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Pieczynski JN, Kee HL. "Designer babies?!" A CRISPR-based learning module for undergraduates built around the CCR5 gene. Biochem Mol Biol Educ 2021; 49:80-93. [PMID: 32777177 PMCID: PMC7891609 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.21395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR-cas technology is being incorporated into undergraduate biology curriculum through lab experiences to immerse students in modern technology that is rapidly changing the landscape of science, medicine and agriculture. We developed and implemented an educational module that introduces students to CRISPR-cas technology in a Genetic course and an Advanced Genetics course. Our primary teaching objective was to immerse students in the design, strategy, conceptual modeling, and application of CRISPR-cas technology using the current research claim of the modification of the CCR5 gene in twin girls. This also allowed us to engage students in an open conversation about the bioethical implications of heritable germline and non-heritable somatic genomic editing. We assessed student-learning outcomes and conclude that this learning module is an effective strategy for teaching undergraduates the fundamentals and application of CRISPR-cas gene editing technology and can be adapted to other genes and diseases that are currently being treated with CRISPR-cas technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay N Pieczynski
- Department of Biology, Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida, USA
| | - Hooi Lynn Kee
- Department of Biology, Stetson University, DeLand, Florida, USA
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Zuccaro MV, Xu J, Mitchell C, Marin D, Zimmerman R, Rana B, Weinstein E, King RT, Palmerola KL, Smith ME, Tsang SH, Goland R, Jasin M, Lobo R, Treff N, Egli D. Allele-Specific Chromosome Removal after Cas9 Cleavage in Human Embryos. Cell 2020; 183:1650-1664.e15. [PMID: 33125898 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Correction of disease-causing mutations in human embryos holds the potential to reduce the burden of inherited genetic disorders and improve fertility treatments for couples with disease-causing mutations in lieu of embryo selection. Here, we evaluate repair outcomes of a Cas9-induced double-strand break (DSB) introduced on the paternal chromosome at the EYS locus, which carries a frameshift mutation causing blindness. We show that the most common repair outcome is microhomology-mediated end joining, which occurs during the first cell cycle in the zygote, leading to embryos with non-mosaic restoration of the reading frame. Notably, about half of the breaks remain unrepaired, resulting in an undetectable paternal allele and, after mitosis, loss of one or both chromosomal arms. Correspondingly, Cas9 off-target cleavage results in chromosomal losses and hemizygous indels because of cleavage of both alleles. These results demonstrate the ability to manipulate chromosome content and reveal significant challenges for mutation correction in human embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Zuccaro
- Department of Pediatrics and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia University Stem Cell Initiative, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jia Xu
- Genomic Prediction Inc., North Brunswick, NJ 08902, USA
| | - Carl Mitchell
- Columbia University Stem Cell Initiative, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Diego Marin
- Genomic Prediction Inc., North Brunswick, NJ 08902, USA
| | | | - Bhavini Rana
- Genomic Prediction Inc., North Brunswick, NJ 08902, USA; Department of Molecular Biosciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Everett Weinstein
- Department of Pediatrics and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rebeca T King
- Department of Pediatrics and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Katherine L Palmerola
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Morgan E Smith
- Department of Pediatrics and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Stephen H Tsang
- Columbia University Stem Cell Initiative, New York, NY 10032, USA; Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University. New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Robin Goland
- Department of Pediatrics and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Maria Jasin
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Rogerio Lobo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Nathan Treff
- Genomic Prediction Inc., North Brunswick, NJ 08902, USA; Department of Molecular Biosciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Dieter Egli
- Department of Pediatrics and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia University Stem Cell Initiative, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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