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Voigt K, Giddens E, Stark R, Frisch E, Moskovsky N, Kakoschke N, Stout JC, Bellgrove MA, Andrews ZB, Verdejo-Garcia A. The Hunger Games: Homeostatic State-Dependent Fluctuations in Disinhibition Measured with a Novel Gamified Test Battery. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062001. [PMID: 34200678 PMCID: PMC8230368 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Food homeostatic states (hunger and satiety) influence the cognitive systems regulating impulsive responses, but the direction and specific mechanisms involved in this effect remain elusive. We examined how fasting, and satiety, affect cognitive mechanisms underpinning disinhibition using a novel framework and a gamified test-battery. Thirty-four participants completed the test-battery measuring three cognitive facets of disinhibition: attentional control, information gathering and monitoring of feedback, across two experimental sessions: one after overnight fasting and another after a standardised meal. Homeostatic state was assessed using subjective self-reports and biological markers (i.e., blood-derived liver-expressed antimicrobial protein 2 (LEAP-2), insulin and leptin). We found that participants who experienced greater subjective hunger during the satiety session were more impulsive in the information gathering task; results were not confounded by changes in mood or anxiety. Homeostatic state did not significantly influence disinhibition mechanisms linked to attentional control or feedback monitoring. However, we found a significant interaction between homeostatic state and LEAP-2 on attentional control, with higher LEAP-2 associated with faster reaction times in the fasted condition only. Our findings indicate lingering hunger after eating increases impulsive behaviour via reduced information gathering. These findings identify a novel mechanism that may underpin the tendency to overeat and/or engage in broader impulsive behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Voigt
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (K.V.); (E.G.); (E.F.); (N.M.); (N.K.); (J.C.S.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Emily Giddens
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (K.V.); (E.G.); (E.F.); (N.M.); (N.K.); (J.C.S.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Romana Stark
- Department of Physiology and Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (R.S.); (Z.B.A.)
| | - Emma Frisch
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (K.V.); (E.G.); (E.F.); (N.M.); (N.K.); (J.C.S.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Neda Moskovsky
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (K.V.); (E.G.); (E.F.); (N.M.); (N.K.); (J.C.S.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Naomi Kakoschke
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (K.V.); (E.G.); (E.F.); (N.M.); (N.K.); (J.C.S.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Julie C. Stout
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (K.V.); (E.G.); (E.F.); (N.M.); (N.K.); (J.C.S.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Mark A. Bellgrove
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (K.V.); (E.G.); (E.F.); (N.M.); (N.K.); (J.C.S.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Zane B. Andrews
- Department of Physiology and Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (R.S.); (Z.B.A.)
| | - Antonio Verdejo-Garcia
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (K.V.); (E.G.); (E.F.); (N.M.); (N.K.); (J.C.S.); (M.A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-9905-5374
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