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An Y, Han X, Liu Y, Azhar A, Na J, Nanjundan AK, Wang S, Yu J, Yamauchi Y. Progress in Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries and Beyond. Small 2022; 18:e2103617. [PMID: 34585510 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state polymer electrolytes (SPEs) for high electrochemical performance lithium-ion batteries have received considerable attention due to their unique characteristics; they are not prone to leakage, and they exhibit low flammability, excellent processability, good flexibility, high safety levels, and superior thermal stability. However, current SPEs are far from commercialization, mainly due to the low ionic conductivity, low Li+ transference number (tLi+ ), poor electrode/electrolyte interface contact, narrow electrochemical oxidation window, and poor long-term stability of Li metal. Recent work on improving electrochemical performance and these aspects of SPEs are summarized systematically here with a particular focus on the underlying mechanisms, and the improvement strategies are also proposed. This review could lead to a deeper consideration of the issues and solutions affecting the application of SPEs and pave a new pathway to safe, high-performance lithium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong An
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xue Han
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yuyang Liu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Alowasheeir Azhar
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project and International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Jongbeom Na
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) and School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Ashok Kumar Nanjundan
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) and School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Shengping Wang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jingxian Yu
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), School of Chemistry and Physics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project and International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) and School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
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Liu Y, Bai Y, Jaegermann W, Hausbrand R, Xu BX. Impedance Modeling of Solid-State Electrolytes: Influence of the Contacted Space Charge Layer. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:5895-5906. [PMID: 33482058 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the interfacial impedance between the solid electrolyte and the electrode is a critical issue for the design of solid-state batteries. We propose a new equivalent circuit model that treats the interface not only as a capacitor but also includes the space charge layer resistance and the resultant polarization resistance. Moreover, the elements of the circuit model are quantified by the physical quantities based on the recently proposed modified Planck-Nernst-Poisson (MPNP) model, which includes the effect of the unoccupied regular lattice sites (vacancies) in the electro-diffusion problem and takes both the ion and electron contributions into the account. We provide a new analytical solution for the space charge layer capacitance. Comparative numerical results demonstrate that our proposed model with additional polarization resistance can explain well the real impedance tail at the low-frequency region, for which the pure capacitor interface model fails. The model is verified against the experimental impedance spectra of LiPON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- Mechanics of Functional Materials Division, Department of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Straße 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Surface Science Division, Department of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Straße 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Yang Bai
- Mechanics of Functional Materials Division, Department of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Straße 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Wolfram Jaegermann
- Surface Science Division, Department of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Straße 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - René Hausbrand
- Surface Science Division, Department of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Straße 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Bai-Xiang Xu
- Mechanics of Functional Materials Division, Department of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Straße 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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Ashraf Gandomi Y, Aaron DS, Nolan ZB, Ahmadi A, Mench MM. Direct Measurement of Crossover and Interfacial Resistance of Ion-Exchange Membranes in All-Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries. Membranes (Basel) 2020; 10:E126. [PMID: 32570827 PMCID: PMC7345879 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10060126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Among various components commonly used in redox flow batteries (RFBs), the separator plays a significant role, influencing resistance to current as well as capacity decay via unintended crossover. It is well-established that the ohmic overpotential is dominated by the membrane and interfacial resistance in most aqueous RFBs. The ultimate goal of engineering membranes is to improve the ionic conductivity while keeping crossover at a minimum. One of the major issues yet to be addressed is the contribution of interfacial phenomena in the influence of ionic and water transport through the membrane. In this work, we have utilized a novel experimental system capable of measuring the ionic crossover in real-time to quantify the permeability of ionic species. Specifically, we have focused on quantifying the contributions from the interfacial resistance to ionic crossover. The trade-off between the mass and ionic transport impedance caused by the interface of the membranes has been addressed. The MacMullin number has been quantified for a series of electrolyte configurations and a correlation between the ionic conductivity of the contacting electrolyte and the Nafion® membrane has been established. The performance of individual ion-exchange membranes along with a stack of various separators have been explored. We have found that utilizing a stack of membranes is significantly beneficial in reducing the electroactive species crossover in redox flow batteries compared to a single membrane of the same fold thickness. For example, we have demonstrated that the utilization of five layers of Nafion® 211 membrane reduces the crossover by 37% while only increasing the area-specific resistance (ASR) by 15% compared to a single layer Nafion® 115 membrane. Therefore, the influence of interfacial impedance in reducing the vanadium ion crossover is substantially higher compared to a corresponding increase in ASR, indicating that mass and ohmic interfacial resistances are dissimilar. We have expanded our analysis to a combination of commercially available ion-exchange membranes and provided a design chart for membrane selection based on the application of interest (short duration/high-performance vs. long-term durability). The results of this study provide a deeper insight into the optimization of all-vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Ashraf Gandomi
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (Y.A.G.); (D.S.A.); (Z.B.N.); (A.A.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Doug S. Aaron
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (Y.A.G.); (D.S.A.); (Z.B.N.); (A.A.)
| | - Zachary B. Nolan
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (Y.A.G.); (D.S.A.); (Z.B.N.); (A.A.)
| | - Arya Ahmadi
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (Y.A.G.); (D.S.A.); (Z.B.N.); (A.A.)
| | - Matthew M. Mench
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (Y.A.G.); (D.S.A.); (Z.B.N.); (A.A.)
- Energy and Transportation Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
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Shi J, Liu G, Weng W, Cai L, Zhang Q, Wu J, Xu X, Yao X. Co 3S 4@Li 7P 3S 11 Hexagonal Platelets as Cathodes with Superior Interfacial Contact for All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:14079-14086. [PMID: 32125817 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c02085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Poor solid-solid contact between an electrode and solid electrolyte is a great challenge for all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) which results in limited ion transport and eventually leads to rapid capacity fading. Two-dimensional (2D) materials have incomparable advantage in the construction of the desired interface because of their flat surface and large specific surface area. In order to realize intimate interfacial contact and superior ion transport, monodisperse 2D Co3S4 hexagonal platelets as cathodes for all ASSLBs are synthesized through a series of topological reactions followed with in situ coating of tiny Li7P3S11 using a liquid-phase method. The unique 2D hexagonal platelets are favorable for in situ solid electrolyte coating. Moreover, the well-designed interfacial structure can make the electrode materials contact with solid electrolytes more closely, contributing to a remarkable improvement on electrochemical performance. ASSLBs employing the Co3S4@Li7P3S11 composite platelets as a cathode deliver a large reversible capacity of 685.9 mA h g-1 at 0.5 A g-1 for 50 cycles. Even at a high current density of 1 A g-1, the Co3S4@Li7P3S11 composite cathode still exhibits a high capacity of 457.3 mA h g-1 after 100 cycles. This work provides a simple strategy to design the composite electrode with intimate contact and superior ion transport via morphology controlling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Shi
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 315201 Ningbo, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, 100049 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Gaozhan Liu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 315201 Ningbo, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, 100049 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wei Weng
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 315201 Ningbo, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, 100049 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Liangting Cai
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 315201 Ningbo, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 315201 Ningbo, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, 100049 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jinghua Wu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 315201 Ningbo, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, 100049 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiong Xu
- Zhejiang Funlithium New Energy Technology Company Ltd., 315201 Ningbo, P. R. China
- Ganfeng Lithium Company Ltd., 338015 Xinyu, P. R. China
| | - Xiayin Yao
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 315201 Ningbo, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, 100049 Beijing, P. R. China
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Liu B, Gong Y, Fu K, Han X, Yao Y, Pastel G, Yang C, Xie H, Wachsman ED, Hu L. Garnet Solid Electrolyte Protected Li-Metal Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:18809-18815. [PMID: 28497951 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Garnet-type solid state electrolyte (SSE) is a promising candidate for high performance lithium (Li)-metal batteries due to its good stability and high ionic conductivity. One of the main challenges for garnet solid state batteries is the poor solid-solid contact between the garnet and electrodes, which results in high interfacial resistance, large polarizations, and low efficiencies in batteries. To address this challenge, in this work gel electrolyte is used as an interlayer between solid electrolyte and solid electrodes to improve their contact and reduce their interfacial resistance. The gel electrolyte has a soft structure, high ionic conductivity, and good wettability. Through construction of the garnet/gel interlayer/electrode structure, the interfacial resistance of the garnet significantly decreased from 6.5 × 104 to 248 Ω cm2 for the cathode and from 1.4 × 103 to 214 Ω cm2 for the Li-metal anode, successfully demonstrating a full cell with high capacity (140 mAh/g for LiFePO4 cathode) over 70 stable cycles in room temperature. This work provides a binary electrolyte consisting of gel electrolyte and solid electrolyte to address the interfacial challenge of solid electrolyte and electrodes and the demonstrated hybrid battery presents a promising future for battery development with high energy and good safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Liu
- University of Maryland Energy Research Center, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Yunhui Gong
- University of Maryland Energy Research Center, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Kun Fu
- University of Maryland Energy Research Center, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Xiaogang Han
- University of Maryland Energy Research Center, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Yonggang Yao
- University of Maryland Energy Research Center, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Glenn Pastel
- University of Maryland Energy Research Center, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Chunpeng Yang
- University of Maryland Energy Research Center, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Hua Xie
- University of Maryland Energy Research Center, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Eric D Wachsman
- University of Maryland Energy Research Center, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Liangbing Hu
- University of Maryland Energy Research Center, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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