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Fraley AE, Dell M, Schmalhofer M, Meoded RA, Bergande C, Groll M, Piel J. Heterocomplex structure of a polyketide synthase component involved in modular backbone halogenation. Structure 2023; 31:565-572.e4. [PMID: 36917986 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial modular polyketide synthases (PKSs) generate diverse, complex and bioactive natural products that are constructed mainly based on principles of fatty acid biosynthesis. The cytotoxic oocydin-type polyketides contain a vinyl chloride moiety introduced during polyketide chain elongation. Required for modular polyketide backbone halogenation are a non-heme iron and ɑ-ketoglutarate-dependent halogenase OocP and OocQ lacking characterized homologs. This work provides structural insights into these unusual PKS components and their interactions via a high-resolution X-ray crystallography structure of the heterocomplex. By mapping the protein-protein interactions and comparison with structures of similar halogenases, we illustrate the potential of this heterodimer complex as a replacement for the conserved homodimeric structure of homologous enzymes. The OocPQ protein pair has thus evolved as a means of stabilizing the halogenase and facilitating chemical transformations with great synthetic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Fraley
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Dell
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Schmalhofer
- Chair of Biochemistry, Center for Protein Assemblies, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 8, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Roy A Meoded
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cedric Bergande
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Groll
- Chair of Biochemistry, Center for Protein Assemblies, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 8, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jörn Piel
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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2
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Mermigka G, Michalopoulou VA, Amartolou A, Mentzelopoulou A, Astropekaki N, Sarris PF. Assassination tango: an NLR/NLR-ID immune receptors pair of rapeseed co-operates inside the nucleus to activate cell death. Plant J 2023; 113:1211-1222. [PMID: 36628462 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant immunity largely relies on intracellular nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors. Some plant NLRs carry integrated domains (IDs) that mimic authentic pathogen effector targets. We report here the identification of a genetically linked NLR-ID/NLR pair: BnRPR1 and BnRPR2 in Brassica napus. The NLR-ID carries two ID fusions and the mode of action of the pair conforms to the proposed "integrated sensor/decoy" model. The two NLRs interact and the heterocomplex localizes in the plant-cell nucleus and nucleolus. However, the BnRPRs pair does not operate through a negative regulation as it was previously reported for other NLR-IDs. Cell death is induced only upon co-expression of the two proteins and is dependent on the helper genes, EDS1 and NRG1. The nuclear localization of both proteins seems to be essential for cell death activation, while the IDs of BnRPR1 are dispensable for this purpose. In summary, we describe a new pair of NLR-IDs with interesting features in relation to its regulation and the cell death activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glykeria Mermigka
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, 70013, Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Vassiliki A Michalopoulou
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, 70013, Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Argyro Amartolou
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Crete, 714 09 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Niki Astropekaki
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Crete, 714 09 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Panagiotis F Sarris
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, 70013, Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Crete, 714 09 Heraklion, Greece
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, EX4 4QD, Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, UK
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Geem KR, Kim DH, Lee DW, Kwon Y, Lee J, Kim JH, Hwang I. Jasmonic acid-inducible TSA1 facilitates ER body formation. Plant J 2019; 97:267-280. [PMID: 30267434 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Members of the Brassicales contain an organelle, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) body, which is derived from the ER. Recent studies have shed light on the biogenesis of the ER body and its physiological role in plants. However, formation of the ER body and its physiological role are not fully understood. Here, we investigated the physiological role of TSK-associating protein 1 (TSA1), a close homolog of NAI2 that is involved in ER body formation, and provide evidence that it is involved in ER body biogenesis under wound-related stress conditions. TSA1 is N-glycosylated and localizes to the ER body as a luminal protein. TSA1 was highly induced by the plant hormone, methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Ectopic expression of TSA1:GFP induced ER body formation in root tissues of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana and in leaf tissues of Nicotiana benthamiana. TSA1 and NAI2 formed a heterocomplex and showed an additive effect on ER body formation in N. benthamiana. MeJA treatment induced ER body formation in leaf tissues of nai2 and tsa1 plants, but not nai2/tsa1 double-mutant plants. However, constitutive ER body formation was altered in young seedlings of nai2 plants but not tsa1 plants. Based on these results, we propose that TSA1 plays a critical role in MeJA-induced ER body formation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Rok Geem
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Dae Heon Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Dong Wook Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Yun Kwon
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Junho Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Dentistry, and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Korea
| | - Inhwan Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
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Liu Z, Liu G, Zhang GL, Li J, He YQ, Zhang SS, Wang Y, He WY, Cheng GH, Yang X, Xu J, Wang J. Binding of human recombinant mutant soluble ectodomain of FGFR2IIIc to c subtype of FGFRs: implications for anticancer activity. Oncotarget 2018; 7:68473-68488. [PMID: 28049184 PMCID: PMC5356568 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
FGFRs are considered essential targets for cancer therapy. We previously reported that msFGFR2c, a Ser252Trp mutant soluble ectodomain of FGFR2IIIc, inhibited tumor growth by blocking FGF signaling pathway. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is still obscure. In this study, we reported that msFGFR2c but not wild-type soluble ectodomain of FGFR2IIIc (wsFGFR2c) could selectively bind to c subtype of FGFRs in the presence of FGF-2. Thermodynamic analysis demonstrated that msFGFR2c bound to wsFGFR2c in the presence of FGF-2 with a K value of 6.61 × 105 M−1. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the mutated residue Trp252 of msFGFR2c preferred a π-π interaction with His254 of wsFGFR2c. Concomitantly, Arg255 of msFGFR2c and Glu250 of wsFGFR2c adjusted their conformations and formed three H-bonds. These two interactions therefore stabilized the final structure of wsFGFR2c and msFGFR2c heterocomplex. In FGFR2IIIc-positive/high FGF-2-secreted BT-549 cells, msFGFR2c significantly inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis by the blockage of FGF-2-activated FGFRs phosphorylation, also the growth and angiogenesis of its xenograft tumors implanted in chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane model. While weaker the above inhibitory effects of msFGFR2c were observed on FGFR2IIIc-negative/low FGF-2-secreted MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, msFGFR2c significantly inhibited the proliferation of FGFR1IIIc-positive NCI-H1299 lung cancer cells by the suppression of FGF-2-induced FGFR1 activation and suppressed the growth of NCI-H1299 transplanted tumors in nude mice. In sum, msFGFR2c is a potential anti-tumor agent targeting FGFR2c/FGFR1c-positive tumor cells. These findings also provide a molecular basis for msFGFR2c to disrupt the activation of FGF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Liu
- Institute of Biomedicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ge Liu
- Institute of Biomedicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guang-Lin Zhang
- Institute of Biomedicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jun Li
- Institute of Biomedicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yan-Qing He
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shu-Shu Zhang
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wei-Yi He
- Institute of Biomedicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guo-Hua Cheng
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ju Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Al-Khalaf HH, Nallar SC, Kalvakolanu DV, Aboussekhra A. p16 INK4A enhances the transcriptional and the apoptotic functions of p53 through DNA-dependent interaction. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:1687-1702. [PMID: 28218424 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
p16INK4A and p53 are two important tumor suppressor proteins that play essential roles during cell proliferation and aging through regulating the expression of several genes. Here, we report that p16INK4A and p53 co-regulate a plethora of transcripts. Furthermore, both proteins colocalize in the nucleus of human primary skin fibroblasts and breast luminal cells, and form a heteromer whose level increases in response to genotoxic stress as well as aging of human fibroblasts and various mouse organs. CDK4 is also present in this heteromeric complex, which is formed only in the presence of DNA both in vitro using pure recombinant proteins and in vivo. We have also shown that p16INK4A enhances the binding efficiency of p53 to its cognate sequence presents in the CDKN1A promoter in vitro, and both proteins are present at the promoters of CDKN1A and BAX in vivo. Importantly, the fourth ankyrin repeat of p16INK4A and the C-terminal domain of p53 were necessary for the physical association between these two proteins. The physiologic importance of this association was revealed by the inability of cancer-associated p16INK4A mutants to interact with p53 and to transactivate the expression of its major targets CDKN1A and BAX in the p16-defective U2OS cells expressing either wild-type or mutated p16INK4A . Furthermore, the association between p16INK4A and p53 was capital for their nuclear colocalization, the X-ray-dependent induction of p21 and Bax proteins as well as the induction of apoptosis in various types of cells. Together, these results show DNA-dependent physical interaction between p16INK4A and p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda H Al-Khalaf
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,The National Center for Genomics Research, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shreeram C Nallar
- Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Abdelilah Aboussekhra
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier González-Maeso
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, USA
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