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Wang T, Cong PX, Cui J, Jiang S, Xu J, Xue CH, Huang QR, Zhang TT, Wang YM. Digestion, Absorption, and Metabolism Characteristics of EPA-Enriched Phospho ethanolamine Plasmalogens Based on Gastrointestinal Functions in Healthy Mice. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:12786-12795. [PMID: 31657926 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
EPA-enriched phosphoethanolamine plasmalogens (EPA-pPE), widely present in marine creatures, is a unique glycerophospholipid with EPA at the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone. EPA-pPE has been reported to exhibit numerous distinctive bioactivities. However, the digestion, absorption, and metabolism characteristics of EPA-pPE in vivo are not clear, which restrict the molecular mechanism analysis related to its distinctive activities. The aim of the present study was to illustrate the digestion, absorption, and metabolism characteristics of EPA-pPE by lipid analysis in serum, intestinal wall, and content after oral administration of EPA-pPE emulsion. Results showed the EPA percentage of total fatty acids in serum was increasing over time, with two peaks at 5 and 10 h by 1.89 ± 0.2 and 2.58 ± 0.27, respectively, and then fell from 1.89 ± 0.17 at 10 h to 1.35 ± 0.16 at 16 h. In small intestinal content, EPA-pPE was hydrolyzed to lyso-phospholipids and EPA by phospholipases A2 and the vinyl ether bond was retained at the sn-1 position. The released EPA could be quickly taken up into the enterocytes and enter circulation. The comparison of simulated digestion in vitro showed that the distinct digestion and absorption process of EPA-pPE was a unique phenomenon. EPA could be retained in serum at a high level for a substantial period of time, which suggested that EPA-pPE was not just a short-lived circulating molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , No. 5 Yushan Road , Qingdao , Shandong 266003 , People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Xu Cong
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , No. 5 Yushan Road , Qingdao , Shandong 266003 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Cui
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , No. 5 Yushan Road , Qingdao , Shandong 266003 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , No. 5 Yushan Road , Qingdao , Shandong 266003 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , No. 5 Yushan Road , Qingdao , Shandong 266003 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Hu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , No. 5 Yushan Road , Qingdao , Shandong 266003 , People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao , Shandong 266237 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Rong Huang
- Rutgers State University , Department of Food Science , 65 Dudley Road , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08901 , United States
| | - Tian-Tian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , No. 5 Yushan Road , Qingdao , Shandong 266003 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , No. 5 Yushan Road , Qingdao , Shandong 266003 , People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao , Shandong 266237 , People's Republic of China
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