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Blandford SN, Fudge NJ, Moore CS. CXCL10 Is Associated with Increased Cerebrospinal Fluid Immune Cell Infiltration and Disease Duration in Multiple Sclerosis. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1204. [PMID: 37627269 PMCID: PMC10452246 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an important sampling site for putative biomarkers and contains immune cells. CXCL10 is a multiple sclerosis (MS)-relevant chemokine that is present in the injured central nervous system and recruits CXCR3+ immune cells toward injured tissues. OBJECTIVE Perform a comprehensive evaluation to determine a potential relationship between CXCL10 and various immune cell subsets in the CNS of MS and control cases. METHODS In MS and control cases, CXCL10 was measured in the CSF and plasma by ELISA. Immune cells within both the CSF and peripheral blood were quantified by flow cytometry. RESULTS Compared to non-inflammatory neurological disease (NIND) cases, MS cases had significantly higher CXCL10 in CSF (p = 0.021); CXCL10 was also correlated with total cell numbers in CSF (p = 0.04) and T cell infiltrates (CD3+, p = 0.01; CD4+, p = 0.01; CD8+, p = 0.02); expression of CXCR3 on peripheral immune cell subsets was not associated with CSF CXCL10. CONCLUSIONS Elevated levels of CXCL10 in the CSF of MS cases are associated with increased T cells but appear to be independent of peripheral CXCR3 expression. These results support the importance of elevated CXCL10 in MS and suggest the presence of an alternative mechanism of CXCL10 outside of solely influencing immune cell trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie N. Blandford
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Neva J. Fudge
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Craig S. Moore
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
- Health Sciences Centre, Room HSC4364, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John’s, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
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Tan Y, Wang Y, Souza-Moreira L, Wang C, Murray ABP, Salkhordeh M, Florian M, McIntyre L, Stewart DJ, Mei SHJ. Mesenchymal stem cells induce dynamic immunomodulation of airway and systemic immune cells in vivo but do not improve survival for mice with H1N1 virus-induced acute lung injury. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1203387. [PMID: 37362215 PMCID: PMC10285296 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1203387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Influenza A virus (IAV)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by pronounced proinflammatory activation and respiratory lung dysfunction. In this study, we performed deep immune profiling on airway and circulating immune cells to examine the effect of immunomodulation and therapeutic outcomes of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy in mice with IAV-induced ALI. Methods: Animals were inoculated intranasally with H1N1 IAV, followed by intravenous administration of vehicle, or human clinical-grade, bone marrow-derived MSCs 24-h later, and monitored for six days to evaluate the survival. In another set of animals, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and whole blood were collected three days after infection for flow or mass cytometry (CyTOF) immune profiling analysis. Results: Immune cell population and phenotypic shifts in blood were mapped by CyTOF. Increases were observed in granulocytes and myeloid-derived cells in blood from vehicle-treated animals. While MSC treatment accentuated changes in these populations, naïve B, antibody-secreting B cells, and T cells were decreased in MSC-treated animals at day 3. Compared to sham animals, IAV infection induced a significant 5.5-fold increase in BAL total cell counts, including CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, CD19+ B cells, CD11b + Ly6G + neutrophils, and CD11b + Ly6C + monocytes. MSC treatment significantly decreased BAL total cell counts in IAV-infected mice, specifically the number of infiltrating CD4+ T cells and CD11b + Ly6G + neutrophils. In contrast, there were increases in CD8+ T cells, B cells, and monocytes in the alveolar space in MSC-treated animals. Phenotypic immune cell profiling of blood and BAL revealed a significantly higher proportion of the monocyte population with the M2 phenotype (CD206) in MSC-treated animals; however, this failed to confer protective effects in the survival of infected mice or reduce viral titer in the lung. Further investigation revealed that MSCs were susceptible to IAV infection, leading to increased cell death and potentially affecting their efficacy. Conclusion: These findings provided in vivo evidence that MSCs promote the selective recruitment of immune cells to the site of infection during IAV infection, with reductions in proinflammatory phenotypes. However, MSCs offered no survival benefit in IAV-infected animals, possibly due to MSCs' H1N1 IAV susceptibility and subsequent cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tan
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Yan Wang
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Luciana Souza-Moreira
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Chi Wang
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Aidan B. P. Murray
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mahmoud Salkhordeh
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Maria Florian
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Lauralyn McIntyre
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Duncan J. Stewart
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Shirley H. J. Mei
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Kumai T, Mizukoshi E, Hashiba T, Nakagawa H, Kitahara M, Miyashita T, Mochizuki T, Goto S, Kamigaki T, Takimoto R, Yamashita T, Sakai Y, Yamashita T, Honda M, Tomita K, Kaneko S. Effect of adoptive T-cell immunotherapy on immunological parameters and prognosis in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Cytotherapy 2020; 23:137-145. [PMID: 32907781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Immunotherapy is effective for many types of cancer, but its benefits in advanced pancreatic cancer, which has a poor prognosis, are not well established. In this study, the authors examined the effects of adoptive T-cell immunotherapy (ATI) on immune cell profiles and prognosis in patients with unresectable advanced pancreatic cancer. METHODS Seventy-seven patients with unresectable advanced pancreatic cancer were treated with six cycles of αβ T cells alone or in combination with chemotherapy or chemoradiation. Immune cell profiles in peripheral blood samples obtained before and after treatment were comprehensively evaluated by flow cytometry. Furthermore, associations between changes in immune cell frequencies and prognosis were determined. RESULTS ATI prolonged survival to 18.7 months compared with previous estimates of 6.2-11.1 months for patients treated with chemotherapy alone. ATI decreased CD3+CD4+CD8- T cell frequency in peripheral blood and increased CD3+CD4-CD8+ T cell frequency. An increase in CD3+ T cells and CD3+TCRγδ- T cells in peripheral blood after treatment was associated with a good prognosis. CONCLUSIONS ATI altered the immune profile in peripheral blood, including CD3+CD4-CD8+ T cells, and improved prognosis in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Kumai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Eishiro Mizukoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shigenori Goto
- Seta Clinic Group, Department of Next-Generation Cell and Immune Therapy, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kamigaki
- Seta Clinic Group, Department of Next-Generation Cell and Immune Therapy, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rishu Takimoto
- Seta Clinic Group, Department of Next-Generation Cell and Immune Therapy, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taro Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoshio Sakai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masao Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) serves a crucial role in maintaining organismal metabolic homeostasis. Studies have demonstrated that AT is populated with a diverse array of immune cells that coordinate and regulate AT function. This adipo-immune system is highly dynamic, reflecting the physiologic state of the organism (e.g., obese, lean, aged, or young) as well as the constant physiologic remodeling of AT associated with the daily rhythms of fasting and feeding. Many of the adaptive and maladaptive functional changes of AT are regulated by changes in the quantity and quality of distinct sets of AT-resident immune cells. Here we present protocols to assess the dynamic state of the immune system within AT by constructing censuses of adipose-resident immune cells (macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, NK cells, innate lymphocytes, T cells, and B cells, etc.) based on flow cytometry, which we term adipo-immune profiles (AIPs). Constructing AIPs can be an integral part of assessment for AT health and function. This article describes the protocols to generate such AIPs. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar P Bapat
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Yuqiong Liang
- Nomis Foundation Laboratories of Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Ye Zheng
- Nomis Foundation Laboratories of Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
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