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Gąsior JS, Gąsienica-Józkowy M, Młyńczak M, Rosoł M, Makuch R, Baranowski R, Werner B. Heart rate dynamics and asymmetry during sympathetic activity stimulation and post-stimulation recovery in ski mountaineers-a pilot exploratory study. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1336034. [PMID: 38495673 PMCID: PMC10941344 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1336034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a lack of studies on non-linear heart rate (HR) variability in athletes. We aimed to assess the usefulness of short-term HR dynamics and asymmetry parameters to evaluate the neural modulation of cardiac activity based on non-stationary RR interval series by studying their changes during sympathetic nervous system activity stimulation (isometric handgrip test) and post-stimulation recovery in professional ski mountaineers. The correlation between the changes in the parameters and the respiratory rate (RespRate) and also the duration of the career was analyzed. Short-term (5 min) and ultra-short-term (1 min) rates of patterns with no variations (0V), number of acceleration runs of length 1 (AR1), and short-term Porta's Index were greater, whereas Guzik's Index (GI) was smaller during sympathetic stimulation compared to rest. GI increased and the number of AR1 decreased during recovery. Greater increases in GI and RMSSD were associated with greater decreases in RespRate during recovery. Greater increases in RespRate from rest to short-term sympathetic stimulation were associated with greater increases in 0V (Max-min method) and AR1 but also with greater decreases in decelerations of short-term variance and accelerations and decelerations of long-term variance. Greater increases in 0V (Max-min method) and number of AR1 during sympathetic stimulation were associated with a shorter career duration. Greater decreases in these parameters during recovery were associated with a longer career duration. Changes in measures of HR dynamics and asymmetry, calculated based on short-term non-stationary RRi time series induced by sympathetic stimulation and post-stimulation recovery, reflected sympathovagal shift and were associated with condition-related alterations in RespRate and career duration in athletes who practice ski mountaineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub S. Gąsior
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and General Pediatrics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Marcel Młyńczak
- Faculty of Mechatronics, Institute of Metrology and Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Rosoł
- Faculty of Mechatronics, Institute of Metrology and Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Makuch
- Department of Physical Education, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, Radom, Poland
| | - Rafał Baranowski
- Department of Heart Rhythm Disorders, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bożena Werner
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and General Pediatrics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Mayor D, Steffert T, Datseris G, Firth A, Panday D, Kandel H, Banks D. Complexity and Entropy in Physiological Signals (CEPS): Resonance Breathing Rate Assessed Using Measures of Fractal Dimension, Heart Rate Asymmetry and Permutation Entropy. Entropy (Basel) 2023; 25:301. [PMID: 36832667 PMCID: PMC9955651 DOI: 10.3390/e25020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As technology becomes more sophisticated, more accessible methods of interpretating Big Data become essential. We have continued to develop Complexity and Entropy in Physiological Signals (CEPS) as an open access MATLAB® GUI (graphical user interface) providing multiple methods for the modification and analysis of physiological data. METHODS To demonstrate the functionality of the software, data were collected from 44 healthy adults for a study investigating the effects on vagal tone of breathing paced at five different rates, as well as self-paced and un-paced. Five-minute 15-s recordings were used. Results were also compared with those from shorter segments of the data. Electrocardiogram (ECG), electrodermal activity (EDA) and Respiration (RSP) data were recorded. Particular attention was paid to COVID risk mitigation, and to parameter tuning for the CEPS measures. For comparison, data were processed using Kubios HRV, RR-APET and DynamicalSystems.jl software. We also compared findings for ECG RR interval (RRi) data resampled at 4 Hz (4R) or 10 Hz (10R), and non-resampled (noR). In total, we used around 190-220 measures from CEPS at various scales, depending on the analysis undertaken, with our investigation focused on three families of measures: 22 fractal dimension (FD) measures, 40 heart rate asymmetries or measures derived from Poincaré plots (HRA), and 8 measures based on permutation entropy (PE). RESULTS FDs for the RRi data differentiated strongly between breathing rates, whether data were resampled or not, increasing between 5 and 7 breaths per minute (BrPM). Largest effect sizes for RRi (4R and noR) differentiation between breathing rates were found for the PE-based measures. Measures that both differentiated well between breathing rates and were consistent across different RRi data lengths (1-5 min) included five PE-based (noR) and three FDs (4R). Of the top 12 measures with short-data values consistently within ± 5% of their values for the 5-min data, five were FDs, one was PE-based, and none were HRAs. Effect sizes were usually greater for CEPS measures than for those implemented in DynamicalSystems.jl. CONCLUSION The updated CEPS software enables visualisation and analysis of multichannel physiological data using a variety of established and recently introduced complexity entropy measures. Although equal resampling is theoretically important for FD estimation, it appears that FD measures may also be usefully applied to non-resampled data.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mayor
- School of Health and Social Work, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Tony Steffert
- MindSpire, Napier House, 14–16 Mount Ephraim Rd., Tunbridge Wells TN1 1EE, UK
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, STEM, Walton Hall, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
| | - George Datseris
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Exeter, North Park Road, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK
| | - Andrea Firth
- University Campus Football Business, Wembley HA9 0WS, UK
| | - Deepak Panday
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Harikala Kandel
- Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Duncan Banks
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, STEM, Walton Hall, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
- Department of Physiology, Busitema University, Mbale P.O. Box 1966, Uganda
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Sibrecht G, Piskorski J, Krauze T, Guzik P. Heart Rate Asymmetry, Its Compensation, and Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Adults during 48-h Holter ECG Recordings. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12031219. [PMID: 36769867 PMCID: PMC9917705 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12031219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart rate asymmetry (HRA) reflects different contributions of heart rate (HR) decelerations and accelerations to heart rate variability (HRV). In this study, we examined various properties of HRA, including its compensation and HRV, in 48-h electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings in healthy adults. Furthermore, we compared sex differences in parameters used to quantify HRA and HRV. Variance-based and relative HRA and HRV parameters were computed for Holter ECG recordings lasting up to 48 h in 101 healthy volunteers. The median age of the subjects was 39 years, with 47 of them being men. The prevalence of all forms of HRA was statistically different from randomness (p < 0.0001). Specifically, HR decelerations contributed >50% (C1d) to short-term HRA in 98.02% of subjects, while HR decelerations contributed <50% to long-term HRA in 89.11% of recordings and to total HRA in 88.12% of recordings. Additionally, decelerations accounted for <50% of all changing heartbeats (Porta's index) in 74.26% of subjects, and HRA compensation was present in 88.12% of volunteers. Our findings suggest that various HRA features are present in most healthy adults. While men had more pronounced HRA expression, the prevalence of short-, long-term, and total HRA and its compensation was similar in both sexes. For HRV, values of variance-based indices were higher in men than in women, but no differences were found for relative measures. In conclusion, our study references HRA and HRV for longer ECG recordings of up to 48 h, which have become increasingly important in clinical ECG monitoring. The findings can help understand and compare the characteristics of HRA and HRV in patients with different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Sibrecht
- Department of Cardiology–Intensive Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jarosław Piskorski
- Institute of Physics, University of Zielona Gora, Szafrana 4a, 65-516 Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Tomasz Krauze
- Department of Cardiology–Intensive Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Przemysław Guzik
- Department of Cardiology–Intensive Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Zalas D, Bobkowski W, Piskorski J, Guzik P. Heart Rate Asymmetry in Healthy Children. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12031194. [PMID: 36769841 PMCID: PMC9918166 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12031194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart rate asymmetry (HRA) is a physiological phenomenon characterized by an unequal contribution of heart rate decelerations and accelerations to different heart rate variability (HRV) features. While HRA has been demonstrated in adults' ECGs of different duration, a similar investigation in healthy children has not been conducted. This study investigated the variance- and number-based HRA features in 96 healthy children (50 girls and 46 boys, aged 3-18 years) using 24-h ECGs. Additionally, we studied sex differences in HRA. To quantify HRA, variance-based and relative contributions of heart rate decelerations to short-term (C1d), long-term (C2d), and total (CTd) HRV, and the number of all heartbeats (Nd) were computed. Heart rate decelerations contributed more to C1d, but less to C2d and CTd, and were less frequent than heart rate accelerations. Short-term HRA was better expressed in boys. The majority of children (93.7%) had short-term HRA, 88.5% had long-term HRA, 88.5% had total HRA, and 99.0% had more accelerations than decelerations. No sex differences were observed for the rate of various HRA features. Heart rate asymmetry is a common phenomenon in healthy children, as observed in 24-h ECGs. Our findings can be used as reference data for future clinical studies on HRA in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Zalas
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | - Waldemar Bobkowski
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | - Jarosław Piskorski
- Institute of Physics, University of Zielona Gora, 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Przemysław Guzik
- Department of Cardiology-Intensive Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Pawłowski R, Zalewski P, Newton J, Piątkowska A, Koźluk E, Opolski G, Buszko K. An assessment of heart rate and blood pressure asymmetry in the diagnosis of vasovagal syncope in females. Front Physiol 2023; 13:1087837. [PMID: 36699671 PMCID: PMC9868761 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1087837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Heart Rate Asymmetry (HRA) describes a phenomenon of differences between accelerations and decelerations in human heart rate. Methods used for HRA assessment can be further implemented in the evaluation of asymmetry in blood pressure variations (Blood Pressure Asymmetry-BPA). Methods: We have analyzed retrospectively the series of heartbeat intervals extracted from ECG and beat-to-beat blood pressure signals from 16 vasovagal patients (age: 32.1 ± 13.3; BMI: 21.6 ± 3.8; all female) and 19 healthy subjects (age: 34.6 ± 7.6; BMI: 22.1 ± 3.4; all female) who have undergone tilt test (70°). Asymmetry was evaluated with Poincaré plot-based methods for 5 min recordings from supine and tilt stages of the test. The analyzed biosignals were heart rate (RR), diastolic (dBP) and systolic Blood Pressure (sBP) and Pulse Pressure (PP). In the paper we explored the differences between healthy and vasovagal women. Results: The changes of HRA indicators between supine and tilt were observed only in the control group (Porta Index p = 0.026 and Guzik Index p = 0.005). No significant differences in beat-to-beat variability (i.e. spread of points across the line of identity in Poincaré plot-SD1) of dBP was noted between supine and tilt in the vasovagal group (p = 0.433 in comparison to p = 0.014 in healthy females). Moreover, in vasovagal patients the PP was significantly different (supine: 41.47; tilt: 39.27 mmHg) comparing to healthy subjects (supine: 35.87; tilt: 33.50 mmHg) in supine (p = 0.019) and in tilt (p = 0.014). Discussion: Analysis of HRA and BPA represents a promising method for the evaluation of cardiovascular response to orthostatic stressors, however currently it is difficult to determine a subject's underlying health condition based only on these parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Pawłowski
- Department of Biostatistics and Biomedical Systems Theory, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland,*Correspondence: Rafał Pawłowski,
| | - Paweł Zalewski
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Functional Anatomy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland,Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Julia Newton
- Population Health Sciences Institute, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Agnieszka Piątkowska
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland,1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edward Koźluk
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Opolski
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Buszko
- Department of Biostatistics and Biomedical Systems Theory, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Kreska Z, Mátrai P, Nemeth B, Ajtay B, Kiss I, Hejjel L, Ajtay Z. Physical Vascular Therapy (BEMER) Affects Heart Rate Asymmetry in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease. In Vivo 2022; 36:1408-1415. [PMID: 35478109 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The aim of this study was to assess the acute effects of physical vascular therapy (PVT) on the autonomous nervous system by heart rate variability (HRV) and heart rate asymmetry (HRA) analysis. The low-frequency, pulsed electromagnetic field (<35 μTesla) with a patented BEMER pattern can improve vasomotion and microcirculation. A non-invasive confirmation of the instant effects of PVT may provide an opportunity to give an immediate feedback to the patient and therapist. PATIENTS AND METHODS Altogether 48 patients on inward rehabilitation with coronary heart disease (CHD) were involved, their treatment included PVT with B.Box Professional and B.Body Pro applicator (BEMER International AG, Triesen, Lichtenstein). After 15 min of postural adaptation, 6-min electrocardiograms (ECG) were taken immediately before, in the first and in the last 6 min of the 20-min PVT, and one hour after the treatment. Of the 48 patients, the last twenty patients received sham PVT with the same protocol. Off-line analysis was blinded. We used linear mixed statistical model to compare HRV and HRA parameters. RESULTS The time domain parameters did not show any statistically significant differences between the changes in the real PVT and sham groups but, in the first stage of the treatment, Porta and Guzik indices significantly rose everywhere except in the sham group. CONCLUSION PVT significantly increases the Guzik and Porta indices in chronic ischemic heart disease patients reflecting a delicate autonomic response. HRA as a measure of autonomic regulation seems to be more sensitive than time domain parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Péter Mátrai
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Balázs Nemeth
- Harkány SPA Hospital, Harkány, Hungary; .,Department of Public Health Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Bella Ajtay
- Heart Institute, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - István Kiss
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - László Hejjel
- Heart Institute, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Shi P, Li A, Wu L, Yu H. The effect of passive lower limb training on heart rate asymmetry. Physiol Meas 2021; 43. [PMID: 34915452 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ac43c1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Heart rate asymmetry (HRA) is an approach for quantitatively assessing the uneven distribution of heart rate accelerations and decelerations for sinus rhythm. We aimed to investigate whether automatic regulation led to HRA alternation during passive lower limb training. METHODS Thirty healthy participants were recruited in this study. The protocol included a baseline (Pre-E) and three passive lower limb training trials (E1, E2 and E3) with a randomized order. Several variance-based HRA variables were established. Heart rate variability (HRV) parameters, i.e., mean RR, SDNN, RMSSD, LF (n.u.), HF (n.u.) and VLF (ms2), and HRA variables, i.e., SD1a, SD1d, SD2a, SD2d, SDNNa and SDNNd, were calculated by using 5-min RR time series, as well as the normalized HRA variables, i.e., C1a, C1d, C2a, C2d, Ca and Cd. RESULTS Our results showed that the performance of HRA was distinguished. The normalized HRA was observed with significant changes in E1, E2 and E3 compared to Pre -E. Moreover, parts of non-normalized HRA variables correlated with HRV parameters, which indicated that HRA might benefit in assessing cardiovascular modulation in passive lower limb training. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study suggested that passive training led to significant HRA alternation and the application of HRA gave us the possibility for autonomic assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Shi
- nstitute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 580 Jungong Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China, shanghai, Shanghai, 200093, CHINA
| | - Anan Li
- nstitute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, no.580 Jungong road, Yangpu district, Shanghai, China, Shanghai, Shanghai, 200093, CHINA
| | - Liang Wu
- Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 580 Jungong Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China, Shanghai, 200093, CHINA
| | - Hongliu Yu
- nstitute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 580 Jungong Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China, Shanghai, Shanghai, 200093, CHINA
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Pawłowski R, Buszko K, Newton JL, Kujawski S, Zalewski P. Heart Rate Asymmetry Analysis During Head-Up Tilt Test in Healthy Men. Front Physiol 2021; 12:657902. [PMID: 33927644 PMCID: PMC8076803 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.657902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to assess the cardiovascular system response to orthostatic stress in a group of 133 healthy men using heart rate asymmetry (HRA) methods. HRA is a feature of variability in human heart rate which is dependent upon external and internal body conditions. The initial phases of head-up tilt test (HUTT), namely, supine and tilt, were chosen as the external body affecting factors. Various calculation methods of HRA, such as Porta's index (PI), Guzik's index (GI), and its variance based components, were used to assess the heart rate variability (HRV) and its asymmetry. We compared 5-min ECG recordings from both supine and tilt phases of HUT test. Short-term HRA was observed in 54.1% of men in supine phase and 65.4% of men in tilt phase. The study revealed significant increase of GI (from 0.50 to 0.52, p < 0.001) in the tilt phase as well as significant changes in HRV descriptors between HUTT phases. Our results showed that the variability of human heart rate and its asymmetry are sensitive to orthostatic stress. The study of short-term HRA is a potential additional tool to increase sensitivity in conditions where HUTT is a diagnostic tool, such as vasovagal syncope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Pawłowski
- Department of Biostatistics and Theory of Biomedical Systems, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Buszko
- Department of Biostatistics and Theory of Biomedical Systems, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Julia L Newton
- Population Health Sciences Institute, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sławomir Kujawski
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, Ergonomics and Postgraduate Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Paweł Zalewski
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, Ergonomics and Postgraduate Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
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Béres S, Németh Á, Ajtay Z, Kiss I, Németh B, Hejjel L. Cellular Phone Irradiation of the Head Affects Heart Rate Variability Depending on Inspiration/Expiration Ratio. In Vivo 2018; 32:1145-1153. [PMID: 30150437 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mobile phones may have harmful health effects and clinical examinations report ambiguous results of exposure concerning neurophysiological and cardiovascular actions. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study investigated heart rate asymmetry (HRA) and heart rate variability (HRV) parameters with 1:2 and 1:1 metronome-paced inspiration/expiration ratios during short-term 1,800MHz GSM cellular phone exposure in 20 healthy volunteers. RESULTS Significant HRA changes by Porta and Guzik indices were not found on exposure compared to sham exposure. Time-domain HRV parameters on exposure showed significant differences at 1:1 paced, but not at 1:2 paced breathing compared to sham exposure. A mild post-exposure effect was observed regarding root mean square of successive RR-differences. CONCLUSION The findings reflect persisting acute effects of GSM handset emission on the autonomic nervous system. Exploring its influences on health status and survival needs further studies. Symmetrical breathing can be used as a sensitizing factor in other HRV/HRA analysis studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ádám Németh
- Heart Institute, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zénó Ajtay
- Heart Institute, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - István Kiss
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Balázs Németh
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Abstract
We report on two new physiological phenomena: the long-term and total heart rate asymmetry, which describe a significantly larger contribution of heart rate accelerations to long-term and total heart rate variability. In addition to the existing pair of indices, SD1(d); SD1(a); which are based on partitioning short-term variance, we introduce two other pairs of descriptors based on partitioning longterm (SD2(d); SD2(a)) and total (SDNN(d); SDNN(a)) heart rate variability. The new asymmetric descriptors are used to analyze RR intervals time series derived from the 30-min ECG recordings of 241 healthy subjects resting in supine position. It is shown that both new types of asymmetry are present in 76% of the subjects. The new phenomena reported here are real physiological findings rather than artifacts of the method since they vanish after data shuffling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslaw Piskorski
- Institute of Physics, University of Zielona Gora, Szafrana 4a, Zielona Gora, Poland.
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