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Åhlén D, Peacock M, Brodin Y, Hambäck PA. Wetland productivity determines trade-off between biodiversity support and greenhouse gas production. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10619. [PMID: 37869431 PMCID: PMC10587742 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Establishing wetlands for nutrient capture and biodiversity support may introduce trade-offs between environmentally beneficial functions and detrimental greenhouse gas emissions. Investigating the interaction of nutrient capture, primary production, greenhouse gas production and biodiversity support is imperative to understanding the overall function of wetlands and determining possible beneficial synergistic effects and trade-offs. Here, we present temporally replicated data from 17 wetlands in hemi-boreal Sweden. We explored the relationship between nutrient load, primary producing algae, production of methane and nitrous oxide, and emergence rates of chironomids to determine what factors affected each and how they related to each other. Chironomid emergence rates correlated positively with methane production and negatively with nitrous oxide production, where water temperature was the main driving factor. Increasing nutrient loads reduced methanogenesis through elevated nitrogen concentrations, while simultaneously enhancing nitrous oxide production. Nutrient loads only indirectly increased chironomid emergence rates through increased chlorophyll-a concentration, via increased phosphorus concentrations, with certain taxa and food preference functional groups benefitting from increased chlorophyll-a concentrations. However, water temperature seemed to be the main driving factor for chironomid emergence rates, community composition and diversity, as well as for greenhouse gas production. These findings increase our understanding of the governing relationships between biodiversity support and greenhouse gas production, and should inform future management when constructing wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Åhlén
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant SciencesStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Mike Peacock
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and AssessmentSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
- Department of Geography and Planning, School of Environmental SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Yngve Brodin
- Department of ZoologyThe Swedish Museum of Natural HistoryStockholmSweden
| | - Peter A. Hambäck
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant SciencesStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
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Jofré-Fernández I, Matus-Baeza F, Merino-Guzmán C. White-rot fungi scavenge reactive oxygen species, which drives pH-dependent exo-enzymatic mechanisms and promotes CO 2 efflux. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1148750. [PMID: 37362943 PMCID: PMC10285405 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1148750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition mechanisms in rainforest ecosystems are governed by biotic and abiotic procedures which depend on available oxygen in the soil. White-rot fungi (WRF) play an important role in the primary decomposition of SOM via enzymatic mechanisms (biotic mechanism), which are linked to abiotic oxidative reactions (e.g., Fenton reaction), where both processes are dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and soil pH variation, which has yet been studied. In humid temperate forest soils, we hypothesize that soil pH is a determining factor that regulates the production and consumption of ROS during biotic and abiotic SOM decomposition. Three soils from different parent materials and WRF inoculum were considered for this study: granitic (Nahuelbuta, Schizophyllum commune), metamorphic (Alerce Costero, Stereum hirsutum), and volcanic-allophanic (Puyehue, Galerina patagonica). CO2 fluxes, lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, and dye-decolorizing peroxidase levels were all determined. Likewise, the production of superoxide anion (O2•-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals (•OH) were assessed in soils microcosms after 36 days of anaerobic incubation with WRF inoculum and induced Fenton reaction under pH variations ranging from 2.5 to 5.1. ROS significantly increased biotic and abiotic CO2 emissions in all tested soils, according to the findings. The highest values (217.45 mg C kg-1) were found during the anaerobic incubation of sterilized and inoculated soils with WRF at a natural pH of 4.5. At pH 4.0, the lowest levels of C mineralization (82 mg C kg-1) were found in Nahuelbuta soil. Enzyme activities showed different trends as pH changed. The Fenton reaction consumed more H2O2 between pH 3 and 4, but less between pH 4.5 and 2.5. The mechanisms that oxidized SOM are extremely sensitive to variations in soil pH and the stability of oxidant radical and non-radical compounds, according to our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Jofré-Fernández
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Laboratory of Geomicrobiology, Department of Chemical Sciences and Natural Resources, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Network for Extreme Environmental Research (NEXER), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Francisco Matus-Baeza
- Laboratory of Conservation and Dynamics of Volcanic Soils, Department of Chemical Sciences and Natural Resources, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Network for Extreme Environmental Research (NEXER), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Carolina Merino-Guzmán
- Laboratory of Geomicrobiology, Department of Chemical Sciences and Natural Resources, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Feng L, Wenting H, Akhter T, Albasher G, Aamir A, Imran A. Evading the Entrepreneurship: A Study to Discover Implementable Online Approaches to Avoid Greenhouse Consequences. Front Psychol 2021; 12:713957. [PMID: 34434152 PMCID: PMC8381331 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.713957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Greenhouse gases emissions due to climate change are a continuous threat to the global world, mainly relying on the pervasive consumption of numerous products, including synthetic and non-synthetic products. This research focused on the green purchase intentions of students in Pakistan towards different products, which are related to minimising the greenhouse effect and are available for sale on numerous e-commerce websites, ultimately proceeding to green entrepreneurship. The main objective of this study was to determine which methodology was better among product listing, social media advertising, and online virtual community to enhance customer online green purchase intention while considering online information about the greenhouse effect as a mediating variable. The AMOS 24 was used for this research. SEM was performed with the help of bootstrap methodology. The research was conducted on 280 students at different educational institutes in Pakistan, using a simple random sampling technique. A finding of this study suggested that all three methods positively impacted the green purchase intention of consumers and green entrepreneurship, but online virtual communities could be considered in a more effective way to enhance the green purchase intention of its targeted customers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Feng
- School of Philosophy and Social Development, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Hu Wenting
- Business School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Business College, Jiangsu Open University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Gadah Albasher
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alamzeb Aamir
- Department of Management Science, FATA University, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Asma Imran
- Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
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Nørskov NP, Bruhn A, Cole A, Nielsen MO. Targeted and Untargeted Metabolic Profiling to Discover Bioactive Compounds in Seaweeds and Hemp Using Gas and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11050259. [PMID: 33922209 PMCID: PMC8146358 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11050259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Greenhouse gas emissions are a global problem facing the dairy/beef industry. Novel feed additives consisting of seaweeds and hemp containing bioactive compounds are theorized to reduce enteric methane emissions. In this study we aimed to investigate the metabolic profiles of brown, red and green seaweeds and hemp using gas chromatography and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. We used targeted and untargeted approaches, quantifying known halomethanes and phenolics, as well as identifying potentially novel bioactive compounds with anti-methanogenic properties. The main findings were: (a) Asparagopsis taxiformis contained halomethanes, with high concentrations of bromoform (4200 µg/g DW), six volatile halocarbons were tentatively identified; (b) no halomethanes were detected in the other studied seaweeds nor in hemp; (c) high concentrations of lignans were measured in hemp; (d) a high numbers of sulfated phenolic acids and unidentified sulfuric acid-containing compounds were detected in all seaweeds; (e) flavonoid glucosides and glucuronides were mainly identified in hemp; and (f) the condensed tannin gallocatechin was tentatively identified in Fucus sp. Using the combined metabolomics approach, an overview and in-depth information on secondary metabolites were provided. Halomethanes of Asparagopsis sp. have already been shown to be anti-methanogenic; however, metabolic profiles of seaweeds such as Dictyota and Sargassum have also been shown to contain compounds that may have anti-methanogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalja P. Nørskov
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark;
- Center for Circular Bioeconomy, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
- Correspondence:
| | - Annette Bruhn
- Center for Circular Bioeconomy, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark;
| | - Andrew Cole
- Center for Macroalgal Resources and Biotechnology, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD 4811, Australia;
| | - Mette Olaf Nielsen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark;
- Center for Circular Bioeconomy, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
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Bagheri Varzaneh M, Klevenhusen F, Zebeli Q, Petri R. Scrophularia striata Extract Supports Rumen Fermentation and Improves Microbial Diversity in vitro Compared to Monensin. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2164. [PMID: 30283414 PMCID: PMC6156526 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the search for natural alternatives to antibiotic feed additives, we compared the efficacy of two doses of Scrophularia striata extract [S. striata-Low at 40 and S. striata-High at 80 mg g-1 dry matter (DM)] with monensin (monensin) and a negative control in the modulation of rumen fermentation, methane production and microbial abundance in vitro. Microbes were investigated using qPCR and 16S rRNA targeted sequencing. Data showed that the addition of S. striata increased production of total short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in comparison to both monensin and control (P = 0.04). The addition of S. striata increased acetate production, and increased propionate at the higher dosage (P < 0.001). Supplementation of S. striata lowered methane production (P < 0.001) compared to control but with no effect compared to monensin. Ammonia concentration decreased by 52% (P < 0.001) with S. striata-High supplementation (4.14 mmol L-1) compared to control, which was greater than that of monensin (36%). The diversity of rumen bacteria was reduced (P < 0.001) for monensin and S. striata for both the number of observed OTUs and the Chao1 index. Quantitative analysis of Protozoa showed a decrease in the monensin treatment (P = 0.05) compared to control. Archaea copy numbers decreased equally in both S. striata-High and monensin treatments compared to the control group. Supplementation with S. striata increased relative abundances of Fibrobacteres (P < 0.001) and Planctomycetes (P = 0.001) in comparison to both the control and monensin treatments. Significant negative correlations were observed between the abundances of Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, and Succinivibrio genera and methane (r > -0.71; P ≤ 0.001). The abundance of Fibrobacter genera and total SCFA (r = 0.86), acetate (r = 0.75), and valerate (r = -0.51; P < 0.001) correlated positively. These results suggest that S. striata supplementation at 80 mg g-1 DM inclusion, similar to monensin, supports rumen fermentation, lowers methane and ammonia production. However, S. striata supported rumen fermentation toward higher total SCFA and propionate production, while unlike monensin still supported a diverse rumen microbiome and an increase in cellulolytic bacteria such as Fibrobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Bagheri Varzaneh
- Department of Agriculture, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fenja Klevenhusen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Qendrim Zebeli
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renee Petri
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Abstract
The use of quantum computers and Artificial Intelligence (AI) is imperative for use in space exploration and astrobiology
investigations. Considerable progress has been made since the commencement of origin of life laboratory and theoretical studies in the
mid 20th century. However, the sheer amount of data amassed to date in all these studies including exoplanetary and astrobiological
studies is enormous and increasing steadily. Thus, there is the need for AI and quantum computers. As AI develops, it will become
crucial in the development of the statistical and database programs that are indispensable to analyze the huge quantity of cumulative
data. Diverse biotic and geochemical processes have been shown to produce methane on the Earth. Elsewhere in the solar system, on
other planets (e.g. Mars) and moons (e.g. Titan), as well as on exoplanets, abiotic processes are considered the primary sources of
methane. Astronomers and astro-biologists infer that the presence of methane supports the possibility of the presence of at least
microbial life. In addition, on the Earth, there are also degradative reactions that include smog-related compounds and hazes that are
produced as artefacts of intrinsic methane geochemistry as well as due to human footprint. Astronomers and astro-biologists envision
life, away from the Earth, elsewhere in the solar system and on exoplanets, to occur under conditions similar or related to terrestrial life
(goldilocks zone) conditions. These properties that are compatible with life as we know it on the Earth, include planetary orbits,
gravitation, star radiant energy, presence of liquid water, and compatible temperatures and pressures, found on Earth. Generally,
extraterrestrial life is also considered to resemble the biochemistry, molecular biology, and physiology of life on Earth - thus the focus
on detection of supposed biosignatures of microbial life that resemble the Earth's. Nevertheless a crucial factor is absent in these
deliberations - viruses. On the Earth, viruses that infect Archaea and bacteria form local and widespread global ecosystems. These
viruses play a crucial role and facilitate the molecular transfer of host genes among various hosts. This essential function is
underestimated in evolutionary as well as astrobiological speculations. Thus, it is of substantial importance to consider the roles that
viruses may have played during the origin of life as well as in any exobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Shapshak
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33606, USA
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