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Sangkhawasi M, Kerdpol K, Ismail A, Nutho B, Hanpiboon C, Wolschann P, Krusong K, Rungrotmongkol T, Hannongbua S. In Vitro and In Silico Study on the Molecular Encapsulation of α-Tocopherol in a Large-Ring Cyclodextrin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054425. [PMID: 36901859 PMCID: PMC10002136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
α-tocopherol is the physiologically most active form of vitamin E, with numerous biological activities, such as significant antioxidant activity, anticancer capabilities, and anti-aging properties. However, its low water solubility has limited its potential use in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. One possible strategy for addressing this issue is the use of a supramolecular complex with large-ring cyclodextrins (LR-CDs). In this study, the phase solubility of the CD26/α-tocopherol complex was investigated to assess the possible ratios between host and guest in the solution phase. Next, the host-guest association of the CD26/α-tocopherol complex at different ratios of 1:2, 1:4, 1:6, 2:1, 4:1, and 6:1 was studied by all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. At 1:2 ratio, two α-tocopherol units interact spontaneously with CD26, forming an inclusion complex, as supported by the experimental data. In the 2:1 ratio, a single α-tocopherol unit was encapsulated by two CD26 molecules. In comparison, increasing the number of α-tocopherol or CD26 molecules above two led to self-aggregation and consequently limited the solubility of α-tocopherol. The computational and experimental results indicate that a 1:2 ratio could be the most suitable stoichiometry to use in the CD26/α-tocopherol complex to improve α-tocopherol solubility and stability in inclusion complex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattanun Sangkhawasi
- Center of Excellence in Computational Chemistry (CECC), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Khanittha Kerdpol
- Center of Excellence in Computational Chemistry (CECC), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Abbas Ismail
- Center of Excellence in Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Bodee Nutho
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Chonnikan Hanpiboon
- Center of Excellence in Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Peter Wolschann
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kuakarun Krusong
- Center of Excellence in Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Thanyada Rungrotmongkol
- Center of Excellence in Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: (T.R.); (S.H.); Tel.: +66-2218-5426 (T.R.); +66-8163-61957 (S.H.)
| | - Supot Hannongbua
- Center of Excellence in Computational Chemistry (CECC), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: (T.R.); (S.H.); Tel.: +66-2218-5426 (T.R.); +66-8163-61957 (S.H.)
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