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Cox JF, Carrasco A, Navarrete F, Bocic A, Saravia F, Dorado J. A Subovulatory Dose of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) May Sustain Terminal Follicle Development and Reproductive Efficiency during Anestrus in Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1096. [PMID: 38612335 PMCID: PMC11011159 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The study tested the hypothesis that a single administration of hCG supports the LH-dependent phase of terminal follicular development in synchronized sheep during anestrus, using eCG as a functional reference. Using a clinical approach, four experiments were designed to achieve the following: (1) Identify the inhibitory influence of anestrus on reproduction efficiency; (2) Assess the potential of hCG to keep functional blood concentrations after a single dose; (3) Characterize the effect of different doses of hCG on reproductive functional markers; (4) To compare the ability of hCG to that of eCG to support follicular development and fertility based on the same markers. The results showed that anestrus seems to affect follicular and luteal function under LH dependency as FSH-dependent markers are not compromised; hCG maintains higher blood concentrations than controls for at least 48 h; hCG improves follicular development and ovulatory rates compared to controls and at standards comparable to a breeding season; and ewes treated with hCG exhibit similar performance to those treated with eCG. Our results conclude that hCG can be used to support follicular function during anestrus in sheep, aiming to perfect its regulation in assisted reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Francisco Cox
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Vicente Méndez 595, Chillán 3780000, Chile (A.B.); (F.S.)
| | - Albert Carrasco
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Vicente Méndez 595, Chillán 3780000, Chile (A.B.); (F.S.)
| | - Felipe Navarrete
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Vicente Méndez 595, Chillán 3780000, Chile (A.B.); (F.S.)
| | - Antonio Bocic
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Vicente Méndez 595, Chillán 3780000, Chile (A.B.); (F.S.)
| | - Fernando Saravia
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Vicente Méndez 595, Chillán 3780000, Chile (A.B.); (F.S.)
| | - Jesús Dorado
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Campus Rabanales, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
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Melo DB, Coelho WM, Marques TC, Salman S, Macedo IM, Castro T, Menezes MCG, Monteiro HF, Cotterman RF, Conley AJ, Lima FS. Effect of 200 μg of gonadorelin hydrochloride at the first GnRH of a CIDR Synch program on ovulation rate and pregnancies per AI in Holstein heifers. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00527-7. [PMID: 38460874 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The initial ovulatory response during synchronization programs is often low in dairy heifers, largely due to follicular dynamics and hormonal dynamics. Specifically, the progesterone concentration (P4) at the time of the first GnRH treatment in a breeding program can influence the LH response, often resulting in a suboptimal ovulatory response. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the highest label dose 200 μg (100 μg vs. 200 μg) of GnRH (50 μg gonadorelin hydrochloride per mL; Factrel®; Zoetis Inc. Madison, NJ) at the first GnRH of a 6-d CoSynch plus P4 device program on ovulatory response and pregnancy per AI (P/AI) in first service in Holstein heifers. A total of 1308 Holstein heifers were randomly allocated at the beginning of a 6-d CIDR-Synch program, Day 0, to receive either i.m. treatment of 100 μg (2CC, n = 655) or 200 μg (4CC, n = 653) of GnRH. Also, at Day 0, heifers received an intravaginal insert with 1.38 g of P4 (Eazi-Breed CIDR® Cattle Insert; Zoetis Inc., Madison, NJ). On Day 6, the insert was removed, and i.m. treatment of 25 mg of PGF2α (12.5 mg dinoprost tromethamine/mL; Lutalyse® HighCon Injection Zoetis) was administered. On Day 7, a second i.m. treatment of 25 mg of PGF2α was given, followed on Day 9 by concurrent i.m. treatment of 100 μg of GnRH and timed AI (TAI). A subset of 396 heifers had their ovaries scanned to evaluate ovulatory response, and blood samples were collected to measure the serum concentration of P4 at Day 0 and Day 6 of the study. The P4 concentrations at Day 0 were categorized as Low (≤3ng/mL) or High (>3ng/mL). The ovulatory response was greater for heifers receiving 4CC than 2CC at Day 0 (54.7% vs. 42.8%). The ovulatory response was greater for Low P4 than High P4 at Day 0 (54.3% vs. 37.8%). However, there was not an interaction between treatment and P4 concentrations (Low P4 2CC = 48.6% vs. High P4 2CC = 30.0%; Low P4 4CC = 60.0% vs. High P4 4CC = 45.5%). The ROC curve analysis indicates that P4 concentrations at Day 0 treatment could predict the ovulatory response, although the area under the curve was only 0.6. As expected, heifers that ovulated had increased P/AI (No = 55.6% vs. Yes = 67.7%); however, there was no effect of treatment on P/AI (2CC = 63.3% vs. 4CC = 59.6%), nor interactions between treatment and ovulation and treatment and P4 (HIGH vs LOW) for pregnancy outcomes. In summary, P4 concentration and increasing the dose of GnRH at Day 0 positively impacted ovulatory response in Holstein heifers. However, there was no interaction between treatment and P4 on ovulation and no subsequent impact of GnRH dose on P/AI.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Melo
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - W M Coelho
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - T C Marques
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - S Salman
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - I M Macedo
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - T Castro
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - M C G Menezes
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - H F Monteiro
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - R F Cotterman
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - A J Conley
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - F S Lima
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616.
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Cosentino IO, Balaro MFA, Menchaca A, Perez-Clariget R, Ungerfeld R, Brandão FZ. Recent advances in treatments for resynchronization of ovulation in small ruminants: a review. Anim Reprod 2023; 20:e20220111. [PMID: 37101425 PMCID: PMC10124157 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar-2022-011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hormonal methodologies to control small ruminants' estrous cycle are worldwide used and evolved, adjusting the application to the precise female physiological moments to enhance reproductive performance. The estrous cycle can be induced and/or synchronized, aiming for fixed-time artificial insemination, or based on estrus behavior signs for insemination, natural or guided mating. Successive protocols can be performed to resynchronize ovulation and increase reproductive outcomes in females that failed to conceive. These recently developed treatments aim to resynchronize the ovulation as earlier as non-pregnancy is detected. The present review aimed to summarize the recent advances and main findings regarding resynchronization protocols used in small ruminants. Lastly, we present future perspectives and new paths to be studied in the subject. The resynchronization treatment is still a growing field in small ruminant reproduction, nevertheless, some enhancements are found in the reproductive outcome, showing that such protocols can be successfully used in sheep and goat production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alejo Menchaca
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Uruguay, Fundación IRAUy, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Raquel Perez-Clariget
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Pasturas, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rodolfo Ungerfeld
- Departamento de Biociencias Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Akamatsu Y, Tanaka T, Endo N. Effects of intravaginal administration of prostaglandin F 2α on luteolysis and subsequent estrus in Shiba goats (Capra hircus). Anim Sci J 2023; 94:e13898. [PMID: 38061882 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of intravaginal administration of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α ) on luteolysis and subsequent estrus in cycling goats. Goats with functional corpus lutea received one of five treatments: 2 mg of PG intramuscularly (IM2 × 1; n = 6), 2 mg of PGF2α intravaginally (IVG2 × 1; n = 7), 4 mg of PGF2α intravaginally (IVG4 × 1; n = 7), and 1 or 2 mg of PGF2α intravaginally 8 h apart (IVG1 × 2 group; n = 6 and IVG2 × 2; n = 8). Blood samples were collected at 24-h intervals from 0 to 7 days after PGF2α administration. Estrus was checked twice daily during the experiment. The proportion of goats with complete luteolysis (reduction of progesterone concentrations to <1 ng/mL until 48 h after treatment) in the IVG2 × 1 group (28.6%) was significantly lower than in the other groups (IM2 × 1; 100%, IVG4 × 1; 57.1%, IVG1 × 2; 87.5%, IVG2 × 2; 100%, respectively). For goats completing luteolysis, there was no significant difference in the onset and duration of estrus among the groups. These results suggest that intravaginal administration of PGF2α can be applied as an alternative to intramuscular administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Akamatsu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Reproduction, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Tanaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Reproduction, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsumi Endo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Reproduction, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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Jaclyn N Ketchum, Lacey K Quail, Kaitlin M Epperson, Chloey Guy, Jerica J J Rich, Saulo Menegatti Zoca, Adalaide Kline, Taylor Andrews, Julie Walker, Pedro Fontes, Sandy Johnson, Megan P Owen, Kelsey M Harvey, Adam F Summers, George A Perry. 292 Evaluation of two Beef cow Fixed-Time AI Protocols That Utilize pre-Synchronization. J Anim Sci 2022; 100. [ DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac247.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Pre-synchronization has been evaluated as a method to improve synchrony of ovulatory follicles before fixed-time AI (FTAI). The objective was to compare FTAI results in beef cows from two protocols that utilize pre-synchronization. Blood samples were collected on d-14 (d0=CIDR removal) to determine progesterone concentration at the start of synchronization (P4start: ≥1ng/mL=high, < 1ng/mL=low). In a subset (n=1,032), an additional blood sample was taken between d-21 and -29 to determine cyclicity. Cows (n=1,119), from 21 herds, were grouped by days postpartum and age and randomly assigned to one of two protocols. Cows assigned to the PG 6-day CIDR protocol (PG6d) received prostaglandin F2α (PG) on d-9, CIDR insertion and GnRH on d-6, and CIDR removal and PG on d0. Cows assigned to the 7&7 Synch protocol (7&7) were administered PG and CIDR insertion on d-14, GnRH on d-7, CIDR removal and PG on d0. For both protocols, FTAI occurred coincident with GnRH 66 h after second PG. Pregnancy was determined by transrectal ultrasonography 30-40 d following FTAI. The GLIMMIX procedure of SAS (9.4) was used to detect differences in estrus response and pregnancy success with herd included as a random variable. Estrus response (0 to 66 h) was influenced by treatment (P< 0.01; PG6d=60±5% and 7&7=74±4%), Body Condition Score (P< 0.01), cycling status (P=0.03), P4start (P< 0.01), and a P4start by treatment interaction (P< 0.001; PG6d-highP4=62±6%, PG6d-lowP4=58±6%, 7&7-highP4=84±3%, 7&7-lowP4=60±6%). Pregnancy success was influenced by estrus expression (P< 0.01; estrus=38±4% and no estrus=62±6%), and a treatment by P4start interaction (P=0.04; PG6d-highP4=58±5%, PG6d-lowP4=39±7%, 7&7-highP4=49±5%, 7&7-lowP4=55±8%) but was not influenced by treatment (P=0.45; PG6d=49±4% and 7&7=52±4%). In conclusion, effectiveness of pre-synchronization method depends on a cows’ physiological status at the beginning of the protocol. The 7&7 protocol increased estrus response compared to PG6d, but there was no difference in pregnancy success.
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Hashem NM, EL-Sherbiny HR, Fathi M, Abdelnaby EA. Nanodelivery System for Ovsynch Protocol Improves Ovarian Response, Ovarian Blood Flow Doppler Velocities, and Hormonal Profile of Goats. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12111442. [PMID: 35681906 PMCID: PMC9179570 DOI: 10.3390/ani12111442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifteen cyclic, multiparous goats were equally stratified and received the common Ovsynch protocol (GPG: intramuscular, IM, injection of 50 mg gonadorelin, followed by an IM injection of 125 µg cloprostenol 7 days later, and a further IM injection of 50 mg gonadorelin 2 days later) or the Ovsynch protocol using nanofabricated hormones with the same dosages (NGPG) or half dosages (HNGPG) of each hormone. The ovarian structures and ovarian and luteal artery hemodynamic indices after each injection of the Ovsynch protocol using B-mode, color, and spectral Doppler scanning were monitored. Levels of blood serum progesterone (P4), estradiol (E2), and nitric oxide (NO) were determined. After the first gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) injection, the number of large follicles decreased (p = 0.02) in NGPG and HNGPG, compared with GPG. HNGPG resulted in larger corpus luteum (CL) diameters (p = 0.001), and improved ovarian and luteal blood flow, compared with GPG and NGPG. Both NGPG and HNGPG significantly increased E2 and NO levels compared with GPG. HNGPG increased (p < 0.001) P4 levels compared with GPG, whereas NGPG resulted in an intermediate value. After prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) injection, HNGPG had the largest diameter of CLs (p = 0.001) and significantly improved ovarian blood flow compared with GPG and NGPG. Both NGPG and HNGPG increased (p = 0.007) NO levels, compared with GPG. E2 level was increased (p = 0.028) in HNGPG, compared with GPG, whereas NGPG resulted in an intermediate value. During the follicular phase, HNGPG increased (p = 0.043) the number of medium follicles, shortened (p = 0.04) the interval to ovulation, and increased (p < 0.001) ovarian artery blood flow and levels (p < 0.001) of blood serum P4, E2, and NO, compared with GPG and NGPG. During the luteal phase, the numbers of CLs were similar among different experimental groups, whereas the diameter of CLs, luteal blood flow, and levels of blood serum P4 and NO increased (p < 0.001) in HNGPG, compared with GPG and NGPG. Conclusively, the nanodelivery system for the Ovsynch protocol could be recommended as a new strategy for improving estrous synchronization outcomes of goats while enabling lower hormone dose administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrein M. Hashem
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Hossam R. EL-Sherbiny
- Theriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt; (H.R.E.-S.); (M.F.); (E.A.A.)
| | - Mohamed Fathi
- Theriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt; (H.R.E.-S.); (M.F.); (E.A.A.)
| | - Elshymaa A. Abdelnaby
- Theriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt; (H.R.E.-S.); (M.F.); (E.A.A.)
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Yu X, Bai Y, Yang J, Zhao X, Zhang L, Wang J. Comparison of Five Protocols of Estrous Synchronization on Reproductive Performance of Hu Sheep. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:843514. [PMID: 35464353 PMCID: PMC9019657 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.843514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to compare five protocols of estrous synchronization for Hu ewes to obtain the most effective and economical protocol, to apply the advantageous scheme in large-scale sheep farming. Healthy multiparous Hu ewes (n = 150) were randomly divided into five groups, and all ewes were administered fluorogestone acetate (FGA, 45 mg) vaginal sponge. The sponges of the first three groups (Groups I, II, and III) were removed on the 11th day, and 0.1 mg of PGF2α was injected intramuscularly on the ninth day. Group I received 6 μg of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by intramuscular injection at 36th h after withdrawal of the sponge. Group II was injected 330 IU of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) on the ninth day. The combination of 6 μg of GnRH and 330 IU of PMSG was treated in Group III at the same time as Group I and Group II. The sponges of the latter two groups (Groups IV and V) were removed on the 13th day, and 330 IU of PMSG was injected intramuscularly simultaneously. PGF2α (0.1 mg) was administered on the 12th day in Group IV. All ewes were detected for estrus at 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 h after the sponge removal. The loss of sponge and vaginitis was recorded when the sponge was withdrawn. Cervical artificial insemination (AI) was performed with fresh semen of Dorper rams diluted with skimmed milk. After 30 days of insemination, the conception was detected with a veterinary B-ultrasound scanner. The lambing status of all ewes and the cost of drugs for estrous synchronization in each group were recorded. The results showed the following: (1) on the whole, the average percentage of estrous ewes in the period of 24–36 h and 36–48 h after removal was significantly higher than other three periods and that of the period of 60–72 h was significantly lower than the first three periods after removal; (2) there was no significant difference in percentages of estrous ewes in any of the five time periods, sponge loss rate, vaginitis rate, total percentage of estrous ewes, conception rate, single lambing rate, twinning rate, and multiple lambing rate of ewes among five protocols; (3) total percentage of estrous ewes and conception rate were more than or equal to 80% in the Groups II and III, and the twinning lamb rate of the Group II protocol was 70%; (4) there was no difference in lambing rate of ewes among Groups II, III, IV, and V; (5) the Group III had the highest drug cost of 22.5 CNY. In conclusion, considering the lambing rate, twinning lamb rate, and drug cost for estrous synchronization, Group II was the most advisable for application and promotion in large-scale sheep farms among these five protocols of estrus synchronization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.,Hebei Mutton Sheep Innovation Strategic Alliance, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.,Hebei Mutton Sheep Innovation Strategic Alliance, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Jiangfeng Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.,Hebei Mutton Sheep Innovation Strategic Alliance, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Xiaokun Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.,Hebei Mutton Sheep Innovation Strategic Alliance, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.,Hebei Mutton Sheep Innovation Strategic Alliance, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.,Hebei Mutton Sheep Innovation Strategic Alliance, Zhangjiakou, China
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Noguchi M, Hirata M, Kawaguchi H, Tanimoto A. Corpus luteum Regression Induced by Prostaglandin F 2α in Microminipigs During the Normal Estrous Cycle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 31:1097-1101. [PMID: 29102931 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Induction of corpus luteum regression and subsequent estrus using prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) in microminipigs was investigated. Microminipigs with normal estrous cycle were treated with PGF2α as 0.75 mg (0.75 PG group, n=3) or 1.5 mg (1.5 PG group, n=4) dinoprost injected into the vulva at 24-h intervals at 10 days after the onset of estrus (D0), D1 and D2. Three microminipigs were not treated (control group). The estrous interval in the 1.5 PG group was significantly shortened compared to the control and 0.75 PG groups. Plasma progesterone levels started to decline and reached the base line in the 1.5 PG group significantly faster than in the control group. In conclusion, we demonstrate that multiple PGF2α treatments can induce corpus luteum regression and estrous synchronization in female microminipigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Noguchi
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan.,Laboratory of Domestic Animal Internal Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Japan
| | - Masaya Hirata
- Laboratory of Domestic Animal Internal Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kawaguchi
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Sakuragaoka, Japan
| | - Akihide Tanimoto
- Department of Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Sakuragaoka, Japan
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9
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Cruppe LH, Day ML, Abreu FM, Kruse S, Lake SL, Biehl MV, Cipriano RS, Mussard ML, Bridges GA. The requirement of GnRH at the beginning of the five-day CO-Synch + controlled internal drug release protocol in beef heifers. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:4198-203. [PMID: 25057035 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-7772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine if the omission of GnRH at controlled internal drug release device (CIDR) insertion would impact pregnancy rates to timed AI (TAI) in beef heifers enrolled in a 5-d CO-Synch + CIDR protocol that used 1 PGF2α dose given at CIDR removal. Yearling beef heifers in Ohio in 2 consecutive breeding seasons (2011, n = 151, and 2012, n = 143; Angus × Simmental), Utah (2012, n = 265; Angus × Hereford), Idaho (2012, n = 127; Charolais), and Wyoming (2012, n = 137; Angus) were enrolled in the 5-d CO-Synch + CIDR protocol. At CIDR insertion (d -5), heifers were randomly assigned either to receive 100 μg GnRH (GnRH+; n = 408) or not to receive GnRH (GnRH-; n = 415). At CIDR removal (d 0 of the experiment), 25 mg PGF2α was administered to all heifers. All heifers were inseminated by TAI and given 100 μg GnRH 72 h after PGF2α (d 3). In heifers at the Ohio locations (n = 294), presence of a corpus luteum (CL) at CIDR insertion (d -5) was determined via assessment of progesterone concentrations (2011) and ovarian ultrasonography (2012). Subsequently, in both years, ovarian ultrasound was conducted on d 0 to determine the presence of a new CL. In this same subgroup of heifers, blood samples for progesterone analysis were collected on d 3 to assess luteal regression. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed between 32 and 38 d after TAI. At CIDR withdrawal, presence of a new CL was greater (P < 0.05) in the GnRH+ (55.8%, 82/147) than GnRH- (26.5%, 39/147) treatment. Incidence of failed luteal regression did not differ between the GnRH+ (3.4%) and GnRH- (0.7%) treatments. Pregnancy rate to TAI did not differ between the GnRH+ (50.5%) and GnRH- (54.9%) treatments. In conclusion, although the incidence of a new CL at CIDR removal was increased in the GnRH+ treatment, omission of the initial GnRH treatment in the 5-d CO-Synch + CIDR protocol did not influence TAI pregnancy rate in yearling beef heifers. In addition, a single dose of PGF2α at CIDR removal was effective at inducing luteolysis in yearling beef heifers enrolled in the 5-d CO-Synch + CIDR protocol, regardless of whether or not the initial GnRH treatment was given.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Cruppe
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
| | - M L Day
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
| | - F M Abreu
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
| | - S Kruse
- North Central Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Grand Rapids 55744
| | - S L Lake
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie 82071
| | - M V Biehl
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
| | - R S Cipriano
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
| | - M L Mussard
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
| | - G A Bridges
- North Central Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Grand Rapids 55744
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Bridges GA, Lake SL, Kruse SG, Bird SL, Funnell BJ, Arias R, Walker JA, Grant JK, Perry GA. Comparison of three CIDR-based fixed-time AI protocols in beef heifers. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:3127-33. [PMID: 24802040 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-7404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several effective fixed-time AI (FTAI) protocols have been developed to facilitate AI in beef heifers that circumvent the need for estrus detection. Among these are the 5-d CO-Synch + controlled intravaginal progesterone insert (CIDR) protocol (5dCO), PGF2α (PG) 6-d CIDR protocol (PG-6dCIDR), and 14-d CIDR-PG protocol (14dCIDR-PG). Although each of these protocols varies in duration and approach to synchronizing estrus and ovulation, each has been reported as an effective method to facilitate FTAI in beef heifers. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare FTAI pregnancy rates in beef heifers synchronized with these 3 CIDR-based protocols. Virgin beef heifers (n = 801) at 4 locations were synchronized with 1 of 3 protocols: 1) 5dCO, an injection of GnRH (100 μg) and insertion of a CIDR on d -5, PG (25 mg) and CIDR removal on d 0 with a second injection of PG (>4 h after CIDR removal) on d 0 and FTAI at 72 h after CIDR removal, 2) PG-6dCIDR, PG (25 mg) on d -9, GnRH (100 μg) and insertion of a CIDR on d -6, PG and CIDR removal on d 0, and FTAI at 66 h after CIDR removal, or 3) 14dCIDR-PG, a 14-d CIDR insert from d -30 to -16, PG (25 mg) on d 0, and FTAI at 66 h after PG. All heifers received an injection of GnRH (100 μg) concurrent with FTAI. Timing of treatment initiation was offset to allow all heifers to receive FTAI concomitantly and at random. Pregnancy success was determined between 35 and 40 d after FTAI by transrectal ultrasonography. Blood samples were collected before the beginning of each protocol and at the initiation of each protocol to determine estrous cycling status (77%). Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedures of SAS. As expected, because of the duration of protocols, fewer heifers in the 14dCIDR-PG treatment were pubertal at initiation of synchronization than in the 5dCO (P < 0.05) and PG-6dCIDR (P = 0.10) treatments. Fixed-time AI pregnancy success did not differ between treatments (P = 0.14; 62.6%, 56.9%, and 53.3% for 5dCO, PG-6dCIDR, and 14dCIDR-PG, respectively). However, heifers that had reached puberty by initiation of synchronization had greater (P < 0.01) pregnancy success compared to heifers that were prepubertal (60.7% and 47.3%, respectively). In summary, all 3 protocols had similar FTAI pregnancy success, and puberty status had the greatest impact on pregnancy success.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Bridges
- North Central Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Grand Rapids 55744
| | - S L Lake
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie 82071
| | - S G Kruse
- North Central Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Grand Rapids 55744
| | - S L Bird
- North Central Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Grand Rapids 55744
| | - B J Funnell
- North Central Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Grand Rapids 55744
| | - R Arias
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie 82071
| | - J A Walker
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57006
| | - J K Grant
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57006
| | - G A Perry
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57006
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