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Yamamoto H, Watanabe Y, Sato Y, Maehata T, Itoh F. Non-Invasive Early Molecular Detection of Gastric Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2880. [PMID: 33036473 PMCID: PMC7600616 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a significant source of global cancer death with a high mortality rate, because the majority of patients with GC are diagnosed at a late stage, with limited therapeutic choices and poor outcomes. Therefore, development of minimally invasive or noninvasive biomarkers which are specific to GC is crucially needed. The latest advancements in the understanding of GC molecular landscapes and molecular biological methods have accelerated attempts to diagnose GC at an early stage. Body fluids, including peripheral blood, saliva, gastric juice/wash, urine, and others, can be a source of biomarkers, offering new methods for the early detection of GC. Liquid biopsy-based methods using circulating sources of cancer nucleic acids could also be considered as alternative strategies. Moreover, investigating gastric juices/washes could represent an alternative for the detection of GC via invasive biopsy. This review summarizes recently reported biomarkers based on DNA methylation, microRNA, long noncoding RNA, circular RNA, or extracellular vesicles (exosomes) for the detection of GC. Although the majority of studies have been conducted to detect these alterations in advanced-stage GC and only a few in population studies or early-stage GC, some biomarkers are potentially valuable for the development of novel approaches for an early noninvasive detection of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yamamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan; (Y.W.); (Y.S.); (T.M.); (F.I.)
| | - Yoshiyuki Watanabe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan; (Y.W.); (Y.S.); (T.M.); (F.I.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Rinko General Hospital, Kawasaki 210-0806, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Sato
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan; (Y.W.); (Y.S.); (T.M.); (F.I.)
| | - Tadateru Maehata
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan; (Y.W.); (Y.S.); (T.M.); (F.I.)
| | - Fumio Itoh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan; (Y.W.); (Y.S.); (T.M.); (F.I.)
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Watanabe Y, Oikawa R, Kodaka Y, Sato Y, Ono S, Kenmochi T, Suzuki H, Futagami S, Kato M, Yamamoto H, Itoh F. Cancer-related genetic variants of Helicobacter pylori strains determined using gastric wash-based whole-genome analysis with single-molecule real-time technology. Int J Cancer 2020; 148:178-192. [PMID: 32803883 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are a primary factor in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer (GC); GC ranks third among cancer-related mortality. A clear understanding of the H. pylori genome factors underlying GC is necessary to develop more effective methods to prevent GC. A single-molecule real-time DNA sequencing-based H. pylori genome-wide association study analysis was performed using the H. pylori genome present in five early-stage GC (EGC) and five non-GC clinical DNA samples recovered from gastric washes. A total of 275 genes with 702 nucleotide variants (NVs) were found to be common to three or more patients with EGC but no non-GC patients (single-NV: 654/702, 93.2%; multi-NV: 40/702, 5.7%; deletion: 3/702, 0.4%; insertion: 3/702, 0.7%). Gene ontology analysis of H. pylori revealed that genes involved in the mitochondrial electron transport system, glycolytic processes and the TCA cycle were highly enriched. Cancer-related NVs were most frequently found in a member of the Helicobacter outer membrane protein family, hopL. In particular, one of the NVs in hopL was a novel six-nucleotide insertion (1159095̂1159096, TACTTC); this mutant was detected more frequently in a validation set of 50 additional EGC samples (22/50, 44.0%) than in 18 non-GC samples (3/18, 16.7%, P = .04). These results suggest that the hopL variant is associated with the development of GC and may serve as a genetic biomarker of H. pylori virulence and GC risk. Our assay can serve as a potent tool to expand our understanding of bacteria-associated tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Watanabe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Rinko General Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Oikawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodaka
- Division of Gastroenterology, Musashikosugi Hospital, Nippon Medical School, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Sato
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Shoko Ono
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kenmochi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saiseikai Kanagawa Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideo Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Seiji Futagami
- Division of Gastroenterology, Musashikosugi Hospital, Nippon Medical School, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Hakodate Hospital, Hakodate, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Fumio Itoh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
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Oikawa R, Watanabe Y, Miyamoto S, Sato Y, Ono S, Mabe K, Yamamoto H, Kato M, Itoh F. Enrichment of Helicobacter pylori mutant strains after eradication therapy analyzed by gastric wash-based quantitative pyrosequencing. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317734865. [PMID: 28990461 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317734865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The eradication of Helicobacter pylori reduces the risk of gastric cancer. A clear understanding of the factors underlying mixed infection with multiple clarithromycin-susceptible and clarithromycin-resistant H. pylori strains is necessary to design more effective therapies against H. pylori. We aimed to assess how the abundance and prevalence of H. pylori strains vary after clarithromycin-based eradication therapy. Using gastric wash samples, which represent the entire stomach, we sequentially analyzed the abundance and prevalence of H. pylori DNA by 23S ribosomal RNA pyrosequencing before and 1, 2, and 3 years after eradication therapy. Low levels of H. pylori DNA were still detectable at the first-year follow-up in all samples with negative post-treatment urea breath test results. The abundance of H. pylori DNA decreased significantly until the 2-year follow-up, but it switched to an increase at the 3-year follow-up. Importantly, the ratio of the prevalence of mutant strains to the prevalence of wild-type strains had already increased at the first-year follow-up and continued to increase, suggesting the selection and growth of clarithromycin-resistant strains during the follow-up periods. Being sensitive and representative, our assay will be useful in effectively addressing gastric cancer development by enhancing the long-term success of intervention strategies and consecutive surveillance for H. pylori eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritsuko Oikawa
- 1 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Watanabe
- 1 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan.,2 Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Rinko General Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Shuichi Miyamoto
- 3 Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Sato
- 1 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Shoko Ono
- 4 Division of Endoscopy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Mabe
- 5 Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Hakodate Hospital, Hakodate, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamamoto
- 1 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Kato
- 5 Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Hakodate Hospital, Hakodate, Japan
| | - Fumio Itoh
- 1 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
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