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Noguchi S, Kajimoto T, Kumamoto T, Shingai M, Narasaki S, Urabe T, Imamura S, Harada K, Hide I, Tanaka S, Yanase Y, Nakamura SI, Tsutsumi YM, Sakai N. Features and mechanisms of propofol-induced protein kinase C (PKC) translocation and activation in living cells. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1284586. [PMID: 38026993 PMCID: PMC10662334 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1284586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: In this study, we aimed to elucidate the action mechanisms of propofol, particularly those underlying propofol-induced protein kinase C (PKC) translocation. Experimental approach: Various PKCs fused with green fluorescent protein (PKC-GFP) or other GFP-fused proteins were expressed in HeLa cells, and their propofol-induced dynamics were observed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Propofol-induced PKC activation in cells was estimated using the C kinase activity receptor (CKAR), an indicator of intracellular PKC activation. We also examined PKC translocation using isomers and derivatives of propofol to identify the crucial structural motifs involved in this process. Key results: Propofol persistently translocated PKCα conventional PKCs and PKCδ from novel PKCs (nPKCs) to the plasma membrane (PM). Propofol translocated PKCδ and PKCη of nPKCs to the Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum, respectively. Propofol also induced the nuclear translocation of PKCζ of atypical PKCs or proteins other than PKCs, such that the protein concentration inside and outside the nucleus became uniform. CKAR analysis revealed that propofol activated PKC in the PM and Golgi apparatus. Moreover, tests using isomers and derivatives of propofol predicted that the structural motifs important for the induction of PKC and nuclear translocation are different. Conclusion and implications: Propofol induced the subtype-specific intracellular translocation of PKCs and activated PKCs. Additionally, propofol induced the nuclear translocation of PKCs and other proteins, probably by altering the permeability of the nuclear envelope. Interestingly, propofol-induced PKC and nuclear translocation may occur via different mechanisms. Our findings provide insights into the action mechanisms of propofol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Noguchi
- Department of Molecular and Pharmacological Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Taketoshi Kajimoto
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takuya Kumamoto
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masashi Shingai
- Department of Molecular and Pharmacological Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Soshi Narasaki
- Department of Molecular and Pharmacological Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Urabe
- Department of Molecular and Pharmacological Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Serika Imamura
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kana Harada
- Department of Molecular and Pharmacological Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Izumi Hide
- Department of Molecular and Pharmacological Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Sigeru Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Pharmacological Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuhki Yanase
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Nakamura
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasuo M. Tsutsumi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Norio Sakai
- Department of Molecular and Pharmacological Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Lukasiak A, Zajac M. The Distribution and Role of the CFTR Protein in the Intracellular Compartments. Membranes (Basel) 2021; 11:membranes11110804. [PMID: 34832033 PMCID: PMC8618639 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11110804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is a hereditary disease that mainly affects secretory organs in humans. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding CFTR with the most common phenylalanine deletion at position 508. CFTR is an anion channel mainly conducting Cl− across the apical membranes of many different epithelial cells, the impairment of which causes dysregulation of epithelial fluid secretion and thickening of the mucus. This, in turn, leads to the dysfunction of organs such as the lungs, pancreas, kidney and liver. The CFTR protein is mainly localized in the plasma membrane; however, there is a growing body of evidence that it is also present in the intracellular organelles such as the endosomes, lysosomes, phagosomes and mitochondria. Dysfunction of the CFTR protein affects not only the ion transport across the epithelial tissues, but also has an impact on the proper functioning of the intracellular compartments. The review aims to provide a summary of the present state of knowledge regarding CFTR localization and function in intracellular compartments, the physiological role of this localization and the consequences of protein dysfunction at cellular, epithelial and organ levels. An in-depth understanding of intracellular processes involved in CFTR impairment may reveal novel opportunities in pharmacological agents of cystic fibrosis.
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