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Jung O, Becker JP, Smeets R, Gosau M, Becker G, Kahl-Nieke B, Jung AK, Heiland M, Kopp A, Barbeck M, Koehne T. Surface Characteristics of Esthetic Nickel⁻Titanium and Beta-Titanium Orthodontic Archwires Produced by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO)-Primary Results. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:ma12091403. [PMID: 31052150 PMCID: PMC6539843 DOI: 10.3390/ma12091403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aim: There is continuing interest in engineering esthetic labial archwires. The aim of this study was to coat nickel–titanium (NiTi) and beta-titanium (β-Ti), also known as titanium molybdenum (TMA), archwires by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) and to analyze the characteristics of the PEO-surfaces. Materials and Methods: PEO-coatings were generated on 0.014-inch NiTi and 0.19 × 0.25-inch β-Ti archwires. The surfaces were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and stereomicroscopy. Cytocompatibility testing was performed with ceramized and untreated samples according to EN ISO 10993-5 in XTT-, BrdU- and LDH-assays. The direct cell impact was analyzed using LIVE-/DEAD-staining. In addition, the archwires were inserted in an orthodontic model and photographs were taken before and after insertion. Results: The PEO coatings were 15 to 20 µm thick with a whitish appearance. The cytocompatibility analysis revealed good cytocompatibility results for both ceramized NiTi and β-Ti archwires. In the direct cell tests, the ceramized samples showed improved compatibility as compared to those of uncoated samples. However, bending of the archwires resulted in loss of the PEO-surfaces. Nevertheless, it was possible to insert the β-Ti PEO-coated archwire in an orthodontic model without loss of the PEO-ceramic. Conclusion: PEO is a promising technique for the generation of esthetic orthodontic archwires. Since the PEO-coating does not resist bending, its clinical use seems to be limited so far to orthodontic techniques using straight or pre-bent archwires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Jung
- Division of Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, Research Group Biomaterials/Surfaces, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Jean-Philippe Becker
- Division of Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, Research Group Biomaterials/Surfaces, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ralf Smeets
- Division of Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, Research Group Biomaterials/Surfaces, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Martin Gosau
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Germain Becker
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Bärbel Kahl-Nieke
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Anne-Kathrin Jung
- Division of Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, Research Group Biomaterials/Surfaces, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Max Heiland
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 12200 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Mike Barbeck
- Division of Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, Research Group Biomaterials/Surfaces, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Till Koehne
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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da Silva DL, Mattos CT, de Araújo MVA, de Oliveira Ruellas AC. Color stability and fluorescence of different orthodontic esthetic archwires. Angle Orthod 2013; 83:127-132. [PMID: 22591261 PMCID: PMC8805526 DOI: 10.2319/121311-764.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the color stability of six esthetic archwires at different time periods and their fluorescence. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples were evaluated after 7, 14, and 21 days of immersion in staining solution. Color measurements were performed by means of a spectrophotometer according to the Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage L*a*b* system, and color changes (ΔE*) and National Bureau of Standards units were computed. The fluorescence of as-received samples was evaluated by two observers and compared with that of a bovine central incisor. Statistical differences were investigated using analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test. RESULTS All brands showed statistically significant color change after 21 days (ΔE* from 1.88 to 12.06). The Optis archwire (fiber-reinforced composite) presented the highest color alteration, although staining was observed only near its ends. The Trianeiro archwire (coated nickel-titanium) and the Ortho Organizers archwire (coated stainless steel) presented with less color change. The Optis archwire was the only one that presented with fluorescence similar to that of bovine teeth. CONCLUSIONS All esthetic archwires assessed showed clinically noticeable color change after 21 days in staining solution. The optical properties of currently available esthetic archwires may not yet be ideal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayanne Lopes da Silva
- Master's Degree Student, Department of Orthodontics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudia Trindade Mattos
- MD and PhD Student, Department of Orthodontics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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