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Liang A, Fang Y, Ye L, Meng J, Wang X, Chen J, Xu X. Signaling pathways in hair aging. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1278278. [PMID: 38033857 PMCID: PMC10687558 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1278278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hair follicle (HF) homeostasis is regulated by various signaling pathways. Disruption of such homeostasis leads to HF disorders, such as alopecia, pigment loss, and hair aging, which is causing severe health problems and aesthetic concerns. Among these disorders, hair aging is characterized by hair graying, hair loss, hair follicle miniaturization (HFM), and structural changes to the hair shaft. Hair aging occurs under physiological conditions, while premature hair aging is often associated with certain pathological conditions. Numerous investigations have been made to determine the mechanisms and explore treatments to prevent hair aging. The most well-known hypotheses about hair aging include oxidative stress, hormonal disorders, inflammation, as well as DNA damage and repair defects. Ultimately, these factors pose threats to HF cells, especially stem cells such as hair follicle stem cells, melanocyte stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells, which hamper hair regeneration and pigmentation. Here, we summarize previous studies investigating the above mechanisms and the existing therapeutic methods for hair aging. We also provide insights into hair aging research and discuss the limitations and outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishi Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingshan Fang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lan Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianda Meng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xusheng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinsong Chen
- Endocrinology Department, First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Xuejuan Xu
- Endocrinology Department, First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
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Villani A, Ferrillo M, Fabbrocini G, Ocampo-Garza SS, Scalvenzi M, Ruggiero A. Hair Aging and Hair Disorders in Elderly Patients. Int J Trichology 2022; 14:191-196. [PMID: 37034552 PMCID: PMC10075351 DOI: 10.4103/ijt.ijt_90_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hair loss in elderly patients is a common complaint. It can be related to different conditions that affect patients' quality of life and represents a challenge for dermatologists. It affects both men and women during the aging process with an estimated percentage of balding after 65 years of age of 53% and 37%, respectively. Androgenetic alopecia, frontal fibrosing alopecia, senile alopecia, and erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp are the hair diseases most frequently described in this age group. The objective of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about alopecia affecting elderly patients, differentiating between chronological hair aging signs and pathological changes, to help clinicians, offer an adequate management of these disorders to their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Villani
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Ferrillo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Fabbrocini
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sonia Sofía Ocampo-Garza
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Massimiliano Scalvenzi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Angelo Ruggiero
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Maymone MBC, Laughter M, Pollock S, Khan I, Marques T, Abdat R, Goldberg LJ, Vashi NA. Hair Aging in Different Races and Ethnicities. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 2021; 14:38-44. [PMID: 33584967 PMCID: PMC7869811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Aging is an unavoidable biological process with many influencing factors, accounting for a multitude of visible manifestations on the hair as well as the skin. As the population ages while becoming more diverse, it is increasingly important to better understand the hair aging process. METHODS: A literature search was performed to review what is known about changes in hair structure over time, focusing on the differences in hair aging according to ethnic background. RESULTS: Sixty-nine publications were selected and information regarding hair structure, aging characteristics, and responses to extrinsic damage together with differences between races and ethnicities was collected. Hair-graying onset varies with race, with the average age for Caucasians being mid-thirties, that for Asians being late thirties, and that for Africans being mid-forties. Caucasians and Asians typically experience damage to the distal hair shaft, while African-Americans see damage occurring closer to the hair root. Postmenopausal changes include decreased anagen hairs in the frontal scalp, lower growth rates, and smaller hair diameters. CONCLUSION: There is a paucity of literature examining the characteristics of hair aging across all races. The unique characteristics of hair aging in different ethnicities provides information that will aid in a culturally sensitive approach and recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra B C Maymone
- Drs. Maymone, Goldberg, and Vashi, Ms. Pollock, and Ms. Khan are with the Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine in Boston, Massachusetts
- Drs. Maymone and Laughter are with the Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine in Denver, Colorado
- Dr. Marques is with the Department of Internal Medicine, Metrowest Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts
- Dr. Abdat is with the Department of Dermatology, Tufts Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts
- Dr. Vashi is also with the United States Department of Veteran Affairs, Boston Health Care System in Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Melissa Laughter
- Drs. Maymone, Goldberg, and Vashi, Ms. Pollock, and Ms. Khan are with the Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine in Boston, Massachusetts
- Drs. Maymone and Laughter are with the Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine in Denver, Colorado
- Dr. Marques is with the Department of Internal Medicine, Metrowest Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts
- Dr. Abdat is with the Department of Dermatology, Tufts Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts
- Dr. Vashi is also with the United States Department of Veteran Affairs, Boston Health Care System in Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Samara Pollock
- Drs. Maymone, Goldberg, and Vashi, Ms. Pollock, and Ms. Khan are with the Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine in Boston, Massachusetts
- Drs. Maymone and Laughter are with the Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine in Denver, Colorado
- Dr. Marques is with the Department of Internal Medicine, Metrowest Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts
- Dr. Abdat is with the Department of Dermatology, Tufts Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts
- Dr. Vashi is also with the United States Department of Veteran Affairs, Boston Health Care System in Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Iman Khan
- Drs. Maymone, Goldberg, and Vashi, Ms. Pollock, and Ms. Khan are with the Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine in Boston, Massachusetts
- Drs. Maymone and Laughter are with the Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine in Denver, Colorado
- Dr. Marques is with the Department of Internal Medicine, Metrowest Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts
- Dr. Abdat is with the Department of Dermatology, Tufts Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts
- Dr. Vashi is also with the United States Department of Veteran Affairs, Boston Health Care System in Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thaís Marques
- Drs. Maymone, Goldberg, and Vashi, Ms. Pollock, and Ms. Khan are with the Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine in Boston, Massachusetts
- Drs. Maymone and Laughter are with the Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine in Denver, Colorado
- Dr. Marques is with the Department of Internal Medicine, Metrowest Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts
- Dr. Abdat is with the Department of Dermatology, Tufts Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts
- Dr. Vashi is also with the United States Department of Veteran Affairs, Boston Health Care System in Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rana Abdat
- Drs. Maymone, Goldberg, and Vashi, Ms. Pollock, and Ms. Khan are with the Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine in Boston, Massachusetts
- Drs. Maymone and Laughter are with the Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine in Denver, Colorado
- Dr. Marques is with the Department of Internal Medicine, Metrowest Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts
- Dr. Abdat is with the Department of Dermatology, Tufts Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts
- Dr. Vashi is also with the United States Department of Veteran Affairs, Boston Health Care System in Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lynne J Goldberg
- Drs. Maymone, Goldberg, and Vashi, Ms. Pollock, and Ms. Khan are with the Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine in Boston, Massachusetts
- Drs. Maymone and Laughter are with the Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine in Denver, Colorado
- Dr. Marques is with the Department of Internal Medicine, Metrowest Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts
- Dr. Abdat is with the Department of Dermatology, Tufts Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts
- Dr. Vashi is also with the United States Department of Veteran Affairs, Boston Health Care System in Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Neelam A Vashi
- Drs. Maymone, Goldberg, and Vashi, Ms. Pollock, and Ms. Khan are with the Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine in Boston, Massachusetts
- Drs. Maymone and Laughter are with the Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine in Denver, Colorado
- Dr. Marques is with the Department of Internal Medicine, Metrowest Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts
- Dr. Abdat is with the Department of Dermatology, Tufts Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts
- Dr. Vashi is also with the United States Department of Veteran Affairs, Boston Health Care System in Boston, Massachusetts
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