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Wang C, Gao N, Song Y, Duan S, Wang W, Cong Z, Qin C, Jiang C, Yu X, Gao F. Reduction of peak viremia by an integration-defective SIV proviral DNA vaccine in rhesus macaques. Microbiol Immunol 2019; 64:52-62. [PMID: 31544982 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
An integrase-defective SIV (idSIV) vaccine delivered by a DNA prime and viral particle boost approach can suppress viral loads (VLs) during the acute infection stage after intravenous SIVmac239 challenge. This study investigated how idSIV DNA and viral particle immunization alone contributed to the suppression of VLs in Chinese rhesus macaques after SIV challenge. Two macaques were immunized with idSIV DNA five times and two macaques were immunized with idSIV viral particles three times. Cellular and humoral immune responses were measured in the vaccinated macaques after immunization. The VLs and CD4+ T cell counts were monitored for 28 weeks after the intravenous SIVmac239 challenge. The SIV-specific T cell responses were only detected in the DNA-vaccinated macaques. However, binding and neutralizing antibodies against autologous and heterologous viruses were moderately better in macaques immunized with viral particles than in macaques immunized with DNA. After the challenge, the mean peak viremia in the DNA group was 2.3 logs lower than that in the control group, while they were similar between the viral particle immunization and control groups. Similar CD4+ T cell counts were observed among all groups. These results suggest that idSIV DNA immunization alone reduces VLs during acute infection after SIV challenge in macaques and may serve as a key component in combination with other immunogens as prophylactic vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.,The First Hospital and Institute of Immunology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Nan Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yanan Song
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Sizhu Duan
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Cong
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlai Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xianghui Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Feng Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.,Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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Wang C, Jiang C, Gao N, Zhang K, Liu D, Wang W, Cong Z, Qin C, Ganusov VV, Ferrari G, LaBranche C, Montefiori DC, Kong W, Yu X, Gao F. Immunologic and Virologic Mechanisms for Partial Protection from Intravenous Challenge by an Integration-Defective SIV Vaccine. Viruses 2017; 9:v9060135. [PMID: 28574482 PMCID: PMC5490812 DOI: 10.3390/v9060135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The suppression of viral loads and identification of selection signatures in non-human primates after challenge are indicators for effective human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) vaccines. To mimic the protective immunity elicited by attenuated SIV vaccines, we developed an integration-defective SIV (idSIV) vaccine by inactivating integrase, mutating sequence motifs critical for integration, and inserting the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter for more efficient expression in the SIVmac239 genome. Chinese rhesus macaques were immunized with idSIV DNA and idSIV particles, and the cellular and humoral immune responses were measured. After the intravenous SIVmac239 challenge, viral loads were monitored and selection signatures in viral genomes from vaccinated monkeys were identified by single genome sequencing. T cell responses, heterologous neutralization against tier-1 viruses, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) were detected in idSIV-vaccinated macaques post immunization. After challenge, the median peak viral load in the vaccine group was significantly lower than that in the control group. However, this initial viral control did not last as viral set-points were similar between vaccinated and control animals. Selection signatures were identified in Nef, Gag, and Env proteins in vaccinated and control macaques, but these signatures were different, suggesting selection pressure on viruses from vaccine-induced immunity in the vaccinated animals. Our results showed that the idSIV vaccine exerted some pressure on the virus population early during the infection but future modifications are needed in order to induce more potent immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China.
| | - Chunlai Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China.
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China.
| | - Nan Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China.
| | - Kaikai Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China.
| | - Donglai Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China.
- Division II of In Vitro Diagnostics for Infectious Diseases, Institute for In Vitro Diagnostics Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China.
- Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Zhe Cong
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China.
- Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Chuan Qin
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China.
- Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Vitaly V Ganusov
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Departments of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Celia LaBranche
- Departments of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - David C Montefiori
- Departments of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Wei Kong
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China.
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China.
| | - Xianghui Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China.
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China.
| | - Feng Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China.
- Departments of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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