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Chen MZ, Tay YK, Prabhakaran S, Kong JC. The management of clinically suspicious para-aortic lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer: A systematic review. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2023; 19:596-605. [PMID: 36658672 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.13924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 1%-2% of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) develop para-aortic lymph node (PALN) metastases, which are typically considered markers of systemic disease, and are associated with a poor prognosis. The utility of PALN dissection (PALND) in patients with CRC is of ongoing debate and only small-scale retrospective studies have been published on this topic to date. This systematic review aimed to determine the utility of resecting PALN metastases with the primary outcome measure being the difference in survival outcomes following either surgical resection or non-resection of these metastases. A comprehensive systematic search was undertaken to identify all English-language papers on PALND in the PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar databases. The search results identified a total of 12 eligible studies for analysis. All studies were either retrospective cohort studies or case series. In this systematic review, PALND was found to be associated with a survival benefit when compared to non-resection. Metachronous PALND was found to be associated with better overall survival as compared to synchronous PALND, and the number of PALN metastases (2 or fewer) and a pre-operative carcinoembryonic antigen level of <5 was found to be associated with a better prognosis. No PALND-specific complications were identified in this review. A large-scale prospective study needs to be conducted to definitively determine the utility of PALND. For the present, PALND should be considered within a multidisciplinary approach for patients with CRC, in conjunction with already established treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yeng Kwang Tay
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Monash Health, Dandenong, Australia
| | | | - Joseph C Kong
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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Wang S, Zhang D, Bai Y, Liu F, Qi X, Xie L. Clinical Outcomes of Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection Before Versus After Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2023; 33:776-781. [PMID: 37262178 DOI: 10.1089/lap.2023.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of bladder cancer patients treated with extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND) before or after cystectomy under robotic-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC). Methods: A retrospective study to identify 348 patients with bladder cancer who underwent RARC was performed. Of the patients, 152 (42.8%) underwent ePLND before radical cystectomy (RC) (group A) and 196 (56.3%) underwent ePLND after RC (group B). The clinical, pathological, and overall survival were compared. Results: The total and RC operation time in Group A (total: 130.68 ± 29.25 minutes, RC: 59.45 ± 28.63 minutes) were both shorter than Group B (total: 154.17 ± 38.18 minutes, RC: 94.81 ± 41.21 minutes) (P < .05). However, no significant difference in time of ePLND. The estimate blood loss (EBL) of RC part and total operation (RC+ePLND) in group A was less than group B (both P < .05), while the ePLND part did not show significance. The result of vascular and nerve injury and surgical drain withdrawal time were similar in two groups. The total number of lymph nodes in group A was fewer than group B (16 versus 26; P < .05). Moreover, the number of bilateral internal iliac and presacral lymph nodes of group A was fewer than group B significantly, whereas the number of bilateral external iliac, common iliac, and obturator lymph nodes was similar in two groups. The lymph node density of group A was significantly lower than group B. The median follow-up of all patients was 33.0 months. Importantly, the survival of group B was better than group A (hazard ratio: 1.412; 95% confidence interval: 1.004-1.987; P = .048). Conclusions: Performing ePLND before RC reveals better result on operation time and EBL, while, when ePLND after RC, the total number of lymph nodes dissected is more and the survival is better. It recommended ePLND be performed before RC, and it is necessary to recheck the internal iliac and presacral area after cystectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Urology, Urology and Nephrology Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dahong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Urology and Nephrology Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuchen Bai
- Department of Urology, Urology and Nephrology Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Urology, Urology and Nephrology Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaolong Qi
- Department of Urology, Urology and Nephrology Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liping Xie
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Tsarkov PV, Efetov SK, Zubayraeva AA, Puzakov KB, Oganyan NV. Surgeon's role in CT-based preoperative determination of inferior mesenteric artery anatomy in colorectal cancer treatment. Khirurgiia (Mosk) 2022:40-49. [PMID: 36073582 DOI: 10.17116/hirurgia202209140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) is a blood vessel of great importance in left colon and rectal cancer surgery. We aimed to determine the role of surgeons in computed tomography (CT) based vascular anatomy interpretation. METHOD Patients with left colon and rectal cancer treated surgically with D3 lymph node dissection and selective vascular ligation were included in this study. All patients (n=250) underwent preoperative CT with intravenous contrast. The IMA anatomy was schematically depicted by surgeon based on CT interpretation. Intraoperatively anatomy was defined by skeletonisation of the IMA. All patients had segmental resection with selective vascular ligation. The concurrence of prospectively obtained results were evaluated by intraclass correlation and Kendall's tau-b test. Misinterpretation of IMA anatomy was analysed by CT-specialist. RESULTS The preoperative and intraoperative IMA anatomy features were correctly interpreted in 237 cases (in 94.8%) within skeletonisation extent, which is supported by high level of agreement and concordance of preoperative data regards to intraoperative findings (K=0.926; p<0.001; CC=0.912; p<0.001). As a result of the CT-based evaluation of the IMA, E, K, and H types of branching patterns were proposed. IMV position was mistakenly identified in 2.6% of cases. CONCLUSION Surgeons are able to evaluate the IMA anatomy accurately with CT and use it in routine preoperative planning. The E, K, and H branching types may be used when defining approach to skeletonisation and level of vascular ligation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Tsarkov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - S K Efetov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Zubayraeva
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - K B Puzakov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - N V Oganyan
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Saito S, Ito K, Matsumoto K, Tajima M, Goto T, Ito H, Manabe Y, Mishina M, Okuno H. Peritoneal Tuberculosis After Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Prostatectomy with Extended Lymph Node Dissection. J Endourol Case Rep 2018; 4:48-50. [PMID: 29675476 PMCID: PMC5905859 DOI: 10.1089/cren.2018.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Peritoneal tuberculosis (TB) is a relatively uncommon presentation of extrapulmonary TB. Early diagnosis of peritoneal TB is difficult because of its nonspecific clinical manifestation such as abdominal pain, fever, or ascites. Especially early after surgery of abdomen or pelvis, these symptoms can be misdiagnosed as septic peritonitis. There are few reports of peritoneal TB as a postoperative complication of laparoscopic surgery. Here, we describe a first case of peritoneal TB after robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) with extended lymph node dissection. Case Presentation: A 78-year-old man presented 25 days after this surgery with fever and abdominal distension. Ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) revealed massive abdominal ascites. Ascites sample was cloudy, with increased white blood cells and normal creatinine level. No anastomotic leak was found. Bacterial infection of a lymphocele was considered, and cefmetazole 2 g/day for 3 days was prescribed. Despite antibacterial therapy, fever persisted. Polymerase chain reaction testing of ascitic fluid was positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The patient was effectively treated with anti-TB therapy. Conclusion: This is the first report of peritoneal TB as a postoperative complication of RALP with extended lymph node dissection. His preoperative chest CT showed granular shadows in left upper lung, indicating his old asymptomatic TB infection. Flare-up of TB can happen even after robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery, which is minimally invasive. Peritoneal TB must be considered especially when there is unexplained ascites unresponsive to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suruga Saito
- Department of Urology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Ito
- Department of Urology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiyu Matsumoto
- Department of Urology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Motofumi Tajima
- Department of Urology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Goto
- Department of Urology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Haruki Ito
- Department of Urology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yumi Manabe
- Department of Urology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mutsuki Mishina
- Department of Urology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Okuno
- Department of Urology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
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Matsumoto R, Takada N, Abe T, Minami K, Harabayashi T, Nagamori S, Hatanaka KC, Miyajima N, Tsuchiya K, Maruyama S, Murai S, Shinohara N. Prospective mapping of lymph node metastasis in Japanese patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: characteristics of micrometastasis. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2015; 45:874-80. [PMID: 26109677 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyv091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate node-disease prevalence including micrometastases and its survival impact on bladder cancer patients. METHODS A total of 60 patients participated in this study, in which extended lymph node dissection was carried out according to the prospective rule (below aortic bifurcation). Radical cystectomy and extended lymph node dissection were performed by open surgery (n = 23) or laparoscopically (n = 37). Perioperative, pathological and follow-up data were collected. Micrometastasis in lymph nodes was investigated by pan-cytokeratin immunohistochemistry. Recurrence-free survival was estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS The median number of lymph nodes removed was 29 (range: 10-103) and there was no significant difference between the two groups (open group: median 30, laparoscopic group: median 29). Routine pathological examination revealed that 10 patients had lymph node metastases. Immunohistochemistry revealed micrometastases in four additional patients (pNmicro+), who had been diagnosed with pN0 on routine pathological examination. After excluding the three patients with pure nonurothelial carcinoma on the final pathology (small cell carcinoma: n = 2, adenocarcinoma: n = 1), 10 out of the 57 urothelial carcinoma patients (17.5%) had node metastasis, and an additional 4 out of the 47 pN0 patients (4/47, 8.5%) had micrometastasis. The 2-year recurrence-free survival rates divided by pN stage were 82.4% for pN0, 66.7% for pNmicro+ and 12.5% for pN+ (three-sample log-rank test, P < 0.0001). Three out of the four patients with pNmicro+ were disease free at the last follow-up. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed under extended lymph node dissection that a substantial proportion of the patients had node metastasis (pN+: n = 10 and pNmicro+: n = 4), and the pN stage influenced patient survival. Our observations of micrometastasis yielded additional evidence for the potential survival benefit of extended lymphadenectomy by eliminating microdisease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Matsumoto
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo Department of Urology, Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo
| | - Norikata Takada
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo
| | - Takashige Abe
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo
| | - Keita Minami
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo
| | | | | | - Kanako C Hatanaka
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoto Miyajima
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo
| | - Kunihiko Tsuchiya
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo
| | - Satoru Maruyama
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo
| | - Sachiyo Murai
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo
| | - Nobuo Shinohara
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo
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