1
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Carey T, Maughan J, Doolan L, Caffrey E, Garcia J, Liu S, Kaur H, Ilhan C, Seyedin S, Coleman JN. Knot Architecture for Biocompatible and Semiconducting 2D Electronic Fiber Transistors. Small Methods 2024:e2301654. [PMID: 38602193 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Wearable devices have generally been rigid due to their reliance on silicon-based technologies, while future wearables will utilize flexible components for example transistors within microprocessors to manage data. Two-dimensional (2D) semiconducting flakes have yet to be investigated in fiber transistors but can offer a route toward high-mobility, biocompatible, and flexible fiber-based devices. Here, the electrochemical exfoliation of semiconducting 2D flakes of tungsten diselenide (WSe2) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is shown to achieve homogeneous coatings onto the surface of polyester fibers. The high aspect ratio (>100) of the flake yields aligned and conformal flake-to-flake junctions on polyester fibers enabling transistors with mobilities μ ≈1 cm2 V-1 s-1 and a current on/off ratio, Ion/Ioff ≈102-104. Furthermore, the cytotoxic effects of the MoS2 and WSe2 flakes with human keratinocyte cells are investigated and found to be biocompatible. As an additional step, a unique transistor 'knot' architecture is created by leveraging the fiber diameter to establish the length of the transistor channel, facilitating a route to scale down transistor channel dimensions (≈100 µm) and utilize it to make a MoS2 fiber transistor with a human hair that achieves mobilities as high as μ ≈15 cm2 V-1 s-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Carey
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jack Maughan
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Luke Doolan
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Eoin Caffrey
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - James Garcia
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Shixin Liu
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Harneet Kaur
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Cansu Ilhan
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Shayan Seyedin
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Jonathan N Coleman
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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2
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Wang J, Wang L, Yang Y, Li H, Huang X, Liu Z, Yu S, Tang C, Chen J, Shi X, Li W, Chen P, Tong Q, Yu H, Sun X, Peng H. A Fiber Sensor for Long-Term Monitoring of Extracellular Potassium Ion Fluctuations in Chronic Neuropsychiatric Diseases. Adv Mater 2023:e2309862. [PMID: 38133487 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular potassium ion concentration in the brain exerts a significant influence on cellular excitability and intercellular communication. Perturbations in the extracellular potassium ion level are closely correlated with various chronic neuropsychiatric disorders including depression. However, a critical gap persists in performing real-time and long-term monitoring of extracellular potassium ions, which is necessary for comprehensive profiling of chronic neuropsychiatric diseases. Here, a fiber potassium ion sensor (FKS) that consists of a soft conductive fiber with a rough surface and a hydrophobic-treated transduction layer interfaced with a potassium ion-selective membrane is found to solve this problem. The FKS demonstrates stable interfaces between its distinct functional layers in an aqueous environment, conferring an exceptional stability of 6 months in vivo, in stark contrast to previous reports with working durations from hours to days. Upon implantation into the mouse brain, the FKS enables effective monitoring of extracellular potassium ion dynamics under diverse physiological states including anesthesia, forced swimming, and tail suspension. Using this FKS, tracking of extracellular potassium ion fluctuations that align with behaviors associated with the progression of depression over months is achieved, demonstrating its usability in studying chronic neuropsychiatric disorders from a new biochemical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Liyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yiqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - HongJian Li
- Vision Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xinlin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Ziwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Sihui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Chengqiang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Peining Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Qi Tong
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hongbo Yu
- Vision Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xuemei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Huisheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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3
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Ma J, Huo X, Yin J, Cai S, Pang K, Liu Y, Gao C, Xu Z. Axially Encoded Mechano-Meta fiber Electronics by Local Strain Engineering. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2305615. [PMID: 37821206 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Multimaterial integration, such as soft elastic and stiff components, exhibits rich deformation and functional behaviors to meet complex needs. Integrating multimaterials in the level of individual fiber is poised to maximize the functional design capacity of smart wearable electronic textiles, but remains unfulfilled. Here, this work continuously integrates stiff and soft elastic components into single fiber to fabricate encoded mechano-metafiber by programmable microfluidic sequence spinning (MSS). The sequences with programmable modulus feature the controllable localization of strain along metafiber length. The mechano-metafibers feature two essential nonlinear deformation modes, which are local strain amplification and retardation. This work extends the sequence-encoded metafiber into fiber networks to exhibit greatly enhanced strain amplification and retardation capability in cascades. Local strain engineering enables the design of highly sensitive strain sensors, stretchable fiber devices to protect brittle components and the fabrication of high-voltage supercapacitors as well as axial electroluminescent arrays. The approach allows the scalably design of multimaterial metafibers with programmable localized mechanical properties for woven metamaterials, smart textiles, and wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials and Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xiaodan Huo
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, China
| | - Jun Yin
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, China
| | - Shengying Cai
- Center for Healthcare Materials, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Kai Pang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials and Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yingjun Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials and Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, 030032, P. R. China
| | - Chao Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials and Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, 030032, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials and Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, 030032, P. R. China
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4
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Serrano-Garcia W, Bonadies I, Thomas SW, Guarino V. New Insights to Design Electrospun Fibers with Tunable Electrical Conductive-Semiconductive Properties. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:s23031606. [PMID: 36772646 PMCID: PMC9919353 DOI: 10.3390/s23031606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Fiber electronics, such as those produced by the electrospinning technique, have an extensive range of applications including electrode surfaces for batteries and sensors, energy storage, electromagnetic interference shielding, antistatic coatings, catalysts, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and smart textiles. New composite materials and blends from conductive-semiconductive polymers (C-SPs) offer high surface area-to-volume ratios with electrical tunability, making them suitable for use in fields including electronics, biofiltration, tissue engineering, biosensors, and "green polymers". These materials and structures show great potential for embedded-electronics tissue engineering, active drug delivery, and smart biosensing due to their electronic transport behavior and mechanical flexibility with effective biocompatibility. Doping, processing methods, and morphologies can significantly impact the properties and performance of C-SPs and their composites. This review provides an overview of the current literature on the processing of C-SPs as nanomaterials and nanofibrous structures, mainly emphasizing the electroactive properties that make these structures suitable for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Serrano-Garcia
- Advanced Materials Bio & Integration Research (AMBIR) Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
- Correspondence: (W.S.-G.); or (V.G.); Tel.: +39-081-242-5944 (V.G.)
| | - Irene Bonadies
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Sylvia W. Thomas
- Advanced Materials Bio & Integration Research (AMBIR) Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Vincenzo Guarino
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Mostra d’Oltremare, Pad.20, 80125 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (W.S.-G.); or (V.G.); Tel.: +39-081-242-5944 (V.G.)
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5
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Han L, Luo J, Zhang R, Gong W, Chen L, Liu F, Ling Y, Dong Y, Yong Z, Zhang Y, Wei L, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Li Q. Arrayed Heterostructures of MoS 2 Nanosheets Anchored TiN Nanowires as Efficient Pseudocapacitive Anodes for Fiber-Shaped Ammonium-Ion Asymmetric Supercapacitors. ACS Nano 2022; 16:14951-14962. [PMID: 36037075 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nonmetallic ammonium ions that feature high safety, low molar mass, and small hydrated radius properties have shown great advantages in wearable aqueous supercapacitors. The construction of high-energy-density flexible ammonium-ion asymmetric supercapacitors (AASCs) is promising but still challenging due to the lack of high-capacitance pseudocapacitive anodes. Herein, freestanding core-shell heterostructures supported on carbon nanotube fibers were designed by anchoring MoS2 nanosheets on nanowires (MoS2@TiN/CNTF) as anodes for AASCs. With contributions of abundant active sites and conspicuous synergistic effects of multiple components for arrayed heterostructure engineering, the developed MoS2@TiN/CNTF anodes exhibit a specific capacitance of 1102.5 mF cm-2 at 2 mA cm-2. Theoretical calculations confirm the dramatic enhancement of the binding strength of ammonium ions on the MoS2 shell layer at the heterostructure, where a built-in electric field exists to accelerate the charge transfer. By utilizing a MnO2/CNTF cathode and NH4Cl/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as a gel electrolyte, quasi-solid-state fiber-shaped AASCs were successfully constructed, achieving a specific capacitance of 351.2 mF cm-2 and an energy density of 195.1 μWh cm-2, outperforming most recently reported fiber-shaped supercapacitors. This work provides a promising strategy to rationally design heterostructure engineering of MoS2@TiN nanoarrays toward advanced anodes for application in next-generation AASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Technologies, College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Rongkang Zhang
- School of Physics and Energy, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, China
| | - Wenbin Gong
- School of Physics and Energy, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, China
| | - Long Chen
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ying Ling
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yihao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhenzhong Yong
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
- Division of Nanomaterials and Jiangxi Key Lab of Carbonene Materials, Jiangxi Insitute of Nanotechnology, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Yongyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
- Division of Nanomaterials and Jiangxi Key Lab of Carbonene Materials, Jiangxi Insitute of Nanotechnology, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Lei Wei
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiaogang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Technologies, College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Qichong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
- Division of Nanomaterials and Jiangxi Key Lab of Carbonene Materials, Jiangxi Insitute of Nanotechnology, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Qingwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
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Yang W, Gong W, Gu W, Liu Z, Hou C, Li Y, Zhang Q, Wang H. Self-Powered Interactive Fiber Electronics with Visual-Digital Synergies. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2104681. [PMID: 34558123 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fiber electronics with mechanosensory functionality are highly desirable in healthcare, human-machine interfaces, and robotics. Most efforts are committed to optimize the electronically readable interface of fiber mechanoreceptor, while the user interface based on naked-eye readable output is rarely explored. Here, a scalable fiber electronics that can simultaneously visualize and digitize the mechanical stimulus without external power supply, named self-powered optoelectronic synergistic fiber sensors (SOEFSs), are reported. By coupling of space and surface charge polarization, a new mechanoluminescent (ML)-triboelectric synergistic effect is realized. It contributes to remarkable enhancement of both electrical (by 100%) and optical output (by 30%), as well as novel temporal-spatial resolution mode for motion capturing. Based on entirely new thermoplastic ML material system and spinning process, industrial-level continuously manufacture and recycling processes of SOEFS are realized. Furthermore, SOEFSs' application in human-machine interface, virtual reality, and underwater sensing, rescue, and information interaction is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Wei Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Wei Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoxu Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chengyi Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Yaogang Li
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Qinghong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
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7
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Gualandi I, Tessarolo M, Mariani F, Possanzini L, Scavetta E, Fraboni B. Textile Chemical Sensors Based on Conductive Polymers for the Analysis of Sweat. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:894. [PMID: 33799437 PMCID: PMC8000821 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Wearable textile chemical sensors are promising devices due to the potential applications in medicine, sports activities and occupational safety and health. Reaching the maturity required for commercialization is a technology challenge that mainly involves material science because these sensors should be adapted to flexible and light-weight substrates to preserve the comfort of the wearer. Conductive polymers (CPs) are a fascinating solution to meet this demand, as they exhibit the mechanical properties of polymers, with an electrical conductivity typical of semiconductors. Moreover, their biocompatibility makes them promising candidates for effectively interfacing the human body. In particular, sweat analysis is very attractive to wearable technologies as perspiration is a naturally occurring process and sweat can be sampled non-invasively and continuously over time. This review discusses the role of CPs in the development of textile electrochemical sensors specifically designed for real-time sweat monitoring and the main challenges related to this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isacco Gualandi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale ‘Toso Montanari’, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Marta Tessarolo
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (M.T.); (L.P.); (B.F.)
| | - Federica Mariani
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale ‘Toso Montanari’, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Luca Possanzini
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (M.T.); (L.P.); (B.F.)
| | - Erika Scavetta
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale ‘Toso Montanari’, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Beatrice Fraboni
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (M.T.); (L.P.); (B.F.)
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8
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Xu X, Zhou X, Wang T, Shi X, Liu Y, Zuo Y, Xu L, Wang M, Hu X, Yang X, Chen J, Yang X, Chen L, Chen P, Peng H. Robust DNA-Bridged Memristor for Textile Chips. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:12762-12768. [PMID: 32342610 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Electronic textiles may revolutionize many fields, such as communication, health care and artificial intelligence. To date, unfortunately, computing with them is not yet possible. Memristors are compatible with the interwoven structure and manufacturing process in textiles because of its two-terminal crossbar configuration. However, it remains a challenge to realize textile memristors owing to the difficulties in designing advanced memristive materials and achieving high-quality active layers on fiber electrodes. Herein we report a robust textile memristor based on an electrophoretic-deposited active layer of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) on fiber electrodes. The unique architecture and orientation of DNA molecules with the incorporation of Ag nanoparticles offer the best-in-class performances, e.g., both ultra-low operation voltage of 0.3 V and power consumption of 100 pW and high switching speed of 20 ns. Fundamental logic calculations such as implication and NAND are demonstrated as functions of textile chips, and it has been thus integrated with power-supplying and light emitting modules to demonstrate an all-fabric information processing system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xufeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Ya Liu
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Shannxi, 710049, China
| | - Yong Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Limin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Mengying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiaofeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xinju Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiubo Yang
- Analytical & Testing Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Peining Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Huisheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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9
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Abstract
Active fibers with electro-optic functionalities are promising building blocks for the emerging and rapidly growing field of fiber and textile electronics. Yet, there remains significant challenges that require improved understanding of the principles of active fiber assembly to enable the development of fiber-shaped devices characterized by having a small diameter, being lightweight, and having high mechanical strength. To this end, the current frameworks are insufficient, and new designs and fabrication approaches are essential to accommodate this unconventional form factor. Here, we present a first demonstration of a pathway that effectively integrates the foundational components meeting such requirements, with the use of a flexible and robust conductive core carbon nanotube fiber and an organic-inorganic emissive composite layer as the two critical elements. We introduce an active fiber design that can be realized through an all solution-processed approach. We have implemented this technique to demonstrate a three-layered light-emitting fiber with a coaxially coated design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Jamali
- Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Farnaz Niroui
- Miller Research Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | | | - Brent A Koscher
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | - A Paul Alivisatos
- Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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10
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Xu T, Zhang Z, Qu L. Graphene-Based Fibers: Recent Advances in Preparation and Application. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e1901979. [PMID: 31334581 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-based fibers (GBFs) are macroscopic 1D assemblies formed by using microscopic 2D graphene sheets as building blocks. Their unique structure exhibits the same merits as graphene such as low weight, high specific surface area, excellent mechanical/electrical properties, and ease of functionalization. Furthermore, the fibrous nature of GBFs is intrinsically compatible with existing textile technologies, making them suitable for applications in flexible and wearable electronics. Recently, novel synthetic methods have endowed GBFs with new structures and functions, further improving their mechanical and electrical properties. These improvements have rapidly bridged the gaps between laboratory demonstrations and real-life applications in fiber-shaped batteries, supercapacitors, and electrochemical sensors. Recent advances in the fabrication, optimization, and application of GBFs are systematically reviewed and a perspective on their future development is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Zhipan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Liangti Qu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
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11
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Kwon S, Hwang YH, Nam M, Chae H, Lee HS, Jeon Y, Lee S, Kim CY, Choi S, Jeong EG, Choi KC. Recent Progress of Fiber Shaped Lighting Devices for Smart Display Applications-A Fibertronic Perspective. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e1903488. [PMID: 31483540 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Advances in material science and nanotechnology have fostered the miniaturization of devices. Over the past two decades, the form-factor of these devices has evolved from 3D rigid, volumetric devices through 2D film-based flexible electronics, finally to 1D fiber electronics (fibertronics). In this regard, fibertronic strategies toward wearable applications (e.g., electronic textiles (e-textiles)) have attracted considerable attention thanks to their capability to impart various functions into textiles with retaining textiles' intrinsic properties as well as imperceptible irritation by foreign matters. In recent years, extensive research has been carried out to develop various functional devices in the fiber form. Among various features, lighting and display features are the highly desirable functions in wearable electronics. This article discusses the recent progress of materials, architectural designs, and new fabrication technologies of fiber-shaped lighting devices and the current challenges corresponding to each device's operating mechanism. Moreover, opportunities and applications that the revolutionary convergence between the state-of-the-art fibertronic technology and age-long textile industry will bring in the future are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonil Kwon
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ha Hwang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Minwoo Nam
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonwook Chae
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Seung Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongmin Jeon
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Somin Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Young Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyeop Choi
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Gyo Jeong
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Cheol Choi
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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Lee J, Llerena Zambrano B, Woo J, Yoon K, Lee T. Recent Advances in 1D Stretchable Electrodes and Devices for Textile and Wearable Electronics: Materials, Fabrications, and Applications. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e1902532. [PMID: 31495991 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Research on wearable electronic devices that can be directly integrated into daily textiles or clothes has been explosively grown holding great potential for various practical wearable applications. These wearable electronic devices strongly demand 1D electronic devices that are light-weight, weavable, highly flexible, stretchable, and adaptable to comport to frequent deformations during usage in daily life. To this end, the development of 1D electrodes with high stretchability and electrical performance is fundamentally essential. Herein, the recent process of 1D stretchable electrodes for wearable and textile electronics is described, focusing on representative conductive materials, fabrication techniques for 1D stretchable electrodes with high performance, and designs and applications of various 1D stretchable electronic devices. To conclude, discussions are presented regarding limitations and perspectives of current materials and devices in terms of performance and scientific understanding that should be considered for further advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehong Lee
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Byron Llerena Zambrano
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Janghoon Woo
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kukro Yoon
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyoon Lee
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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Wang L, Fu X, He J, Shi X, Chen T, Chen P, Wang B, Peng H. Application Challenges in Fiber and Textile Electronics. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e1901971. [PMID: 31273843 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Modern electronic devices are moving toward miniaturization and integration with an emerging focus on wearable electronics. Due to their close contact with the human body, wearable electronics have new requirements including low weight, small size, and flexibility. Conventional 3D and 2D electronic devices fail to efficiently meet these requirements due to their rigidity and bulkiness. Hence, a new family of 1D fiber-shaped electronic devices including energy-harvesting devices, energy-storage devices, light-emitting devices, and sensing devices has risen to the challenge due to their small diameter, lightweight, flexibility, and weavability into soft textile electronics. The application challenges faced by fiber and textile electronics from single fiber-shaped devices to continuously scalable fabrication, to encapsulation and testing, and to application mode exploration, are discussed. The evolutionary trends of fiber and textile electronics are then summarized. Finally, future directions required to boost their commercialization are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lie Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xuemei Fu
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jiqing He
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiang Shi
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Taiqiang Chen
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Peining Chen
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Bingjie Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Huisheng Peng
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
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Abstract
As a new direction in applied chemistry, fiber electronics allow device configuration to evolve from three to two dimensions and then to one dimension. The reduction in dimension brings unique properties, such as ultraflexibility, tissue adaptability, and weavability, enabling their use in a variety of applications, particularly in various emerging fields related to implantable devices and wearable systems. The different types of fiber electrode materials are summarized based on the one-dimensional configuration and their distinctive interfaces, various devices, and promising applications. The remaining challenges and future directions are finally highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Songlin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Huisheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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Kang M, Lee SA, Jang S, Hwang S, Lee SK, Bae S, Hong JM, Lee SH, Jeong KU, Lim JA, Kim TW. Low-Voltage Organic Transistor Memory Fiber with a Nanograined Organic Ferroelectric Film. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:22575-22582. [PMID: 31148447 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b03564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Wearable technology offers new ways to be more proactive about our health and surroundings in real time. For next-generation wearable systems, robust storage and recording media are required to monitor and process the essential electrical signals generated under various unpredictable strain conditions. Here, we report the first fibriform organic transistor memory integrated on a thin and flexible metal wire. A capillary tube coating system allows the formation of a thin and nanograined organic ferroelectric film on the wire. The uniform morphology imparts excellent switching stability (∼100 cycles), quasi-permanent retention (over 5 × 104 s), and low-voltage operation (below 5 V) to the fiber-shaped memory devices. When sewn in a stretchable textile fabric, the memory fiber achieves long retention time of more than 104 s with negligible degradation of memory window even under a constant diagonal strain of 100% that exhibits reliable data storage under tough environments. These results illustrate the possibility of the practical, wearable fiber memory for recording electronic signals in smart garment applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Kang
- Functional Composite Materials Research Center, Institute of Advanced Composite Materials , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Jeollabuk-do 55324 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-A Lee
- Functional Composite Materials Research Center, Institute of Advanced Composite Materials , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Jeollabuk-do 55324 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology , Chonbuk National University , Jeonju 561-756 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sukjae Jang
- Functional Composite Materials Research Center, Institute of Advanced Composite Materials , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Jeollabuk-do 55324 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sunbin Hwang
- Functional Composite Materials Research Center, Institute of Advanced Composite Materials , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Jeollabuk-do 55324 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seoung-Ki Lee
- Functional Composite Materials Research Center, Institute of Advanced Composite Materials , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Jeollabuk-do 55324 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sukang Bae
- Functional Composite Materials Research Center, Institute of Advanced Composite Materials , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Jeollabuk-do 55324 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Hong
- Functional Composite Materials Research Center, Institute of Advanced Composite Materials , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Jeollabuk-do 55324 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering , Chonnam National University , 77 Yongbong-ro , Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Un Jeong
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology , Chonbuk National University , Jeonju 561-756 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ah Lim
- Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 136-791 , Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Wook Kim
- Functional Composite Materials Research Center, Institute of Advanced Composite Materials , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Jeollabuk-do 55324 , Republic of Korea
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Kwon S, Kim H, Choi S, Jeong EG, Kim D, Lee S, Lee HS, Seo YC, Choi KC. Weavable and Highly Efficient Organic Light-Emitting Fibers for Wearable Electronics: A Scalable, Low-Temperature Process. Nano Lett 2018; 18:347-356. [PMID: 29210590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Fiber-based wearable displays, one of the most desirable requisites of electronic textiles (e-textiles), have emerged as a technology for their capability to revolutionize textile and fashion industries in collaboration with the state-of-the-art electronics. Nonetheless, challenges remain for the fibertronic approaches, because fiber-based light-emitting devices suffer from much lower performance than those fabricated on planar substrates. Here, we report weavable and highly efficient fiber-based organic light-emitting diodes (fiber OLEDs) based on a simple, cost-effective and low-temperature solution process. The values obtained for the fiber OLEDs, including efficiency and lifetime, are similar to that of conventional glass-based counterparts, which means that these state-of-the-art, highly efficient solution processed planar OLEDs can be applied to cylindrical shaped fibers without a reduction in performance. The fiber OLEDs withstand tensile strain up to 4.3% at a radius of 3.5 mm and are verified to be weavable into textiles and knitted clothes by hand-weaving demonstrations. Furthermore, to ensure the scalability of the proposed scheme fiber OLEDs with several diameters of 300, 220, 120, and 90 μm, thinner than a human hair, are demonstrated successfully. We believe that this approach, suitable for cost-effective reel-to-reel production, can realize low-cost commercially feasible fiber-based wearable displays in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonil Kwon
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Hyuncheol Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Seungyeop Choi
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Eun Gyo Jeong
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Dohong Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Somin Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Ho Seung Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Young Cheol Seo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Kyung Cheol Choi
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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