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Abstract
The Sixteenth International Conference on Endothelin (ET-16) was held September 22-25, 2019, in Kobe Port Oasis, Kobe, Japan, and co-chaired by Noriaki Emoto, MD, PhD, from Kobe Pharmaceutical University and Bambang Widyantoro, MD, PhD, from the University of Indonesia. As the sixteenth iteration of this biannual conference that has been held since 1988, ET-16 provided a platform for researchers of all generations from all parts of the world to present novel discoveries in the field of endothelin. ET-16 returned to Asia and to Kobe, Japan, after 6 years of alternating venues with North America and Europe, with over 100 participants attending, sharing, and discussing the newest findings on endothelin and endothelin receptor antagonists in science and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bambang Widyantoro
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, National Cardiovascular Centre Harapan Kita, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Gusty Rizky Teguh Ryanto
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutical Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki, Chuo, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Noriaki Emoto
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutical Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki, Chuo, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
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Burke-Kleinman J, Maurice DH. Phosphodiesterase 4D7 selectively regulates cAMP-mediated control of human arterial endothelial cell transcriptomic responses to fluid shear stress. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 99:179-184. [PMID: 32846105 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human arterial endothelial cells (HAECs) regulate their phenotype by integrating signals encoded in the frictional forces exerted by flowing blood, fluid shear stress (FSS). High laminar FSS promotes establishment of adaptive HAEC phenotype protective against atherosclerosis, whereas low or disturbed FSS cause HAECs to adopt atheroprone phenotypes. A vascular endothelial cadherin (VE cadherin)-based mechanosensory complex allows HAECs to regulate barrier function, cell morphology,/ and gene expression in response to FSS. Previously, we reported that this mechanosensor integrated exchange protein activated by cAMP (EPAC1) and a PDE4D gene derived cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE), but had not identified the PDE4D variant involved. Our hypothesis here was that only one of the two ∼100 kDa PDE4D variants expressed in HAECs coordinated these responses. Now, we show one unique PDE4D splice variant, PDE4D7, controls transcriptional responses of HAECs to FSS while another, PDE4D5, does not. Adaptive transcriptional responses of HAECs subjected to laminar FSS in vitro were blunted in cells in which PDE4D7 was silenced, but unaffected in cells with silenced PDE4D5. This work identifies a specific therapeutic target for the treatment or prevention of atherosclerosis and improves our understanding of the role of cAMP signaling in modulating mechanosensory signal transduction in the vascular endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah Burke-Kleinman
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.,Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Donald H Maurice
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.,Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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Triggle CR, Ding H, Marei I, Anderson TJ, Hollenberg MD. Why the endothelium? The endothelium as a target to reduce diabetes-associated vascular disease. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 98:415-430. [PMID: 32150686 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 66 years, our knowledge of the role of the endothelium in the regulation of cardiovascular function and dysfunction has advanced from the assumption that it is a single layer of cells that serves as a barrier between the blood stream and vascular smooth muscle to an understanding of its role as an essential endocrine-like organ. In terms of historical contributions, we pay particular credit to (1) the Canadian scientist Dr. Rudolf Altschul who, based on pathological changes in the appearance of the endothelium, advanced the argument in 1954 that "one is only as old as one's endothelium" and (2) the American scientist Dr. Robert Furchgott, a 1998 Nobel Prize winner in Physiology or Medicine, who identified the importance of the endothelium in the regulation of blood flow. This review provides a brief history of how our knowledge of endothelial function has advanced and now recognize that the endothelium produces a plethora of signaling molecules possessing paracrine, autocrine, and, arguably, systemic hormone functions. In addition, the endothelium is a therapeutic target for the anti-diabetic drugs metformin, glucagon-like peptide I (GLP-1) receptor agonists, and inhibitors of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) that offset the vascular disease associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris R Triggle
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hong Ding
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
| | - Isra Marei
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
| | - Todd J Anderson
- Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Morley D Hollenberg
- Inflammation Research Network, Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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Ruane-O'Hora T, O'Malley D, Buckley MM, Markos F. Heparan sulphate and hyaluronic acid components of the glycocalyx do not play a role in flow-mediated dilation of the iliac in the anaesthetized pig. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:746-752. [PMID: 31084580 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The shear-stress sensor function of vascular glycocalyx heparan sulphate and hyaluronic acid was investigated in vivo by assessing flow-mediated dilation before and after their removal. Heparinase III exposure (100 mU·mL-1 for 20 min;n = 6) did not significantly affect flow-mediated dilation of the iliac, from 0.42 ± 0.08 mm (mean ± SEM) to 0.34 ± 0.07 mm after (P = 0.12; paired Student's t test) for a statistically similar increase in shear stress; 18.24 ± 4.2 N·m-2 for the control and 15.8 ± 3.6 N·m-2 for the heparinase III experiment (P = 0.18). Hyaluronidase exposure (0.14-1.4 mg·mL-1 for 20 min; n = 8) also did not significantly reduce flow-mediated dilation of the iliac, which averaged 0.39 ± 0.08 mm before and 0.38 ± 0.09 mm after (P = 0.11) for a statistically similar increase in shear stress; 11.90 ± 3.20 N·m-2 for the control and 9.8 ± 3.33 N·m-2 for the hyaluronidase experiment (P = 0.88). Removal of both heparan sulphate and hyaluronic acid was confirmed using immunohistochemistry. Neither the heparan sulphate nor the hyaluronic acid components of the glycocalyx mediate shear-stress-induced vasodilation in conduit arteries in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ruane-O'Hora
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - D O'Malley
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - M M Buckley
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - F Markos
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Carrier É, Houde M, Grandbois M, Bkaily G, Warner TD, D'Orléans-Juste P. Inhibition of platelet aggregation ex vivo is repressed in apolipoprotein E deficient mice. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:954-960. [PMID: 28704616 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we assessed whether the endogenous platelet inhibitory mechanisms are altered in the early to moderate stages of the atherosclerotic process. Apolipoprotein E deficient mice (ApoE-/-), a mouse model of atherosclerosis, and their wild-type (WT) counterparts were used to assess agonist-stimulated synthesis of prostacyclin (PGI2), inhibition of platelet aggregation ex vivo, and intra-platelet cAMP levels. Basal U46619 and ADP -induced platelet aggregation in vitro were increased in ApoE-/- mice at 18-20 weeks in comparison with 8-10 weeks of age. Systemically administered endothelin-1 (ET-1) or bradykinin (BK) inhibited platelet aggregation in a similar fashion in 8- to 10-week-old ApoE-/- and WT mice, but not in the ApoE-/- mice at 18-20 weeks of age, although both peptides maintained their capacity to increase plasma levels of the PGI2. Intravenous infusion of PGI2 also failed to inhibit platelet aggregation ex vivo in 18- to 20-week-old ApoE-/- mice. Interestingly, both BK and PGI2 retained their ability to increase intraplatelet cAMP in WT and ApoE-/- mice. Our results suggest that a loss of activity of endogenous inhibitorymechanisms could contribute to the increased platelet reactivity in ApoE-/- mice, and that this phenomenon occurs early in the intermediate stage of the atherosclerotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- É Carrier
- a Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - M Houde
- a Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - M Grandbois
- a Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - G Bkaily
- b Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - T D Warner
- c The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - P D'Orléans-Juste
- a Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
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Fujii N, Louie JC, McNeely BD, Amano T, Nishiyasu T, Kenny GP. Mechanisms of nicotine-induced cutaneous vasodilation and sweating in young adults: roles for K Ca, K ATP, and K V channels, nitric oxide, and prostanoids. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 42:470-478. [PMID: 28177721 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the influence of K+ channels (i.e., Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa), ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP), and voltage-gated K+ (KV) channels) and key enzymes (nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)) on nicotine-induced cutaneous vasodilation and sweating. Using intradermal microdialysis, we evaluated forearm cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) and sweat rate in 2 separate protocols. In protocol 1 (n = 10), 4 separate sites were infused with (i) lactated Ringer (Control), (ii) 50 mmol·L-1 tetraethylammonium (KCa channel blocker), (iii) 5 mmol·L-1 glybenclamide (KATP channel blocker), and (iv) 10 mmol·L-1 4-aminopyridine (KV channel blocker). In protocol 2 (n = 10), 4 sites were infused with (i) lactated Ringer (Control), (ii) 10 mmol·L-1 Nω-nitro-l-arginine (NOS inhibitor), (iii) 10 mmol·L-1 ketorolac (COX inhibitor), or (iv) a combination of NOS+COX inhibitors. At all sites, nicotine was infused in a dose-dependent manner (1.2, 3.6, 11, 33, and 100 mmol·L-1; each for 25 min). Nicotine-induced increase in CVC was attenuated by the KCa, KATP, and KV channel blockers, whereas nicotine-induced increase in sweat rate was reduced by the KCa and KV channel blockers (P ≤ 0.05). COX inhibitor augmented nicotine-induced increase in CVC (P ≤ 0.05), which was absent when NOS inhibitor was co-administered (P > 0.05). In addition, our secondrary experiment (n = 7) demonstrated that muscarinic receptor blockade with 58 μmol·L-1 atropine sulfate salt monohydrate abolished nicotine-induced increases in CVC (1.2-11 mmol·L-1) and sweating (all doses). We show that under a normothermic resting state: (i) KCa, KATP, and KV channels contribute to nicotinic cutaneous vasodilation, (ii) inhibition of COX augments nicotinic cutaneous vasodilation likely through NOS-dependent mechanism(s), and (iii) KCa and KV channels contribute to nicotinic sweating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Fujii
- a Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jeffrey C Louie
- a Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Brendan D McNeely
- a Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tatsuro Amano
- b Laboratory for Exercise and Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Education, Niigata University, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nishiyasu
- c Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Japan
| | - Glen P Kenny
- a Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Abstract
High-fat diets are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. A potential underlying mechanism for the increased cardiovascular risk is endothelial dysfunction. Nitric oxide (NO)-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilation is critical in the regulation of vascular tone and overall vascular health. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of dietary fat intake on endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Forty-four middle-aged and older sedentary, healthy adults were studied: 24 consumed a lower fat diet (LFD; 29% ± 1% calories from fat) and 20 consumed a high-fat diet (HFD; 41% ± 1% calories from fat). Four-day diet records were used to assess fat intake, and classifications were based on American Heart Association guidelines (<35% of total calories from fat). Forearm blood flow (FBF) responses to acetylcholine, in the absence and presence of the endothelial NO synthase inhibitor N(G)-monomethyl-l-arginine (L-NMMA), as well as responses to sodium nitroprusside were determined by plethysmography. The FBF response to acetylcholine was lower (∼15%; P < 0.05) in the HFD group (4.5 ± 0.2 to 12.1 ± 0.8 mL/100 mL tissue/min) than in the LFD group (4.6 ± 0.2 to 14.4 ± 0.6 mL/100 mL tissue/min). L-NMMA significantly reduced the FBF response to acetylcholine in the LFD group (∼25%) but not in the HFD group. There were no differences between groups in the vasodilator response to sodium nitroprusside. These data indicate that a high-fat diet is associated with endothelium-dependent vasodilator dysfunction due, in part, to diminished NO bioavailability. Impaired NO-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilation may contribute to the increased cardiovascular risk with high dietary fat intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin A Dow
- a Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Brian L Stauffer
- a Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.,b Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver and the Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,c Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO 80204, USA
| | - Jared J Greiner
- a Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Christopher A DeSouza
- a Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.,b Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver and the Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Flammer AJ, Sudano I. [How does chocolate impact vascular function?]. Praxis (Bern 1994) 2014; 103:1371-1377. [PMID: 25391743 DOI: 10.1024/1661-8157/a001838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
For thousands of years, cocoa have been a very popular food and has been linked to various beneficial health effects. Observational and epidemiological studies point towards a beneficial effect of dark chocolate on cardiovascular morbidity. Several small, albeit controlled studies indeed demonstrate an amelioration of endothelial dysfunction - the dysfunction of the inner layer of the vessels - after intake of dark, flavanol-rich chocolate. This is important, as endothelial dysfunction is an important marker of the development of atherosclerosis and an important prognosticator of future cardiovascular events. This article summarizes the actual literature in this respect.
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