1
|
Wang Y, Li S, Liu Z, Li X, Yu Y, Liu H. Identification of PPAR-related differentially expressed genes liver hepatocellular carcinoma and construction of a prognostic model based on data analysis and molecular docking. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18304. [PMID: 38652093 PMCID: PMC11037413 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) is a significant global health issue with limited treatment options. In this study, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data were used to explore the molecular mechanisms of LIHC development and identify potential targets for therapy. The expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR)-related genes was analysed in LIHC samples, and primary cell populations, including natural killer cells, T cells, B cells, myeloid cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts and hepatocytes, were identified. Analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between normal and tumour tissues revealed significant changes in gene expression in various cell populations. PPAR activity was evaluated using the 'AUCell' R software, which indicated higher scores in the normal versus the malignant hepatocytes. Furthermore, the DEGs showed significant enrichment of pathways related to lipid and glucose metabolism, cell development, differentiation and inflammation. A prognostic model was then constructed using 8 PPARs-related genes, including FABP5, LPL, ACAA1, PPARD, FABP4, PLIN1, HMGCS2 and CYP7A1, identified using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator-Cox regression analysis, and validated in the TCGA-LIHC, ICGI-LIRI and GSE14520 datasets. Patients with low-risk scores had better prognosis in all cohorts. Based on the expression of the eight model genes, two clusters of patients were identified by ConsensusCluster analysis. We also predicted small-molecule drugs targeting the model genes, and identified perfluorohexanesulfonic acid, triflumizole and perfluorononanoic acid as potential candidates. Finally, wound healing assay confirmed that PPARD can promote the migration of liver cancer cells. Overall, our study offers novel perspectives on the molecular mechanisms of LIHC and potential areas for therapeutic intervention, which may facilitate the development of more effective treatment regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Wang
- Department of Organ Transplantation and HepatobiliaryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Shuqiang Li
- Department of General SurgeryShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Zihang Liu
- Department of General SurgeryShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Xuanzheng Li
- Department of General SurgeryShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Yifan Yu
- Department of General SurgeryShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of General SurgeryShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zeller SL, Spirollari E, Dicpinigaitis AJ, Wainwright JV, Hanft SJ, Gandhi CD, Jhanwar-Uniyal M. Brain Metastases Are Regulated by Immuno-inflammatory Signaling Pathways Governed by STAT3, MAPK and Tumor Suppressor p53 Status: Possible Therapeutic Targets. Anticancer Res 2024; 44:13-22. [PMID: 38160007 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.16783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Brain metastasis (BM) is a complex multi-step process involving various immune checkpoint proteins. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) are implicated in tumorigenesis and are critical upstream regulators of Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1), an immunotherapy target. Tumor suppressor p53, dysregulated in cancers, regulates STAT3 and ERK1/2 signaling. This study examined the roles of STAT3, MAPK and p53 status in BM initiation and maintenance. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-six BM, with various primary malignancies, were used (IRB-approved) to determine mutant p53 (p53mt), pSTAT3Tyr705, pERK1/2Thr202/Tyr204, and PD-L1 expression using immunohistochemistry. cDNA microarray was used for gene expression analysis. Brain-metastatic breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) were treated with STAT3 (NSC74859) or MAPK/ERK1/2 (U0126) inhibitors in regular or astrocytic media. ERK1/2 pathway was assessed using western blotting, and cell proliferation and migration were determined using MTT and scratch-wound assays, respectively. RESULTS pSTAT3Tyr705 and pERK1/2Thr202/Tyr204 were expressed at tumor margins, whereas p53mt and PD-L1 were uniformly expressed, with significant overlap between expression of these proteins. Gene expression analysis identified alterations in 18 p53- and 32 STAT3- or MAPK-associated genes contributing to dysregulated immune responses and cell cycle regulation. U0126 and NSC74859 reduced pERK1/2Thr202/Tyr204 expression. Cell proliferation decreased following each treatment (p≤0.01). Migration stagnated following U0126 treatment in astrocytic media (p≤0.01). CONCLUSION Activation of STAT3 and ERK1/2 promotes BM and provides compelling evidence for use of STAT3, ERK1/2 and p53 status as potential immunotherapeutic targets in BM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina L Zeller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center/New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, U.S.A
| | - Eris Spirollari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center/New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, U.S.A
| | - Alis J Dicpinigaitis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center/New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, U.S.A
| | - John V Wainwright
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center/New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, U.S.A
| | - Simon J Hanft
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center/New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, U.S.A
| | - Chirag D Gandhi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center/New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, U.S.A
| | - Meena Jhanwar-Uniyal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center/New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, U.S.A.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Emde-Rajaratnam M, Beck S, Benes V, Salwender H, Bertsch U, Scheid C, Hänel M, Weisel K, Hielscher T, Raab MS, Goldschmidt H, Jauch A, Maes K, De Bruyne E, Menu E, De Veirman K, Moreaux J, Vanderkerken K, Seckinger A, Hose D. RNA-sequencing based first choice of treatment and determination of risk in multiple myeloma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1286700. [PMID: 38035078 PMCID: PMC10684778 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1286700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immunotherapeutic targets in multiple myeloma (MM) have variable expression height and are partly expressed in subfractions of patients only. With increasing numbers of available compounds, strategies for appropriate choice of targets (combinations) are warranted. Simultaneously, risk assessment is advisable as patient's life expectancy varies between months and decades. Methods We first assess feasibility of RNA-sequencing in a multicenter trial (GMMG-MM5, n=604 patients). Next, we use a clinical routine cohort of untreated symptomatic myeloma patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation (n=535, median follow-up (FU) 64 months) to perform RNA-sequencing, gene expression profiling (GEP), and iFISH by ten-probe panel on CD138-purified malignant plasma cells. We subsequently compare target expression to plasma cell precursors, MGUS (n=59), asymptomatic (n=142) and relapsed (n=69) myeloma patients, myeloma cell lines (n=26), and between longitudinal samples (MM vs. relapsed MM). Data are validated using the independent MMRF CoMMpass-cohort (n=767, FU 31 months). Results RNA-sequencing is feasible in 90.8% of patients (GMMG-MM5). Actionable immune-oncological targets (n=19) can be divided in those expressed in all normal and >99% of MM-patients (CD38, SLAMF7, BCMA, GPRC5D, FCRH5, TACI, CD74, CD44, CD37, CD79B), those with expression loss in subfractions of MM-patients (BAFF-R [81.3%], CD19 [57.9%], CD20 [82.8%], CD22 [28.4%]), aberrantly expressed in MM (NY-ESO1/2 [12%], MUC1 [12.7%], CD30 [4.9%], mutated BRAF V600E/K [2.1%]), and resistance-conveying target-mutations e.g., against part but not all BCMA-directed treatments. Risk is assessable regarding proliferation, translated GEP- (UAMS70-, SKY92-, RS-score) and de novo (LfM-HRS) defined risk scores. LfM-HRS delineates three groups of 40%, 38%, and 22% of patients with 5-year and 12-year survival rates of 84% (49%), 67% (18%), and 32% (0%). R-ISS and RNA-sequencing identify partially overlapping patient populations, with R-ISS missing, e.g., 30% (22/72) of highly proliferative myeloma. Conclusion RNA-sequencing based assessment of risk and targets for first choice treatment is possible in clinical routine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Emde-Rajaratnam
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels & Labor für Myelomforschung, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Jette, Belgium
| | - Susanne Beck
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels & Labor für Myelomforschung, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Jette, Belgium
- Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Molekularpathologisches Zentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Benes
- Europäisches Laboratorium für Molekularbiologie, GeneCore, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans Salwender
- Asklepios Tumorzentrum Hamburg, AK Altona and St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Uta Bertsch
- Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Medizinische Klinik V, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Scheid
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mathias Hänel
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Klinikum Chemnitz GmbH, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Katja Weisel
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Hielscher
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Abteilung für Biostatistik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc S. Raab
- Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Medizinische Klinik V, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Goldschmidt
- Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Medizinische Klinik V, Heidelberg, Germany
- Nationales Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Jauch
- Universität Heidelberg, Institut für Humangenetik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ken Maes
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels & Labor für Myelomforschung, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Jette, Belgium
| | - Elke De Bruyne
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels & Labor für Myelomforschung, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Jette, Belgium
| | - Eline Menu
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels & Labor für Myelomforschung, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Jette, Belgium
| | - Kim De Veirman
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels & Labor für Myelomforschung, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Jette, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Moreaux
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR 9002 CNRS-UM, Montpellier, France
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels & Labor für Myelomforschung, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Jette, Belgium
| | - Anja Seckinger
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels & Labor für Myelomforschung, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Jette, Belgium
| | - Dirk Hose
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels & Labor für Myelomforschung, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Jette, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gliomas are the most intrinsic type of primary intracranial tumors. The protein encoded by The calponin 3 (CNN3) has been proven to be a member of the calponin family. Its relationships with cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, and colon cancer have been emphasized by several studies. Our research aims to explore the prognosis value and immunotherapeutic targetability of CNN3 in glioma patients using bioinformatics approach. METHODS CNN3 expression in glioma was analyzed based on GEO and TCGA datasets. Gene expression profiling with clinical information was employed to investigate the correlation between clinicopathological features of glioma patients and relative CNN3 expression levels. Survival analysis was conducted using Kaplan-Meier analysis and the Cox proportional-hazards regression model. Gene set enrichment analysis was conducted to select the pathways significantly enriched for CNN3 associations. Correlations between inflammatory activities, immune checkpoint molecules and CNN3 were probed by gene set variation analysis, correlograms, and correlation analysis. RESULTS CNN3 was enriched in gliomas, and high expression of CNN3 correlated with worse clinicopathological features and prognosis. Associations between CNN3 and several immune-related pathways were confirmed using a bioinformatics approach. Correlation analysis revealed that CNN3 was associated with inflammatory and immune activities, tumor microenvironment, and immune checkpoint molecules. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that high CNN3 expression levels predict poor prognosis, and CNN3 may be a promising immunotherapy target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of the Yangtze River Shipping, Wuhan, China
| | - Song-shan Chai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suizhou Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Suizhou, China
| | - Jia-jing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huang J, Chen Z, Ding C, Lin S, Wan D, Ren K. Prognostic Biomarkers and Immunotherapeutic Targets Among CXC Chemokines in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:711402. [PMID: 34497764 PMCID: PMC8419473 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.711402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer is one of the principal causes of tumor-related death worldwide. CXC chemokines, a subfamily of functional chemotactic peptides, affect the initiation of tumor cells and clinical outcomes in several human malignant tumors. However, the specific biological functions and clinical significance of CXC chemokines in pancreatic cancer have not been clarified. Methods Bioinformatics analysis tools and databases, including ONCOMINE, GEPIA2, the Human Protein Atlas, DAVID, GeneMANIA, cBioPortal, STRING, DGidb, MethSurv, TRRUST, SurvExpress, SurvivalMeth, and TIMER, were utilized to clarify the clinical significance and biological functions of CXC chemokine in pancreatic cancer. Results Except for CXCL11/12, the transcriptional levels of other CXC chemokines in PAAD tissues were significantly elevated, and the expression level of CXCL16 was the highest among these CXC chemokines. Our findings also suggested that all of the CXC chemokines were linked to tumor-immune dysfunction involving the abundance of immune cell infiltration, and the Cox proportional hazard model confirmed that dendritic and CXCL3/5/7/8/11/17 were significantly associated with the clinical outcome of PAAD patients. Furthermore, increasing expressions of CXCL5/9/10/11/17 were related to unfavorable overall survival (OS), and only CXCL17 was a prognostic factor for disease-free survival (DFS) in PAAD patients. The expression pattern and prognostic power of CXC chemokines were further validated in the independent GSE62452 dataset. For the prognostic value of single CpG of DNA methylation of CXC chemokines in patients with PAAD, we identified 3 CpGs of CXCL1, 2 CpGs of CXCL2, 2 CpGs of CXCL3, 3 CpGs of CXCL4, 10 CpGs of CXCL5, 1 CpG of CXCL6, 1 CpG of CXCL7, 3 CpGs of CXCL12, 3 CpGs of CXCL14, and 5 CpGs of CXCL17 that were significantly associated with prognosis in PAAD patients. Moreover, the prognostic value of CXC chemokine signature in PAAD was explored and tested in two independent cohort, and results indicated that the patients in the low-risk group had a better OS compared with the high-risk group. Survival analysis of the DNA methylation of CXC chemokine signature demonstrated that PAAD patients in the high-risk group had longer survival times. Conclusions These findings reveal the novel insights into CXC chemokine expression and their biological functions in the pancreatic cancers, which might serve as accurate prognostic biomarkers and suitable immunotherapeutic targets for patients with pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Huang
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhitao Chen
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenchen Ding
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengzhang Lin
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dalong Wan
- First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kuiwu Ren
- First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Fuyang People's Hospital, Fuyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yuan Q, Zhou Q, Ren J, Wang G, Yin C, Shang D, Xia S. WGCNA identification of TLR7 as a novel diagnostic biomarker, progression and prognostic indicator, and immunotherapeutic target for stomach adenocarcinoma. Cancer Med 2021; 10:4004-4016. [PMID: 33982398 PMCID: PMC8209604 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) is a malignant tumor with high histological heterogeneity. However, the potential mechanism of STAD tumorigenesis remains to be elucidated. The purpose of our research was to identify candidate genes associated with the diagnosis, progression, prognosis, and immunotherapeutic targets of STAD. Based on tumor samples from the GSE28541 dataset, weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed 16 modules related to STAD stage and grade. The salmon module emerged as the most relevant module (cor = 0.34), and functional enrichment analysis showed that the genes in the salmon were primarily related to major histocompatibility complex, immune response, and cell differentiation. Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) was recognized as the real hub gene in the salmon module. Compared to normal stomach tissues, the transcriptional and translational levels of TLR7 were significantly elevated in STAD. Receiver operating characteristic curves verified that TLR7 displayed remarkable sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of STAD. The functions of TLR7 were primarily enriched in the regulation of Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway, and innate immune response. Overexpression of TLR7 tended to indicate more advanced STAD, higher degree of STAD, and poorer prognosis of STAD. In addition, TLR7 expression was positively correlated with immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint expression. Somatic copy number alteration of TLR7 was also significantly related to immune cell infiltration. In conclusion, this study revealed the crucial role of TLR7 in STAD and provided new perspectives for the selection of biomarkers, progression and prognosis indicators, and immunotherapeutic targets for STAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qihang Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.,Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.,Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Chunlai Yin
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Dong Shang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.,Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Shilin Xia
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xu H, Chai S, Wang Y, Wang J, Xiao D, Li J, Xiong N. Molecular and clinical characterization of PARP9 in gliomas: A potential immunotherapeutic target. CNS Neurosci Ther 2020; 26:804-814. [PMID: 32678519 PMCID: PMC7366751 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma is a primary malignancy of the central nervous system (CNS). As biomedicine advances, an efficient molecular target is urgently needed for the diagnosis and treatment of glioma. Meanwhile, several studies have demonstrated that glioma development is closely related to immunity. PARP9 is an inactive mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase belonging to the poly-ADP ribosyltransferase (ARTD) family. In this article, we aimed to reveal the relationship between PARP9 and glioma and explore the potential prognostic value and immunotherapeutic targetability of PARP9 in glioma. METHODS PARP9 transcript levels were analyzed with TCGA and GEO databases. The clinicopathological information of patients with glioma in the TCGA database and gene expression profiles were analyzed to determine the relationship between the expression of PARP9 and clinicopathologic characteristics. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, univariate Cox regression analysis, and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used for survival analysis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and gene set variation analysis (GSVA) were used for bioinformatics analysis. Correlation analysis explored the relationships between PARP9, infiltrating inflammatory immune cells, and immune checkpoint molecules. RESULTS PARP9 is highly expressed in glioma, and high expression of PARP9 is associated with poor prognosis and advanced clinicopathological features. Bioinformatics analysis showed that some immune-related pathways were closely associated with high expression of PARP9. Correlation analysis indicated that PARP9 was closely related to inflammatory and immune responses, high immune cell infiltration, and immune checkpoint molecules. CONCLUSIONS PARP9 may serve as an unfavorable prognosis predictor for glioma and a potential immunotherapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Department of NeurosurgeryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Songshan Chai
- Department of NeurosurgeryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yihao Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Jiajing Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Dongdong Xiao
- Department of NeurosurgeryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Junjun Li
- Department of NeurosurgeryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Nanxiang Xiong
- Department of NeurosurgeryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| |
Collapse
|