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Deianova N, El Manouni El Hassani S, Niemarkt HJ, Cossey V, van Kaam AH, Jenken F, van Weissenbruch MM, Doedes EM, Baelde K, Menezes R, Benninga MA, de Jonge WJ, de Boer NK, de Meij TG. Fecal Volatile Organic Compound Profiles are Not Influenced by Gestational Age and Mode of Delivery: A Longitudinal Multicenter Cohort Study. Biosensors (Basel) 2020; 10:E50. [PMID: 32403393 DOI: 10.3390/bios10050050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fecal volatile organic compounds (VOC) reflect human and gut microbiota metabolic pathways and their interaction. VOC behold potential as non-invasive preclinical diagnostic biomarkers in various diseases, e.g., necrotizing enterocolitis and late onset sepsis. There is a need for standardization and assessment of the influence of clinical and environmental factors on the VOC outcome before this technique can be applied in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of gestational age (GA) and mode of delivery on the fecal VOC pattern in preterm infants born below 30 weeks of gestation. Longitudinal fecal samples, collected on days 7, 14, and 21 postnatally, were analyzed by an electronic nose device (Cyranose 320®). In total, 58 preterm infants were included (29 infants born at GA 24–26 weeks vs. 29 at 27–29 completed weeks, 24 vaginally born vs. 34 via C-section). No differences were identified at any predefined time point in terms of GA and delivery mode (p > 0.05). We, therefore, concluded that correction for these factors in this population is not warranted when performing fecal VOC analysis in the first three weeks of life.
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El Manouni El Hassani S, Niemarkt HJ, Said H, Berkhout DJC, van Kaam AH, van Lingen RA, Benninga MA, de Boer NKH, de Meij TGJ. Fecal Volatile Organic Compounds in Preterm Infants Are Influenced by Enteral Feeding Composition. Sensors (Basel) 2018; 18:s18093037. [PMID: 30208643 PMCID: PMC6164023 DOI: 10.3390/s18093037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fecal volatile organic compound (VOC) analysis has shown great potential as a noninvasive diagnostic biomarker for a variety of diseases. Before clinical implementation, the factors influencing the outcome of VOC analysis need to be assessed. Recent studies found that the sampling conditions can influence the outcome of VOC analysis. However, the dietary influences remains unknown, especially in (preterm) infants. Therefore, we assessed the effects of feeding composition on fecal VOC patterns of preterm infants (born at <30 weeks gestation). Two subgroups were defined: (1) daily intake >75% breastmilk (BM) feeding and (2) daily intake >75% formula milk (FM) feeding. Fecal samples, which were collected at 7, 14 and 21 days postnatally, were analyzed by an electronic nose device (Cyranose 320®). In total, 30 preterm infants were included (15 FM, 15 BM). No differences in the fecal VOC patterns were observed at the three predefined time-points. Combining the fecal VOC profiles of these time-points resulted in a statistically significant difference between the two subgroups although this discriminative accuracy was only modest (AUC [95% CI]; p-value; sensitivity; and specificity of 0.64 [0.51–0.77]; 0.04; 68%; and 51%, respectively). Our results suggest that the influence of enteral feeding on the outcome of fecal VOC analysis cannot be ignored in this population. Furthermore, in both subgroups, the fecal VOC patterns showed a stable longitudinal course within the first month of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia El Manouni El Hassani
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Hendrik J Niemarkt
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Máxima Medical Center, 5504 DB Veldhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Hager Said
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Daniel J C Berkhout
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Anton H van Kaam
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Richard A van Lingen
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Amalia Children's Center/Isala, 8025 AB Zwolle, The Netherlands.
| | - Marc A Benninga
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Nanne K H de Boer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Tim G J de Meij
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Meij TG, Larbi IB, Schee MP, Lentferink YE, Paff T, Terhaar sive Droste JS, Mulder CJ, Bodegraven AA, Boer NK. Electronic nose can discriminate colorectal carcinoma and advanced adenomas by fecal volatile biomarker analysis: proof of principle study. Int J Cancer 2013; 134:1132-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim G. Meij
- Department of Paediatric GastroenterologyVU University medical centreAmsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Ilhame Ben Larbi
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyVU University medical centreAmsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Marc P. Schee
- Department of PulmonologyAcademic Medical CentreAmsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Yvette E. Lentferink
- Department of Paediatric GastroenterologyVU University medical centreAmsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Tamara Paff
- Department of Pulmonary diseasesVU University medical centreAmsterdam The Netherlands
| | | | - Chris J. Mulder
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyVU University medical centreAmsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan A. Bodegraven
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyVU University medical centreAmsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Nanne K. Boer
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyVU University medical centreAmsterdam The Netherlands
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