⋅g-1⋅h-1 and a solar-to-chemical conversion (SCC) efficiency up to 0.26%. The SCC efficiency is more than two times higher than the average SBC efficiency in nature (0.1%) and the highest value under ambient conditions. This study presents a strategy for efficient SCC in the future.
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Yang Y, Chen Z, Feng C, Jing J. The CdIn 2 S 4 /WO 3 Nanosheet Composite Has a Significantly Enhanced Photo-electrochemical Cathodic Protection Performance and Excellent Electron Storage Capability. Chemistry 2021; 27:11589-11599. [PMID: 34142393 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Photo-electrochemical cathodic protection (CP) technology is considered to be a green metallic corrosion protection technology that uses solar energy to protect from corrosion and does not consume any anode materials. In this work, a CdIn2 S4 /WO3 nanocomposite photoelectrode was prepared, and its photo-electrochemical CP performance and mechanism were studied and analyzed. WO3 has a well band matching with CdIn2 S4 , leading to a significantly enhanced photo-electrochemical CP performance of the nanocomposite. Meanwhile, as confirmed in this work, the CdIn2 S4 /WO3 nanocomposite can store photoinduced electrons under light illumination through intercalation reactions and changing the valence state of tungsten. Moreover, it can discharge in the dark state to provide continuous CP for the coupled metals. This research will promote the practical application process of the photo-electrochemical CP technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-fouling Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute, Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 (Jia) Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhuoyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-fouling Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China.,School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy, Foshan University, 18 Jiangwanyi Road, Foshan, 528000, P. R. China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute, Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Chang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-fouling Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 (Jia) Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jiangping Jing
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-fouling Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China.,School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy, Foshan University, 18 Jiangwanyi Road, Foshan, 528000, P. R. China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute, Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
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Yang Y, Brückmann J, Frey W, Rau S, Karnahl M, Tschierlei S. Electron Storage Capability and Singlet Oxygen Productivity of a Ru II Photosensitizer Containing a Fused Naphthaloylenebenzene Moiety at the 1,10-Phenanthroline Ligand. Chemistry 2020; 26:17027-17034. [PMID: 32519770 PMCID: PMC7820985 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
As a novel rylene type dye a diimine ligand with a fully rigid and extended π-system in its backbone was prepared by directly fusing a 1,10-phenanthroline building block with 1,8-naphthalimide. The corresponding heteroleptic ruthenium photosensitizer bearing one biipo and two tbbpy ligands was synthesized and extensively analyzed by a combination of NMR, single crystal X-ray diffraction, steady-state absorption and emission, time-resolved spectroscopy and different electrochemical measurements supported by time-dependent density functional theory calculations. The cyclic and differential pulse voltammograms revealed, that the naphthaloylenebenzene moiety enables an additional second reduction of the ligand. Moreover, this ligand possesses a very broad absorption in the visible region. In the RuII complex this causes an overlap of ligand-centered and metal-to-ligand charge transfer transitions. The emission of the complex is clearly redshifted compared to the ligand emission with very long-lived excited states lifetimes of 1.7 and 24.7 μs in oxygen-free acetonitrile solution. This behavior is accompanied by a surprisingly high oxygen sensitivity. Finally, this photosensitizer was successfully applied for the effective evolution of singlet oxygen challenging some of the common RuII prototype complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingya Yang
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry IUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Jannik Brückmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry IUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Sven Rau
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry IUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Michael Karnahl
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Stefanie Tschierlei
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry IUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryTechnische Universität BraunschweigGaußstraße 1738106BraunschweigGermany
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Rauch F, Endres P, Friedrich A, Sieh D, Hähnel M, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Finze M, Ji L, Marder TB. An Iterative Divergent Approach to Conjugated Starburst Borane Dendrimers. Chemistry 2020; 26:12951-12963. [PMID: 32428359 PMCID: PMC7590090 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Using a new divergent approach, conjugated triarylborane dendrimers were synthesized up to the 2nd generation. The synthetic strategy consists of three steps: 1) functionalization, via iridium catalyzed C-H borylation; 2) activation, via fluorination of the generated boronate ester with K[HF2 ] or [N(nBu4 )][HF2 ]; and 3) expansion, via reaction of the trifluoroborate salts with aryl Grignard reagents. The concept was also shown to be viable for a convergent approach. All but one of the conjugated borane dendrimers exhibit multiple, distinct and reversible reduction potentials, making them potentially interesting materials for applications in molecular accumulators. Based on their photophysical properties, the 1st generation dendrimers exhibit good conjugation over the whole system. However, the conjugation does not increase further upon expansion to the 2nd generation, but the molar extinction coefficients increase linearly with the number of triarylborane subunits, suggesting a potential application as photonic antennas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Rauch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Peter Endres
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Daniel Sieh
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Martin Hähnel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Maik Finze
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Lei Ji
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE)Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) &Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME)Northwestern Polytechnical University127 West Youryi Road710072Xi'anChina
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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Ter Heijne A, Pereira MA, Pereira J, Sleutels T. Electron Storage in Electroactive Biofilms. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 39:34-42. [PMID: 32646618 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Microbial electrochemical technologies (METs) are promising for sustainable applications. Recently, electron storage during intermittent operation of electroactive biofilms (EABs) has been shown to play an important role in power output and electron efficiencies. Insights into electron storage mechanisms, and the conditions under which these occur, are essential to improve microbial electrochemical conversions and to optimize biotechnological processes. Here, we discuss the two main mechanisms for electron storage in EABs: storage in the form of reduced redox active components in the electron transport chain and in the form of polymers. We review electron storage in EABs and in other microorganisms and will discuss how the mechanisms of electron storage can be influenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ter Heijne
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - M A Pereira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - J Pereira
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - T Sleutels
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
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O'Reilly L, Pan Q, Das N, Wenderich K, Korterik JP, Vos JG, Pryce MT, Huijser A. Hydrogen-Generating Ru/Pt Bimetallic Photocatalysts Based on Phenyl-Phenanthroline Peripheral Ligands. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:3084-3091. [PMID: 30221834 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies on hydrogen-generating supramolecular bimetallic photocatalysts indicate a more important role of the peripheral ligands than expected, motivating us to design a Ru/Pt complex with 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline peripheral ligands. Photoinduced intra- and inter-ligand internal conversion processes have been investigated using transient absorption spectroscopy, spanning the femto- to nanosecond timescale. After photoexcitation and ultrafast intersystem crossing, triplet states localised on either the peripheral ligands or on the bridging ligand/catalytic unit are populated in a non-equilibrated way. Time-resolved photoluminescence demonstrates that the lifetime for the Ru/Pt dinuclear species (795±8 ns) is significantly less than that of the mononuclear analogue (1375±20 ns). The photocatalytic studies show modest hydrogen turnover numbers, which is possibly caused by the absence of an excited state equilibrium. Finally, we identify challenges that must be overcome to further develop this class of photocatalysts and propose directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura O'Reilly
- SRC for Solar Energy Conversion, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Qing Pan
- Photocatalytic Synthesis and Optical Sciences groups, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Nivedita Das
- SRC for Solar Energy Conversion, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Kasper Wenderich
- Photocatalytic Synthesis and Optical Sciences groups, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen P Korterik
- Photocatalytic Synthesis and Optical Sciences groups, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes G Vos
- SRC for Solar Energy Conversion, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Mary T Pryce
- SRC for Solar Energy Conversion, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Annemarie Huijser
- Photocatalytic Synthesis and Optical Sciences groups, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
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