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Sitek J, Czerniak-Łosiewicz K, Gertych AP, Giza M, Dąbrowski P, Rogala M, Wilczyński K, Kaleta A, Kret S, Conran BR, Wang X, McAleese C, Macha M, Radenović A, Zdrojek M, Pasternak I, Strupiński W. Selective Growth of van der Waals Heterostructures Enabled by Electron-Beam Irradiation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37418753 PMCID: PMC10360032 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHSs) enable the fabrication of complex electronic devices based on two-dimensional (2D) materials. Ideally, these vdWHSs should be fabricated in a scalable and repeatable way and only in the specific areas of the substrate to lower the number of technological operations inducing defects and impurities. Here, we present a method of selective fabrication of vdWHSs via chemical vapor deposition by electron-beam (EB) irradiation. We distinguish two growth modes: positive (2D materials nucleate on the irradiated regions) on graphene and tungsten disulfide (WS2) substrates, and negative (2D materials do not nucleate on the irradiated regions) on the graphene substrate. The growth mode is controlled by limiting the air exposure of the irradiated substrate and the time between irradiation and growth. We conducted Raman mapping, Kelvin-probe force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and density-functional theory modeling studies to investigate the selective growth mechanism. We conclude that the selective growth is explained by the competition of three effects: EB-induced defects, adsorption of carbon species, and electrostatic interaction. The method here is a critical step toward the industry-scale fabrication of 2D-materials-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Sitek
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
- CENTERA Laboratory, Institute for High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sokołowska 29, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Arkadiusz P Gertych
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Giza
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Dąbrowski
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics, University of Łódź, Pomorska 149/153, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Maciej Rogala
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics, University of Łódź, Pomorska 149/153, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Konrad Wilczyński
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kaleta
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Kret
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ben R Conran
- AIXTRON Ltd, Buckingway Business Park, Anderson Road, Swavesey, Cambridge CB24 4FQ, U.K
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- AIXTRON Ltd, Buckingway Business Park, Anderson Road, Swavesey, Cambridge CB24 4FQ, U.K
| | - Clifford McAleese
- AIXTRON Ltd, Buckingway Business Park, Anderson Road, Swavesey, Cambridge CB24 4FQ, U.K
| | - Michał Macha
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Station 17, CH-015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandra Radenović
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Station 17, CH-015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mariusz Zdrojek
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Pasternak
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Włodek Strupiński
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
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Li HL, Li MJ, Zhao Q, Huang JJ, Zu XY. Analysis of Water Distribution and Muscle Quality of Silver Carp ( Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) Chunks Based on Electron-Beam Irradiation. Foods 2022; 11:foods11192963. [PMID: 36230039 PMCID: PMC9563409 DOI: 10.3390/foods11192963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron-beam irradiation (EBI) is an efficient, safe, and nonthermal sterilization technique that is extensively used in food preservation research. Here we report the effects of different EBI doses (0, 4, 8 kGy) and preservation temperatures (room temperature [RT], 4 °C) on the muscle water distribution and muscle quality indices of silver carp chunks (SCCs). The highest entrapped water content was found in the 4-kGy-irradiated/4-°C-stored samples. The expressible moisture content (EMC) of the SCCs increased with increasing irradiation dose and was significantly lower in the RT group than in the 4 °C group. The irradiation dose and preservation temperature had no significant effect on the moisture content, whiteness value and protein content of SCCs (p > 0.05). When the irradiation dose reached 8 kGy, AV value, POV value and TVB value were significantly increased (p < 0.05). The myofibrillar protein content and actomyosin content of the SCCs in the 4 °C group was higher than that of the specimens in the RT group by 0.29−0.98 mg/mL (p < 0.05) and 36.21−296.58 μg/mL (p < 0.05), respectively. Overall, EBI treatment (4 kGy) and low-temperature preservation (4 °C) helped retain the muscle water content of the SCCs and preserve their quality, thereby endorsing the EBI treatment of silver carp products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Lan Li
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing and Nuclear Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
- Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Logistics Technology for Agro-Product, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Mei-Jin Li
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing and Nuclear Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
- College of Bioengineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing and Nuclear Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
- College of Bioengineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Jia-Jun Huang
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing and Nuclear Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
- College of Bioengineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zu
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing and Nuclear Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
- Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Logistics Technology for Agro-Product, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430064, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-80839098; Fax: +86-27-87380171
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Faga MG, Duraccio D, Di Maro M, Kowandy C, Malucelli G, Mussano FD, Genova T, Coqueret X. Electron-Beam-Induced Grafting of Chitosan onto HDPE/ATZ Composites for Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4016. [PMID: 34833321 DOI: 10.3390/polym13224016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The surface functionalisation of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and HDPE/alumina-toughened zirconia (ATZ) surfaces with chitosan via electron-beam (EB) irradiation technique was exploited for preparing materials suitable for biomedical purposes. ATR–FTIR analysis and wettability measurements were employed for monitoring the surface changes after both irradiation and chitosan grafting reaction. Interestingly, the presence of ATZ loadings beyond 2 wt% influenced both the EB irradiation process and the chitosan functionalisation reaction, decreasing the oxidation of the surface and the chitosan grafting. The EB irradiation induced an increase in Young’s modulus and a decrease in the elongation at the break of all analysed systems, whereas the tensile strength was not affected in a relevant way. Biological assays indicated that electrostatic interactions between the negative charges of the surface of cell membranes and the –NH3+ sites on chitosan chains promoted cell adhesion, while some oxidised species produced during the irradiation process are thought to cause a detrimental effect on the cell viability.
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Srinivasa Raja A, de Boer P, Giepmans BNG, Hoogenboom JP. Electron-Beam Induced Luminescence and Bleaching in Polymer Resins and Embedded Biomaterial. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2100192. [PMID: 34480515 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Electron microscopy is crucial for imaging biological ultrastructure at nanometer resolution. However, electron irradiation also causes specimen damage, reflected in structural and chemical changes that can give rise to alternative signals. Here, luminescence induced by electron-beam irradiation is reported across a range of materials widely used in biological electron microscopy. Electron-induced luminescence is spectrally characterized in two epoxy (Epon, Durcupan) and one methacrylate resin (HM20) over a broad electron fluence range, from 10-4 to 103 mC cm-2 , both with and without embedded biological samples. Electron-induced luminescence is pervasive in polymer resins, embedded biomaterial, and occurs even in fixed, whole cells in the absence of resin. Across media, similar patterns of intensity rise, spectral red-shifting, and bleaching upon increasing electron fluence are observed. Increased landing energies cause reduced scattering in the specimen shifting the luminescence profiles to higher fluences. Predictable and tunable electron-induced luminescence in natural and synthetic polymer media is advantageous for turning many polymers into luminescent nanostructures or to fluorescently visualize (micro)plastics. Furthermore, these findings provide perspective to direct electron-beam excitation approaches like cathodoluminescence that may be obscured by these nonspecific electron-induced signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Srinivasa Raja
- Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2628 CJ, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal de Boer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Ben N G Giepmans
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Jacob P Hoogenboom
- Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2628 CJ, The Netherlands
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Kim HG, Kim YS, Kuk YS, Kwac LK, Choi SH, Park J, Shin HK. Preparation and Characterization of Carbon Fibers from Lyocell Precursors Grafted with Polyacrylamide via Electron-Beam Irradiation. Molecules 2021; 26:2459. [PMID: 33922535 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon fibers, which act as reinforcements in many applications, are often obtained from polyacrylonitrile (PAN). However, their production is expensive and results in waste problems. Therefore, we focused on producing carbon fibers from lyocell, a cellulose-based material, and analyzed the effects of the process parameters on their mechanical properties and carbon yields. Lyocell was initially grafted with polyacrylamide (PAM) via electron-beam irradiation (EBI) and was subsequently stabilized and carbonized. Thermal analysis showed that PAM grafting increased the carbon yields to 20% at 1000 °C when compared to that of raw lyocell, which degraded completely at about 600 °C. Stabilization further increased this yield to 55%. The morphology of the produced carbon fibers was highly dependent on PAM concentration, with fibers obtained at concentrations ≤0.5 wt.% exhibiting clear, rigid, and round cross-sections with smooth surfaces, whereas fibers obtained from 2 and 4 wt.% showed peeling surfaces and attachment between individual fibers due to high viscosity of PAM. These features affected the mechanical properties of the fibers. In this study, carbon fibers of the highest tensile strength (1.39 GPa) were produced with 0.5 wt.% PAM, thereby establishing the feasibility of using EBI-induced PAM grafting on lyocell fabrics to produce high-performance carbon fibers with good yields.
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Park SK, Choi DY, Choi DY, Lee DY, Yoo SH. Influences of Absorbed Dose Rate on the Mechanical Properties and Fiber-Matrix Interaction of High-Density Polyethylene-Based Carbon Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Irradiated by Electron-Beam. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3012. [PMID: 33339384 PMCID: PMC7765887 DOI: 10.3390/polym12123012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a high-density polyethylene (HDPE)-based carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic (CFRTP) was irradiated by an electron-beam. To assess the absorbed dose rate influence on its mechanical properties, the beam energy and absorbed dose were fixed, while the absorbed dose rates were varied. The tensile strength (TS) and Young's modulus (YM) were evaluated. The irradiated CFRTP TS increased at absorbed dose rates of up to 6.8 kGy/s and decreased at higher rates. YM showed no meaningful differences. For CFRTPs constituents, the carbon fiber (CF) TS gradually increased, while the HDPE TS decreased slightly as the absorbed dose rates increased. The OH intermolecular bond was strongly developed in irradiated CFRTP at low absorbed dose rates and gradually declined when increasing those rates. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed that the oxygen content of irradiated CFRTPs decreased with increasing absorbed dose rate due to the shorter irradiation time at higher dose rates. In conclusion, from the TS viewpoint, opposite effects occurred when increasing the absorbed dose rate: a favorable increase in CF TS and adverse decline of attractive hydrogen bonding interactions between HDPE and CF for CFRTPs TS. Therefore, the irradiated CFRTP TS was maximized at an optimum absorbed dose rate of 6.8 kGy/s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Kye Park
- Daegyeong Division, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeongcheon 38822, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (S.K.P.); (D.Y.C.)
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea;
| | - Dong Yun Choi
- Daegyeong Division, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeongcheon 38822, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (S.K.P.); (D.Y.C.)
| | - Du Young Choi
- Carbon Materials Application R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Jeonju 54853, Jeollabuk-do, Korea;
| | - Dong Yun Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea;
| | - Seung Hwa Yoo
- Department of Quantum System Engineering, College of Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
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Guo H, Feng T, Qi W, Kong Q, Yue L, Wang H. Effects of electron-beam irradiation on volatile flavor compounds of salmon fillets by the molecular sensory science technique. J Food Sci 2020; 86:184-193. [PMID: 33249575 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Vacuum-packed salmon was treated by electron beam irradiation preservation technology, to study the effects of electron-beam irradiation on odor active compounds of salmon by two types of methods for extraction: headspace-solid phase micro extraction (HS-SPME) and solvent assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE). Volatile flavor compounds examined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O), combined with aroma extract dilution method (AEDA) and odor activity value (OAV) for identification of important odorants. In addition, the correlation between sensory attributes and volatile compounds of salmon irradiated at different doses was analyzed by partial least squares regression (PLSR). The results showed that after SPME and SAFE extraction, a total of 49 and 70 volatile flavor compounds were detected in salmon before and after electron beam irradiation. AEDA and OAV were further identified, among which 10 odorants were considered as important volatile flavor compounds and played an important role in the formation of aroma contours such as meaty, fatty, and grassy in salmon. In addition, methanethiol, 3-methyl butyraldehyde, 3-methyl propyl aldehyde, dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, and 2-pentyl furan were identified as the important volatile flavor compounds in salmon irradiated with 4 kGy, and were also the unique compounds that constituted irradiation off-odor. In general, salmon irradiated with 1 kGy showed the best aroma profile. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: SPME and SAFE were used as two types of extraction methods for volatile compounds of salmon, which complemented each other. Additionally, combined with AEDA and OAV, characteristic flavor compounds were identified. Furthermore, the odor fingerprint of salmon with E-beam irradiation was established for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Guo
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Tao Feng
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Wenyuan Qi
- Shanghai Shuneng Irradiation Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Qiulian Kong
- Shanghai Shuneng Irradiation Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Ling Yue
- Shanghai Shuneng Irradiation Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Haihong Wang
- Shanghai Shuneng Irradiation Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
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Kopal I, Vršková J, Bakošová A, Harničárová M, Labaj I, Ondrušová D, Valíček J, Krmela J. Modelling the Stiffness-Temperature Dependence of Resin-Rubber Blends Cured by High-Energy Electron Beam Radiation Using Global Search Genetic Algorithm. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112652. [PMID: 33187100 PMCID: PMC7696663 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Modelling the influence of high-energy ionising radiation on the properties of materials with polymeric matrix using advanced artificial intelligence tools plays an important role in the research and development of new materials for various industrial applications. It also applies to effective modification of existing materials based on polymer matrices to achieve the desired properties. In the presented work, the effects of high-energy electron beam radiation with various doses on the dynamic mechanical properties of melamine resin, phenol-formaldehyde resin, and nitrile rubber blend have been studied over a wide temperature range. A new stiffness-temperature model based on Weibull statistics of the secondary bonds breaking during the relaxation transitions has been developed to quantitatively describe changes in the storage modulus with temperature and applied radiation dose until the onset of the temperature of the additional, thermally-induced polymerisation reactions. A global search real-coded genetic algorithm has been successfully applied to optimise the parameters of the developed model by minimising the sum-squared error. An excellent agreement between the modelled and experimental data has been found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kopal
- Department of Numerical Methods and Computational Modeling, Faculty of Industrial Technologies in Púchov, Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín, Ivana Krasku 491/30, 020 01 Púchov, Slovakia; (I.K.); (A.B.); (I.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Juliána Vršková
- Department of Material Technologies and Environment, Faculty of Industrial Technologies in Púchov, Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín, Ivana Krasku 491/30, 020 01 Púchov, Slovakia; (J.V.); (D.O.)
| | - Alžbeta Bakošová
- Department of Numerical Methods and Computational Modeling, Faculty of Industrial Technologies in Púchov, Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín, Ivana Krasku 491/30, 020 01 Púchov, Slovakia; (I.K.); (A.B.); (I.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Marta Harničárová
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Automation and Informatics, Faculty of Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Technology and Business, Faculty of Technology, České Budějovice, Okružní 10, 370 01 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-387-842-109
| | - Ivan Labaj
- Department of Numerical Methods and Computational Modeling, Faculty of Industrial Technologies in Púchov, Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín, Ivana Krasku 491/30, 020 01 Púchov, Slovakia; (I.K.); (A.B.); (I.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Darina Ondrušová
- Department of Material Technologies and Environment, Faculty of Industrial Technologies in Púchov, Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín, Ivana Krasku 491/30, 020 01 Púchov, Slovakia; (J.V.); (D.O.)
| | - Jan Valíček
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Automation and Informatics, Faculty of Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Technology and Business, Faculty of Technology, České Budějovice, Okružní 10, 370 01 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Krmela
- Department of Numerical Methods and Computational Modeling, Faculty of Industrial Technologies in Púchov, Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín, Ivana Krasku 491/30, 020 01 Púchov, Slovakia; (I.K.); (A.B.); (I.L.); (J.K.)
- Department of Transport Means and Diagnostics, Faculty of Transport Engineering, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
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Forster AL, Tsinas Z, Al-Sheikhly M. Effect of Irradiation and Detection of Long-Lived Polyenyl Radicals in Highly Crystalline Ultra-High Molar Mass Polyethylene (UHMMPE) Fibers. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11050924. [PMID: 31137768 PMCID: PMC6571586 DOI: 10.3390/polym11050924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve properties such as thermal conductivity, low temperature thermal strain, and creep resistance of ultra-high molar mass polyethylene (UHMMPE) fibers, several researchers have previously undertaken efforts to crosslink these fibers using radiation. Ionizing radiation is commonly used to crosslink bulk UHMMPE in other applications, such as artificial joints. However, UHMMPE fibers differ from bulk UHMMPE in that they have a higher crystallinity (approximately 85% to 90%) and are very highly oriented during manufacturing in which the fibers are stretched 50 to 100 times their original length. Thus, the amorphous fraction of the UHMMPE fibers is also highly ordered. Several experiments were conducted to crosslink the UHMMPE fibers using both low dose rate (gamma) and high dose rate (electron beam) irradiation, all in the absence of oxygen. In all cases, the tensile strength of the fiber was greatly reduced by the irradiation. The oxidation index was also measured for the irradiated samples, and oxidation was not found to play a major role in the reduction of tensile strength in the fibers after irradiation. While this work did not achieve the desired result of improving the mechanical properties of the UHMMPE fiber, a significant result was found. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum of the UHMMPE fibers was measured shortly after irradiation, and a mixture of allyl and alkyl radicals were detected. The irradiated samples were stored in dark ambient conditions for at least six years, then reexamined using EPR for free radical characterization. Surprisingly, the gamma-irradiated samples showed clear evidence of long-lived polyenyl radicals present in the material. Free radicals are very reactive species that will typically migrate to the surface of the crystalline domain and decay in a relatively short time through various reactions in the amorphous regions. It is hypothesized herein that due to the high crystallinity and large anisotropy of the highly drawn UHMMPE fiber, the polyenyl radicals were trapped in the crystal phase and were unable to migrate and decay. An experiment was performed to test this hypothesis, by which samples of the irradiated fibers were heated to temperatures above first the alpha relaxation and then melting point of polyethylene, and EPR measurements were taken. Results showed that the polyenyl radical signal persisted below the Tm, but was rapidly eliminated upon melting of the crystals. These experiments support the hypothesis that the long-lived polyenyl radicals are trapped in the crystalline region of the polyethylene fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Forster
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8300, USA.
| | - Zois Tsinas
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-2115, USA.
| | - Mohamad Al-Sheikhly
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-2115, USA.
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Yang J, Liu Y, Liu J, Shen Z, Liang J, Wang X. Rapid and Continuous Preparation of Polyacrylonitrile-Based Carbon Fibers with Electron-Beam Irradiation Pretreatment. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:E1270. [PMID: 30042351 DOI: 10.3390/ma11081270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Thermal stabilization is a critical, yet time- and energy-consuming process during the preparation of PAN-based carbon fibers. In this work, automobile-grade carbon fibers with a 2.85 GPa tensile strength and a 203 GPa modulus are continuously produced with electron-beam (e-beam) irradiation pretreatment and 24 min thermal stabilization. Thermal and structural analyses reveal that e-beam irradiation can lower the onset temperature of the cyclization reaction and mitigate the heat release. Meanwhile, during the process of stabilization, e-beam irradiation can facilitate the evolution of both the chemical structure and the crystalline structure of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers. Comparing to the industrial production of carbon fiber with a 40 min stabilization time, e-beam irradiated PAN fibers can achieve the same degree of stabilization with a 40% time savings.
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Madureira J, Melo R, Pimenta AI, Verde SC, Borrely SI. Evaluation of e-beam irradiation effects on the toxicity of slaughterhouse wastewaters. Environ Technol 2018; 39:873-877. [PMID: 28357925 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1313887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Slaughterhouse industry produces large volumes of polluted wastewater, which cause negative impacts on the environment. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of electron-beam irradiation on the ecotoxicity of slaughterhouse effluents with absorbed doses up to 35 kGy. Two acute toxicity assays were applied to evaluate the efficiency of irradiation onto toxicity of wastewater. The exposed living-organisms were a luminescent bacteria Vibrio fischeri, and a freshwater microcrustacean Daphnia similis. Also, the total organic carbon was analysed in order to determine any possible organic carbon removal after irradiation. The ecotoxicological results evidenced that both living-organisms were suitable for the measurements. Therefore, the results demonstrated the toxicity of the effluent and its similarity for both organisms as well as the potential of radiation to reduce these effects. The 35 kGy dose was very effective for reducing toxic effects of slaughterhouse wastewater for daphnids suggesting that ionizing radiation could be used as a tool for removing toxic charge of such effluents. The type of contamination presented by the effluent justify the needs for alternatives of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Madureira
- a Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C2TN), Instituto Superior Técnico , Universidade de Lisboa , Loures , Portugal
| | - Rita Melo
- a Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C2TN), Instituto Superior Técnico , Universidade de Lisboa , Loures , Portugal
| | - Andreia I Pimenta
- a Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C2TN), Instituto Superior Técnico , Universidade de Lisboa , Loures , Portugal
| | - Sandra Cabo Verde
- a Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C2TN), Instituto Superior Técnico , Universidade de Lisboa , Loures , Portugal
| | - Sueli I Borrely
- b Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP , Radiation Technology Center, CTR , São Paulo , Brazil
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12
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Mirzaei A, Kwon YJ, Wu P, Kim SS, Kim HW. Converting the Conducting Behavior of Graphene Oxides from n-Type to p-Type via Electron-Beam Irradiation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:7324-7333. [PMID: 29400431 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b16458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effects of electron-beam irradiation (EBI) on the structural and gas-sensing properties of graphene oxide (GO). To understand the effects of EBI on the structure and gas-sensing behavior of irradiated GO, the treated GO was compared with nonirradiated GO. Characterization results indicated an enhancement in the number of oxygen functional groups that occurs with EBI exposure at 100 kGy and then decreases with doses in the range of 100-500 kGy. Data from Raman spectra indicated that EBI could generate defects, and NO2-sensing results at room temperature showed a decreased NO2 response after exposure to EBI at 100 kGy; further increasing the dose to 500 kGy resulted in p-type semiconducting conductivity. The conversion of GO from n-type to p-type via EBI is explained not only through the generation of holes but also the variation in the amount of residual functional groups, including carboxyl (COOH) and hydroxyl groups (C-OH). The obtained results suggest that EBI can be a useful tool to convert GO into a diverse range of sensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mirzaei
- The Research Institute of Industrial Science, Hanyang University , Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jung Kwon
- Non-Ferrous Materials & Components R&BD Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology , Gangneung 25440, Republic of Korea
| | - Ping Wu
- Entropic Interface Group, Singapore University of Technology & Design , Singapore 138682, Singapore
| | - Sang Sub Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University , Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoun Woo Kim
- The Research Institute of Industrial Science, Hanyang University , Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University , Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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13
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Yi N, Wang S, Duan Z, Wang K, Song Q, Xiao S. Tailoring the Performances of Lead Halide Perovskite Devices with Electron-Beam Irradiation. Adv Mater 2017; 29. [PMID: 28681999 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201701636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskites are intensively studied in past few years due to their potential applications in optoelectronic devices such as solar cells, photodetectors, light-emitting diodes (LED), and lasers. In addition to the rapid developments in material synthesis and device fabrication, it is also very interesting to postsynthetically control the optical properties with external irradiations. Here, the influences of very low energy (10-20 keV) electron beam of standard electron beam lithography are experimentally explored on the properties of lead halide perovskites. It is confirmed that the radiolysis process also happens and it can selectively change the photoluminescence, enabling the direct formation of nanolaser array, microsized light emitter array, and micropictures with an electron beam writer. Interestingly, it is found that discontinuous metallic lead layers are formed on the top and bottom surfaces of perovskite microplate during the radiolysis process, which can act as carrier conducting layers and significantly increase the photocurrent of perovskite photodetector by a factor of 217%. By using the electron beam with low energy to modify the perovskite, this method promises to shape the emission patterns for micro-LED with well-preserved optical properties and improves the photocurrent of photodetector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningbo Yi
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zonghui Duan
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Kaiyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qinghai Song
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Shumin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
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14
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Kim JJ, Ha JM, Lee HM, Raza HS, Park JW, Cho SO. Effect of Electron-Beam Irradiation on Organic Semiconductor and Its Application for Transistor-Based Dosimeters. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:19192-19196. [PMID: 27399874 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b05555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The effects of electron-beam irradiation on the organic semiconductor rubrene and its application as a dosimeter was investigated. Through the measurements of photoluminescence and the ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, we found that electron-beam irradiation induces n-doping of rubrene. Additionally, we fabricated rubrene thin-film transistors with pristine and irradiated rubrene, and discovered that the decrease in transistor properties originated from the irradiation of rubrene and that the threshold voltages are shifted to the opposite directions as the irradiated layers. Finally, a highly sensitive and air-stable electron dosimeter was fabricated based on a rubrene transistor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Joon Kim
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Mok Ha
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeok Moo Lee
- Department of Informative Electronic Materials, LG Chemistry Research Park , Daejeon 305-738, Republic of Korea
| | - Hamid Saeed Raza
- Safety Analysis Center (SAC), Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority 42-C , 24th Commercial Street, Phase-II Ext., DHA, Karachi 75500, Pakistan
| | - Ji Won Park
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Oh Cho
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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15
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Katagiri Y, Nakamura T, Ishii A, Ohata C, Hasegawa M, Katsumoto S, Cusati T, Fortunelli A, Iannaccone G, Fiori G, Roche S, Haruyama J. Gate-Tunable Atomically Thin Lateral MoS2 Schottky Junction Patterned by Electron Beam. Nano Lett 2016; 16:3788-94. [PMID: 27152475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Among atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is attracting considerable attention because of its direct bandgap in the 2H-semiconducting phase. On the other hand, a 1T-metallic phase has been revealed, bringing complementary application. Recently, thanks to top-down fabrication using electron beam (EB) irradiation techniques, in-plane 1T-metal/2H-semiconductor lateral (Schottky) MoS2 junctions were demonstrated, opening a path toward the co-integration of active and passive two-dimensional devices. Here, we report the first transport measurements evidencing the formation of a MoS2 Schottky barrier (SB) junction with barrier height of 0.13-0.18 eV created at the interface between EB-irradiated (1T)/nonirradiated (2H) regions. Our experimental findings, supported by state-of-the-art simulation, reveal unique device fingerprint of SB-based field-effect transistors made from atom-thin 1T layers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - T Nakamura
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | | | | | | | - S Katsumoto
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - T Cusati
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Pisa , Via G. Caruso, 16, Pisa 56122, Italy
| | - A Fortunelli
- CNR-ICCOM , via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Iannaccone
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Pisa , Via G. Caruso, 16, Pisa 56122, Italy
| | - G Fiori
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Pisa , Via G. Caruso, 16, Pisa 56122, Italy
| | - S Roche
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats , 08070 Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Shin BY, Ha MH, Han DH. Morphological, Rheological, and Mechanical Properties of Polyamide 6/Polypropylene Blends Compatibilized by Electron-Beam Irradiation in the Presence of a Reactive Agent. Materials (Basel) 2016; 9:ma9050342. [PMID: 28773466 PMCID: PMC5503080 DOI: 10.3390/ma9050342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An immiscible polyamide 6 (PA6)/polypropylene (PP) blend was compatibilized by electron-beam irradiation in the presence of reactive agent. Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was chosen as a reactive agent for interfacial cross-copolymerization between dispersed PP and continuous PA6 phases initiated by electron-beam irradiation. The PA6/PP (80/20) mixture containing GMA was prepared using a twin-screw extruder, and then exposed to an electron-beam at various doses at room temperature to produce compatibilized PA6/PP blends. The morphological, rheological, and mechanical properties of blends produced were investigated. Morphology analysis revealed that the diameter of PP particles dispersed in PA6 matrix was decreased with increased irradiation dose and interfacial adhesion increased due to high surface area of treated PP particles. Complex viscosities (η*) and storage moduli (G’) of blends increased with increasing irradiation dose and were higher than those of PA6 and PP. The complex viscosity of the blend irradiated at 200 kGy was 64 and 8 times higher than PA6 and PP, respectively. The elongation at break of blend irradiated less than 100 kGy was about twice that of PA6. Electron beam treatment improved the compatibility at the interface between PA6 and PP matrix in the presence of GMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boo Young Shin
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea.
| | - Man Ho Ha
- R & D Center, Korea Petrochemical Limited, Ulsan 44785, Korea.
| | - Do Hung Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea.
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17
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Mulyana Y, Uenuma M, Okamoto N, Ishikawa Y, Yamashita I, Uraoka Y. Creating Reversible p-n Junction on Graphene through Ferritin Adsorption. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:8192-8200. [PMID: 26943894 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An alternative way to construct a stable p-n junction on graphene-based field effect transistor (G-FET) through physical adsorption of ferritin (spherical protein shell) is presented. The produced p-n junction on G-FET could also operate through water-gate. Native ferritins are known to be negatively charged in wet condition; however, we found that native negatively charged ferritins became positively charged after performing electron beam (EB)-irradiation. We utilized this property to construct p-n junction on G-FET. We found also that EB-irradiation could remove the effect of charged impurity adsorbed on graphene layer, thus the Dirac point was adjusted to gate voltage Vg = 0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Mulyana
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Materials Science , 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Mutsunori Uenuma
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Materials Science , 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Naofumi Okamoto
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Materials Science , 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Ishikawa
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Materials Science , 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Ichiro Yamashita
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Materials Science , 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yukiharu Uraoka
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Materials Science , 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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18
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Huang R, Wang L, Zhang Q, Chen Z, Li Z, Pan D, Zhao B, Wu M, Wu CML, Shek CH. Irradiated Graphene Loaded with SnO₂ Quantum Dots for Energy Storage. ACS Nano 2015; 9:11351-11361. [PMID: 26434377 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b05146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Tin dioxide (SnO2) and graphene are unique strategic functional materials with widespread technological applications, particularly in the areas of solar batteries, optoelectronic devices, and solid-state gas sensors owing to advances in optical and electronic properties. Versatile strategies for microstructural evolution and related performance of SnO2 and graphene composites are of fundamental importance in the development of electrode materials. Here we report that a novel composite, SnO2 quantum dots (QDs) supported by graphene nanosheets (GNSs), has been prepared successfully by a simple hydrothermal method and electron-beam irradiation (EBI) strategies. Microstructure analysis indicates that the EBI technique can induce the exfoliation of GNSs and increase their interlayer spacing, resulting in the increase of GNS amorphization, disorder, and defects and the removal of partial oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of GNSs. The investigation of SnO2 nanoparticles supported by GNSs (SnO2/GNSs) reveals that the GNSs are loaded with SnO2 QDs, which are dispersed uniformly on both sides of GNSs. Interestingly, the electrochemical performance of SnO2/GNSs indicates that SnO2 QDs supported by a 210 kGy irradiated GNS shows excellent cycle response, high specific capacity, and high reversible capacity. This novel SnO2/GNS composite has potential practical applications in SnO2 electrode materials during Li(+) insertion/extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhiwen Chen
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | | | | | | | | | - C M Lawrence Wu
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Chan-Hung Shek
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
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19
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Alves MJ, Fernandes Â, Barreira JCM, Lourenço I, Fernandes D, Moura A, Ribeiro AR, Salgado J, Antonio A, Ferreira ICFR. How gamma-rays and electron-beam irradiation would affect the antimicrobial activity of differently processed wild mushroom extracts? J Appl Microbiol 2015; 118:592-8. [PMID: 25487785 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The effects of irradiation (gamma-rays and electron-beams), up to 10 kGy, in the antimicrobial activity of mushroom species (Boletus edulis, Hydnum repandum, Macrolepiota procera and Russula delica) differently processed (fresh, dried, freeze) were evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS Clinical isolates with different resistance profiles from hospitalized patients in Local Health Unit of Mirandela, Northeast of Portugal, were used as target micro-organisms. The mushrooms antimicrobial activity did not suffer significant changes that might compromise applying irradiation as a possible mushroom conservation technology. CONCLUSIONS Two kGy dose (independently of using gamma-rays or electron-beams) seemed to be the most suitable choice to irradiate mushrooms. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study provides important results in antimicrobial activity of extracts prepared from irradiated mushroom species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Alves
- Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal; Unidade Local de Saúde do Nordeste - Unidade de Mirandela, Mirandela, Portugal; Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), ESA, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
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20
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Yao L, Majumdar S, Äkäslompolo L, Inkinen S, Qin QH, van Dijken S. Electron-beam-induced Perovskite-Brownmillerite-Perovskite structural phase transitions in epitaxial La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 films. Adv Mater 2014; 26:2789-2793. [PMID: 24554587 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201305656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Structural phase transitions driven by oxygen-vacancy ordering can drastically affect the properties of transition metal oxides. The focused electron beam of a transmission electron microscope (TEM) can be used to control structural phase transitions in epitaxial La2/3Sr1/3MnO3. The ability to induce and characterize oxygen-deficient structural phases simultaneously in a continuous and controllable manner opens up new pathways for atomic-scale studies of transition metal oxides and other complex materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lide Yao
- NanoSpin, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box, 15100, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland
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