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Garrison RR, Tobin PC. Development of Azalea Lace Bug, Stephanitis pyrioides, on Susceptible and Resistant Rhododendron species in Western Washington. J Econ Entomol 2022; 115:233-239. [PMID: 34984439 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The invasive azalea lace bug, Stephanitis pyrioides (Scott) (Tingidae: Hemiptera), is an important pest of Rhododendron (L.) (Ericales: Ericaceae). Feeding by nymphs and adults removes chlorophyll, reduces rates of photosynthesis and transpiration, and causes leaf stippling, which reduces the aesthetic value of infested plants. Rhododendron spp. are a major component of landscapes in the Pacific Northwest. Previous studies on the seasonality of S. pyrioides in North America are largely from the southeastern United States, which could have limited applicability in the Pacific Northwest. To quantify S. pyrioides seasonality in western Washington, we sampled ~200 leaves from 18 Rhododendron plants 1-2 times per wk from April to October over 2 yr, and microscopically counted the number of eggs, early instars, late instars, and adults. We developed a degree-day model for first generation S. pyrioides, which we used to estimate that S. pyrioides undergoes two full and a partial third generation in western Washington. Our model estimates 5 and 50% early instar occurrence, after hatching from overwintering eggs, at 69 and 171 accumulated degree-days from 1 January, respectively, when using a base threshold of 10.2°, which can be used to optimize the timing of management decisions. We also observed faster development and adult emergence when S. pyrioides nymphs feed on susceptible host plants relative to more resistant host plants, which may influence the timing of management decisions and potentially increase the probability of a full third generation. This research enhances our knowledge of an emerging invasive species in the Pacific Northwest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan R Garrison
- University of Washington Botanic Gardens, School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, 2300 Arboretum Drive E, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Patrick C Tobin
- University of Washington, School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, 123B Anderson Hall, 3715 W. Stevens Way NE, Seattle, WA, USA
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Belitz MW, Barve V, Doby JR, Hantak MM, Larsen EA, Li D, Oswald JA, Sewnath N, Walters M, Barve N, Earl K, Gardner N, Guralnick RP, Stucky BJ. Climate drivers of adult insect activity are conditioned by life history traits. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:2687-2699. [PMID: 34636143 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Insect phenological lability is key for determining which species will adapt under environmental change. However, little is known about when adult insect activity terminates and overall activity duration. We used community-science and museum specimen data to investigate the effects of climate and urbanisation on timing of adult insect activity for 101 species varying in life history traits. We found detritivores and species with aquatic larval stages extend activity periods most rapidly in response to increasing regional temperature. Conversely, species with subterranean larval stages have relatively constant durations regardless of regional temperature. Species extended their period of adult activity similarly in warmer conditions regardless of voltinism classification. Longer adult durations may represent a general response to warming, but voltinism data in subtropical environments are likely underreported. This effort provides a framework to address the drivers of adult insect phenology at continental scales and a basis for predicting species response to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Belitz
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Vijay Barve
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Joshua R Doby
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Maggie M Hantak
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Elise A Larsen
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Daijiang Li
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisina, USA.,Center for Computation & Technology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisina, USA
| | - Jessica A Oswald
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Biology Department, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Neeka Sewnath
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mitchell Walters
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Narayani Barve
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kamala Earl
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Nicholas Gardner
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Robert P Guralnick
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Brian J Stucky
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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