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Hinrichsen J, Ferlay C, Reiter N, Budday S. Using dropout based active learning and surrogate models in the inverse viscoelastic parameter identification of human brain tissue. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1321298. [PMID: 38322614 PMCID: PMC10844559 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1321298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Inverse mechanical parameter identification enables the characterization of ultrasoft materials, for which it is difficult to achieve homogeneous deformation states. However, this usually involves high computational costs that are mainly determined by the complexity of the forward model. While simulation methods like finite element models can capture nearly arbitrary geometries and implement involved constitutive equations, they are also computationally expensive. Machine learning models, such as neural networks, can help mitigate this problem when they are used as surrogate models replacing the complex high fidelity models. Thereby, they serve as a reduced order model after an initial training phase, where they learn the relation of in- and outputs of the high fidelity model. The generation of the required training data is computationally expensive due to the necessary simulation runs. Here, active learning techniques enable the selection of the "most rewarding" training points in terms of estimated gained accuracy for the trained model. In this work, we present a recurrent neural network that can well approximate the output of a viscoelastic finite element simulation while significantly speeding up the evaluation times. Additionally, we use Monte-Carlo dropout based active learning to identify highly informative training data. Finally, we showcase the potential of the developed pipeline by identifying viscoelastic material parameters for human brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hinrichsen
- Institute of Continuum Mechanics and Biomechanics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carl Ferlay
- Institute of Continuum Mechanics and Biomechanics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
| | - Nina Reiter
- Institute of Continuum Mechanics and Biomechanics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Silvia Budday
- Institute of Continuum Mechanics and Biomechanics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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2
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Jang Y, Pletnikova O, Troncoso JC, Pantelyat AY, Dawson TM, Rosenthal LS, Na CH. Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics Analysis of Human Substantia Nigra From Parkinson's Disease Patients Identifies Multiple Pathways Potentially Involved in the Disease. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100452. [PMID: 36423813 PMCID: PMC9792365 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) of the brain. Despite decades of studies, the precise pathogenic mechanism of PD is still elusive. An unbiased proteomic analysis of PD patient's brain allows the identification of critical proteins and molecular pathways that lead to dopamine cell death and α-synuclein deposition and the resulting devastating clinical symptoms. In this study, we conducted an in-depth proteome analysis of human SN tissues from 15 PD patients and 15 healthy control individuals combining Orbitrap mass spectrometry with the isobaric tandem mass tag-based multiplexing technology. We identified 10,040 proteins with 1140 differentially expressed proteins in the SN of PD patients. Pathway analysis showed that the ribosome pathway was the most enriched one, followed by gamma-aminobutyric acidergic synapse, retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, cell adhesion molecules, morphine addiction, Prion disease, and PD pathways. Strikingly, the majority of the proteins enriched in the ribosome pathway were mitochondrial ribosomal proteins (mitoribosomes). The subsequent protein-protein interaction analysis and the weighted gene coexpression network analysis confirmed that the mitoribosome is the most enriched protein cluster. Furthermore, the mitoribosome was also identified in our analysis of a replication set of ten PD and nine healthy control SN tissues. This study provides potential disease pathways involved in PD and paves the way to study further the pathogenic mechanism of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yura Jang
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Olga Pletnikova
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexander Y Pantelyat
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
| | - Liana S Rosenthal
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| | - Chan Hyun Na
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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3
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Yang J, Chen IA, Chang S, Tang J, Lee B, Kılıç K, Sunil S, Wang H, Varadarajan D, Magnain C, Chen SC, Costantini I, Pavone F, Fischl B, Boas DA. Improving the characterization of ex vivo human brain optical properties using high numerical aperture optical coherence tomography by spatially constraining the confocal parameters. Neurophotonics 2020; 7:045005. [PMID: 33094126 PMCID: PMC7575831 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.7.4.045005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Significance: The optical properties of biological samples provide information about the structural characteristics of the tissue and any changes arising from pathological conditions. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has proven to be capable of extracting tissue's optical properties using a model that combines the exponential decay due to tissue scattering and the axial point spread function that arises from the confocal nature of the detection system, particularly for higher numerical aperture (NA) measurements. A weakness in estimating the optical properties is the inter-parameter cross-talk between tissue scattering and the confocal parameters defined by the Rayleigh range and the focus depth. Aim: In this study, we develop a systematic method to improve the characterization of optical properties with high-NA OCT. Approach: We developed a method that spatially parameterizes the confocal parameters in a previously established model for estimating the optical properties from the depth profiles of high-NA OCT. Results: The proposed parametrization model was first evaluated on a set of intralipid phantoms and then validated using a low-NA objective in which cross-talk from the confocal parameters is negligible. We then utilize our spatially parameterized model to characterize optical property changes introduced by a tissue index matching process using a simple immersion agent, 2,2'-thiodiethonal. Conclusions: Our approach improves the confidence of parameter estimation by reducing the degrees of freedom in the non-linear fitting model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Yang
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, United States
| | - Ichun Anderson Chen
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, United States
| | - Shuaibin Chang
- Boston University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston, United States
| | - Jianbo Tang
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, United States
| | - Blaire Lee
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, United States
| | - Kıvılcım Kılıç
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, United States
| | - Smrithi Sunil
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, United States
| | - Hui Wang
- Massachusetts General Hospital, A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston, United States
| | - Divya Varadarajan
- Massachusetts General Hospital, A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston, United States
| | - Caroline Magnain
- Massachusetts General Hospital, A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston, United States
| | - Shih-Chi Chen
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Irene Costantini
- University of Florence, European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
- National Research Council, National Institute of Optics, Italy
| | - Francesco Pavone
- University of Florence, European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Bruce Fischl
- Massachusetts General Hospital, A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston, United States
- Health Science and Technology/Computer Science & Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - David A. Boas
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, United States
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4
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Harris A, Roseborough A, Mor R, Yeung KKC, Whitehead SN. Ganglioside Detection from Formalin-Fixed Human Brain Tissue Utilizing MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2020; 31:479-487. [PMID: 31971797 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.9b00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) is used to perform mass spectrometric analysis directly on biological samples providing visual and anatomical spatial information on molecules within tissues. A current obscuration of MALDI-IMS is that it is largely performed on fresh frozen tissue, whereas clinical tissue samples stored long-term are fixed in formalin, and the fixation process is thought to cause signal suppression for lipid molecules. Studies have shown that fresh frozen tissue sections applied with an ammonium formate (AF) wash prior to matrix application in the MALDI-IMS procedure display an increase in observed signal intensity and sensitivity for lipid molecules detected within the brain while maintaining the spatial distribution of molecules throughout the tissue. In this work, we investigate the viability of formalin-fixed tissue imaging in a clinical setting by comparing MALDI data of fresh frozen and postfixed rat brain samples, along with postfixed human brain samples washed with AF to assess the capabilities of ganglioside analysis in MALDI imaging of formalin-fixed tissue. Results herein demonstrate that MALDI-IMS spectra for gangliosides, including GM1, were significantly enhanced in fresh frozen rat brain, formalin-fixed rat brain, and formalin-fixed human brain samples through the use of an AF wash. Improvements in MALDI-IMS image quality were demonstrated, and the spatial distribution of molecules was retained. Results indicate that this method will allow for the analysis of gangliosides from formalin-fixed clinical samples, which can open additional avenues for neurodegenerative disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Harris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7
- Vulnerable Brain Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1
| | - A Roseborough
- Vulnerable Brain Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1
| | - Rahul Mor
- Vulnerable Brain Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1
| | - Ken K-C Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1
| | - Shawn N Whitehead
- Vulnerable Brain Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1
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Guo LM, Wang Z, Li SP, Wang M, Yan WT, Liu FX, Wang CD, Zhang XD, Chen D, Yan J, Xiong K. RIP3/MLKL-mediated neuronal necroptosis induced by methamphetamine at 39°C. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:865-874. [PMID: 31719251 PMCID: PMC6990769 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.268902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine is one of the most prevalent drugs abused in the world. Methamphetamine abusers usually present with hyperpyrexia (39°C), hallucination and other psychiatric symptoms. However, the detailed mechanism underlying its neurotoxic action remains elusive. This study investigated the effects of methamphetamine + 39°C on primary cortical neurons from the cortex of embryonic Sprague-Dawley rats. Primary cortex neurons were exposed to 1 mM methamphetamine + 39°C. Propidium iodide staining and lactate dehydrogenase release detection showed that methamphetamine + 39°C triggered obvious necrosis-like death in cultured primary cortical neurons, which could be partially inhibited by receptor-interacting protein-1 (RIP1) inhibitor Necrostatin-1 partially. Western blot assay results showed that there were increases in the expressions of receptor-interacting protein-3 (RIP3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) in the primary cortical neurons treated with 1 mM methamphetamine + 39°C for 3 hours. After pre-treatment with RIP3 inhibitor GSK’872, propidium iodide staining and lactate dehydrogenase release detection showed that neuronal necrosis rate was significantly decreased; RIP3 and MLKL protein expression significantly decreased. Immunohistochemistry staining results also showed that the expressions of RIP3 and MLKL were up-regulated in brain specimens from humans who had died of methamphetamine abuse. Taken together, the above results suggest that methamphetamine + 39°C can induce RIP3/MLKL regulated necroptosis, thereby resulting in neurotoxicity. The study protocol was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China (approval numbers: 2017-S026 and 2017-S033) on March 7, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Min Guo
- Department of Neurobiology and Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province; Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shi-Ping Li
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Lianhua, Pingxiang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Mi Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wei-Tao Yan
- Department of Neurobiology and Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Feng-Xia Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Chu-Dong Wang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xu-Dong Zhang
- Narcotics Division, Municipal Security Bureau, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Neurobiology and Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Neurobiology and Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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6
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Ruffolo G, Cifelli P, Miranda-Lourenço C, De Felice E, Limatola C, Sebastião AM, Diógenes MJ, Aronica E, Palma E. Rare Diseases of Neurodevelopment: Maintain the Mystery or Use a Dazzling Tool for Investigation? The Case of Rett Syndrome. Neuroscience 2019; 439:146-152. [PMID: 31229630 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The investigation on neurotransmission function during normal and pathologic development is a pivotal component needed to understand the basic mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental pathologies. To study these diseases, many animal models have been generated which allowed to face the limited availability of human tissues and, as a consequence, most of the electrophysiology has been performed on these models of diseases. On the other hand, the technique of membrane microtransplantation in Xenopus oocytes allows the study of human functional neurotransmitter receptors thanks to the use of tissues from autopsies or surgeries, even in quantities that would not permit other kinds of functional studies. In this short article, we intend to underline how this technique is well-fit for the study of rare diseases by characterizing the electrophysiological properties of GABAA and AMPA receptors in Rett syndrome. For our purposes, we used both tissues from Rett syndrome patients and Mecp2-null mice, a well validated murine model of the same disease, in order to strengthen the solidity of our results through the comparison of the two. Our findings retrace previous results and, in the light of this, further argue in favor of Prof. Miledi's technique of membrane microtransplantation that proves itself a very useful tool of investigation in the field of neurophysiology. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Honoring Ricardo Miledi - outstanding neuroscientist of XX-XXI centuries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Catarina Miranda-Lourenço
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Cristina Limatola
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Ana M Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria J Diógenes
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), the Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Palma
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
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7
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Roseti C, Cifelli P, Ruffolo G, Barbieri E, Guescini M, Esposito V, Di Gennaro G, Limatola C, Giovannelli A, Aronica E, Palma E. Erythropoietin Increases GABA A Currents in Human Cortex from TLE Patients. Neuroscience 2019; 439:153-162. [PMID: 31047977 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hematopoietic growth factor that has an important role in the erythropoiesis. EPO and its receptor (EPO-R) are expressed all over in the mammalian brain. Furthermore, it has been reported that EPO may exert neuroprotective effect in animal models of brain disorders as ischemia and epilepsy. Here, we investigate whether EPO could modulate the GABA-evoked currents (IGABA) in both human epileptic and non-epileptic control brain tissues. Therefore, we transplanted in Xenopus oocytes cell membranes obtained from autoptic and surgical brain tissues (cortex) of seven temporal lope epilepsy (TLE) patients and of five control patients. Two microelectrodes voltage-clamp technique has been used to record IGABA. Moreover, qRT-PCR assay was performed in the same human tissues to quantify the relative gene expression levels of EPO/EPO-R. To further confirm experiments in oocytes, we performed additional experiments using patch-clamp recording in slices obtained from rat cerebellum. We show that exposure to EPO significantly increased the amplitude of the IGABA in all the patients analyzed. No differences in the expression of EPO and EPO-R in both TLE and control patients have been found. Notably, the increase of IGABA has been recorded also in rat cerebellar slices. Our findings show a new modulatory action of EPO on GABAA receptors (GABAA-Rs). This effect could be relevant to balance the GABAergic dysfunction in human TLE. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Honoring Ricardo Miledi - outstanding neuroscientist of XX-XXI centuries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierangelo Cifelli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ruffolo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Barbieri
- Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Michele Guescini
- Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | | | | | - Cristina Limatola
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, (IS), Italy
| | - Aldo Giovannelli
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), the Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Palma
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
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8
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Mold M, Chmielecka A, Rodriguez MRR, Thom F, Linhart C, King A, Exley C. Aluminium in Brain Tissue in Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:ijerph15081777. [PMID: 30126209 PMCID: PMC6121957 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15081777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a devastating and debilitating neurodegenerative disease of unknown cause. A consensus suggests the involvement of both genetic and environmental factors of which the latter may involve human exposure to aluminium. There are no data on the content and distribution of aluminium in human brain tissue in MS. The aluminium content of brain tissue from 14 donors with a diagnosis of MS was determined by transversely heated graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The location of aluminium in the brain tissue of two donors was investigated by aluminium-specific fluorescence microscopy. The aluminium content of brain tissue in MS was universally high with many tissues bearing concentrations in excess of 10 μg/g dry wt. (10 ppm) and some exceeding 50 ppm. There were no statistically significant relationships between brain lobes, donor age or donor gender. Aluminium-specific fluorescence successfully identified aluminium in brain tissue in both intracellular and extracellular locations. The association of aluminium with corpora amylacea suggests a role for aluminium in neurodegeneration in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Mold
- The Birchall Centre, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Agata Chmielecka
- Life Sciences, The Huxley Building, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK.
| | | | - Femia Thom
- Life Sciences, The Huxley Building, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Caroline Linhart
- Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics, Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Andrew King
- Department of Clinical Neuropathology, Kings College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK.
| | - Christopher Exley
- The Birchall Centre, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK.
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9
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Abstract
The brain is one of the most vulnerable organs inside the human body. Head accidents often appear in daily life and are easy to cause different level of brain damage inside the skull. Once the brain suffered intense locomotive impact, external injuries, falls, or other accidents, it will result in different degrees of concussion. This study employs finite element analysis to compare the dynamic characteristics between the geometric models of an assumed simple brain tissue and a brain tissue with complex cerebral sulci. It is aimed to understand the free vibration of the internal brain tissue and then to protect the brain from injury caused by external influences. Reverse engineering method is used for a Classic 5-Part Brain (C18) model produced by 3B Scientific Corporation. 3D optical scanner is employed to scan the human brain structure model with complex cerebral sulci and imported into 3D graphics software to construct a solid brain model to simulate the real complex brain tissue. Obtaining the normal mode analysis by inputting the material properties of the true human brain into finite element analysis software, and then to compare the simplified and the complex of brain models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ge Tseng
- a Department of Leisure and Sports Management , Cheng Shiu University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Bo-Wun Huang
- b Department of Mechanical Engineering , Cheng Shiu University , Kaohsiung City , Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Ou
- b Department of Mechanical Engineering , Cheng Shiu University , Kaohsiung City , Taiwan
| | - Ke-Tien Yen
- a Department of Leisure and Sports Management , Cheng Shiu University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Yi-Te Wu
- b Department of Mechanical Engineering , Cheng Shiu University , Kaohsiung City , Taiwan
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10
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Cook TJ, Hoekstra JG, Eaton DL, Zhang J. Mortalin is Expressed by Astrocytes and Decreased in the Midbrain of Parkinson's Disease Patients. Brain Pathol 2015; 26:75-81. [PMID: 26095919 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mortalin, an essential mitochondrial chaperone protein, has previously been implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide array of diseases, including neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease. Previous reports have consistently described mortalin protein levels to be lower in the brain tissue of patients with neurodegenerative disease, with expression demonstrated to be lower in neurons of post-mortem PD brain specimens. However, to date, mortalin expression has not yet been evaluated in astrocytes of post-mortem brain tissue from either normal or PD subjects. Mortalin expression was demonstrated in mouse primary astrocyte cultures by Western blot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Furthermore, confocal microscopy studies in human post-mortem tissue indicated co-localization of mortalin within astrocytes. Utilizing a quantitative immunofluorescence staining approach, the protein was found to be moderately reduced (∼35%) in this cell type in the substantia nigra pars compacta, but not structures of the corpus striatum, in PD subjects as compared to age-/gender-matched controls. These findings highlight the potential contribution of disrupted astroglial function in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis J Cook
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA
| | - Jake G Hoekstra
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - David L Eaton
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
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11
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Spagnuolo MS, Maresca B, La Marca V, Carrizzo A, Veronesi C, Cupidi C, Piccoli T, Maletta RG, Bruni AC, Abrescia P, Cigliano L. Haptoglobin interacts with apolipoprotein E and beta-amyloid and influences their crosstalk. ACS Chem Neurosci 2014; 5:837-47. [PMID: 25058565 DOI: 10.1021/cn500099f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta-amyloid accumulation in brain is a driving force for Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) represents a critical player in beta-amyloid homeostasis, but its role in disease progression is controversial. We previously reported that the acute-phase protein haptoglobin binds ApoE and impairs its function in cholesterol homeostasis. The major aims of this study were to characterize the binding of haptoglobin to beta-amyloid, and to evaluate whether haptoglobin affects ApoE binding to beta-amyloid. Haptoglobin is here reported to form a complex with beta-amyloid as shown by immunoblotting experiments with purified proteins, or by its immunoprecipitation in brain tissues from patients with Alzheimer's disease. The interaction between ApoE and beta-amyloid was previously shown to be crucial for limiting beta-amyloid neurotoxicity and for promoting its clearance. We demonstrate that haptoglobin, rather than impairing ApoE binding to beta-amyloid, promotes to a different extent the formation of the complex between beta-amyloid and ApoE2 or ApoE3 or ApoE4. Our data suggest that haptoglobin and ApoE functions in brain should be evaluated taking into account their mutual interaction with beta-amyloid. Hence, the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease might not only be linked to the different ApoE isoforms, but also rely on the level of critical ligands, such as haptoglobin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernardetta Maresca
- Dipartimento
di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, via Mezzocannone
8, 80134 Napoli, Italia
| | - Valeria La Marca
- Dipartimento
di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, via Mezzocannone
8, 80134 Napoli, Italia
| | - Albino Carrizzo
- I.R.C.C.S Neuromed,
Unità di Fisiopatologia Vascolare, via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italia
| | - Carlo Veronesi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Biomediche e Chirurgico Specialistiche, Sezione di Fisiologia
Umana, Università di Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 19, 44100 Ferrara, Italia
| | - Chiara Cupidi
- Centro Regionale
di Neurogenetica, via Perugini, ASP
Catanzaro, 88046 Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italia
| | - Tommaso Piccoli
- Dipartimento
di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche (BioNeC), Università di Palermo, via del Vespro, 90127 Palermo, Italia
| | | | - Amalia Cecilia Bruni
- Centro Regionale
di Neurogenetica, via Perugini, ASP
Catanzaro, 88046 Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italia
| | - Paolo Abrescia
- Dipartimento
di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, via Mezzocannone
8, 80134 Napoli, Italia
| | - Luisa Cigliano
- Dipartimento
di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, via Mezzocannone
8, 80134 Napoli, Italia
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12
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Brookes KJ, Hawi Z, Park J, Scott S, Gill M, Kent L. Polymorphisms of the steroid sulfatase (STS) gene are associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and influence brain tissue mRNA expression. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2010; 153B:1417-24. [PMID: 20862695 PMCID: PMC3132592 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies in animals and humans have implicated the X-chromosome STS gene in the etiology of attentional difficulties and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This family based association study has fine mapped a region of the STS gene across intron 1 and 2 previously associated with ADHD, in an extended sample of 450 ADHD probands and their parents. Significant association across this region is demonstrated individually with 7 of the 12 genotyped SNPs, as well as an allele specific haplotype of the 12 SNPs. The over transmitted risk allele of rs12861247 was also associated with reduced STS mRNA expression in normal human post-mortem frontal cortex brain tissue compared to the non-risk allele (P = 0.01). These results are consistent with the hypothesis arising from previous literature demonstrating that boys with deletions of the STS gene, and hence no STS protein are at a significantly increased risk of developing ADHD. Furthermore, this study has established the brain tissue transcript of STS, which except from adipose tissue, differs from that seen in all other tissues investigated. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- KJ Brookes
- Bute Medical School, University of St AndrewsSt Andrews, Scotland, UK
| | - Z Hawi
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's HospitalDublin, Ireland
| | - J Park
- Bute Medical School, University of St AndrewsSt Andrews, Scotland, UK
| | - S Scott
- Bute Medical School, University of St AndrewsSt Andrews, Scotland, UK
| | - M Gill
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's HospitalDublin, Ireland
| | - L Kent
- Bute Medical School, University of St AndrewsSt Andrews, Scotland, UK,*Correspondence to: L. Kent, Bute Medical School, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland KY16 9TS, UK. E-mail:
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