1
|
Haun CT, Vann CG, Mobley CB, Roberson PA, Osburn SC, Holmes HM, Mumford PM, Romero MA, Young KC, Moon JR, Gladden LB, Arnold RD, Israetel MA, Kirby AN, Roberts MD. Effects of Graded Whey Supplementation During Extreme-Volume Resistance Training. Front Nutr 2018; 5:84. [PMID: 30255024 PMCID: PMC6141782 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined hypertrophic outcomes of weekly graded whey protein dosing (GWP) vs. whey protein (WP) or maltodextrin (MALTO) dosed once daily during 6 weeks of high-volume resistance training (RT). College-aged resistance-trained males (training age = 5 ± 3 years; mean ± SD) performed 6 weeks of RT wherein frequency was 3 d/week and each session involved 2 upper- and 2 lower-body exercises (10 repetitions/set). Volume increased from 10 sets/exercise (week 1) to 32 sets/exercise (week 6), which is the highest volume investigated in this timeframe. Participants were assigned to WP (25 g/d; n = 10), MALTO (30 g/d; n = 10), or GWP (25–150 g/d from weeks 1–6; n = 11), and supplementation occurred throughout training. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), vastus lateralis (VL), and biceps brachii ultrasounds for muscle thicknesses, and bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) were performed prior to training (PRE) and after weeks 3 (MID) and 6 (POST). VL biopsies were also collected for immunohistochemical staining. The GWP group experienced the greatest PRE to POST reduction in DXA fat mass (FM) (−1.00 kg, p < 0.05), and a robust increase in DXA fat- and bone-free mass [termed lean body mass (LBM) throughout] (+2.93 kg, p < 0.05). However, the MALTO group also experienced a PRE to POST increase in DXA LBM (+2.35 kg, p < 0.05), and the GWP and MALTO groups experienced similar PRE to POST increases in type II muscle fiber cross-sectional area (~+300 μm2). When examining the effects of training on LBM increases (ΔLBM) in all participants combined, PRE to MID (+1.34 kg, p < 0.001) and MID to POST (+0.85 kg, p < 0.001) increases were observed. However, when adjusting ΔLBM for extracellular water (ECW) changes, intending to remove the confounder of edema, a significant increase was observed from PRE to MID (+1.18 kg, p < 0.001) but not MID to POST (+0.25 kg; p = 0.131). Based upon DXA data, GWP supplementation may be a viable strategy to improve body composition during high-volume RT. However, large LBM increases observed in the MALTO group preclude us from suggesting that GWP supplementation is clearly superior in facilitating skeletal muscle hypertrophy. With regard to the implemented RT program, ECW-corrected ΔLBM gains were largely dampened, but still positive, in resistance-trained participants when RT exceeded ~20 sets/exercise/wk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cody T Haun
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | | | | | - Paul A Roberson
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Shelby C Osburn
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Hudson M Holmes
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Petey M Mumford
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Matthew A Romero
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Kaelin C Young
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine-Auburn Campus, Auburn, AL, United States
| | | | - L Bruce Gladden
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Robert D Arnold
- Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | | | - Annie N Kirby
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine-Auburn Campus, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Michael D Roberts
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine-Auburn Campus, Auburn, AL, United States
| |
Collapse
|