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Hanson ED, Sakkal S, Bates-Fraser LC, Que S, Cho E, Spielmann G, Kadife E, Violet JA, Battaglini CL, Stoner L, Bartlett DB, McConell GK, Hayes A. Acute exercise induces distinct quantitative and phenotypical T cell profiles in men with prostate cancer. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1173377. [PMID: 37325799 PMCID: PMC10266416 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1173377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Reduced testosterone levels can influence immune system function, particularly T cells. Exercise during cancer reduces treatment-related side effects and provide a stimulus to mobilize and redistribute immune cells. However, it is unclear how conventional and unconventional T cells (UTC) respond to acute exercise in prostate cancer survivors compared to healthy controls. Methods Age-matched prostate cancer survivors on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and those without ADT (PCa) along with non-cancer controls (CON) completed ∼45 min of intermittent cycling with 3 min at 60% of peak power interspersed by 1.5 min of rest. Fresh, unstimulated immune cell populations and intracellular perforin were assessed before (baseline), immediately following (0 h), 2 h, and 24 h post-exercise. Results At 0 h, conventional T cell counts increased by 45%-64% with no differences between groups. T cell frequency decreased by -3.5% for CD3+ and -4.5% for CD4+ cells relative to base at 0 h with CD8+ cells experiencing a delayed decrease of -4.5% at 2 h with no group differences. Compared to CON, the frequency of CD8+CD57+ cells was -18.1% lower in ADT. Despite a potential decrease in maturity, ADT increased CD8+perforin+ GMFI. CD3+Vα7.2+CD161+ counts, but not frequencies, increased by 69% post-exercise while CD3+CD56+ cell counts increased by 127% and were preferentially mobilized (+1.7%) immediately following the acute cycling bout. There were no UTC group differences. Cell counts and frequencies returned to baseline by 24 h. Conclusion Following acute exercise, prostate cancer survivors demonstrate normal T cell and UTC responses that were comparable to CON. Independent of exercise, ADT is associated with lower CD8+ cell maturity (CD57) and perforin frequency that suggests a less mature phenotype. However, higher perforin GMFI may attenuate these changes, with the functional implications of this yet to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik D. Hanson
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Samy Sakkal
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lauren C. Bates-Fraser
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Shadney Que
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Eunhan Cho
- School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Guillaume Spielmann
- School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Elif Kadife
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John A. Violet
- Division of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Claudio L. Battaglini
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Lee Stoner
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - David B. Bartlett
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Glenn K. McConell
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alan Hayes
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine—Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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