1
|
Mosina K, Wu B, Antonatos N, Luxa J, Mazánek V, Söll A, Sedmidubsky D, Klein J, Ross FM, Sofer Z. Electrochemical Intercalation and Exfoliation of CrSBr into Ferromagnetic Fibers and Nanoribbons. Small Methods 2024; 8:e2300609. [PMID: 38158388 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies dedicated to layered van der Waals crystals have attracted significant attention to magnetic atomically thin crystals offering unprecedented opportunities for applications in innovative magnetoelectric, magneto-optic, and spintronic devices. The active search for original platforms for the low-dimensional magnetism study has emphasized the entirely new magnetic properties of two dimensional (2D) semiconductor CrSBr. Herein, for the first time, the electrochemical exfoliation of bulk CrSBr in a non-aqueous environment is demonstrated. Notably, crystal cleavage governed by the structural anisotropy occurred along two directions forming atomically thin and few-layered nanoribbons. The exfoliated material possesses an orthorhombic crystalline structure and strong optical anisotropy, showing the polarization dependencies of Raman signals. The antiferromagnetism exhibited by multilayered CrSBr gives precedence to ferromagnetic ordering in the revealed CrSBr nanostructures. Furthermore, the potential application of CrSBr nanoribbons is pioneered for electrochemical photodetector fabrication and demonstrates its responsivity up to 30 µA cm-2 in the visible spectrum. Moreover, the CrSBr-based anode for lithium-ion batteries exhibited high performance and self-improving abilities. This anticipates that the results will pave the way toward the future study of CrSBr and practical applications in magneto- and optoelectronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kseniia Mosina
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Bing Wu
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Nikolas Antonatos
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Luxa
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Vlastimil Mazánek
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Aljoscha Söll
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - David Sedmidubsky
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Julian Klein
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Frances M Ross
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Zdeněk Sofer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu Y, Francisco B, Chen Z, Wang W, Zhang Y, Wan C, Han X, Chi H, Hou Y, Lodesani A, Yin G, Liu K, Cui YT, Wang KL, Moodera JS. A Van der Waals Interface Hosting Two Groups of Magnetic Skyrmions. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2110583. [PMID: 35218078 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Multiple magnetic skyrmion phases add an additional degree of freedom for skyrmion-based ultrahigh-density spin memory devices. Extending the field to 2D van der Waals magnets is a rewarding challenge, where the realizable degree of freedoms (e.g., thickness, twist angle, and electrical gating) and high skyrmion density result in intriguing new properties and enhanced functionality. In this work, a van der Waals interface, formed by two 2D ferromagnets Cr2 Ge2 Te6 and Fe3 GeTe2 with a Curie temperature of ≈65 and ≈205 K, respectively, hosting two groups of magnetic skyrmions, is reported. Two sets of topological Hall effect signals are observed below 6s0 K when Cr2 Ge2 Te6 is magnetically ordered. These two groups of skyrmions are directly imaged using magnetic force microscopy, and supported by micromagnetic simulations. Interestingly, the magnetic skyrmions persist in the heterostructure with zero applied magnetic field. The results are promising for the realization of skyrmionic devices based on van der Waals heterostructures hosting multiple skyrmion phases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wu
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory and Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Brian Francisco
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Zhijie Chen
- Department of Physics, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., 20057, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Caihua Wan
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiufeng Han
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hang Chi
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory and Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- U.S. Army CCDC Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, 20783, USA
| | - Yasen Hou
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory and Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Alessandro Lodesani
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory and Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Gen Yin
- Department of Physics, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., 20057, USA
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Physics, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., 20057, USA
| | - Yong-Tao Cui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Kang L Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jagadeesh S Moodera
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory and Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Physics Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu Y, Wang W, Pan L, Wang KL. Manipulating Exchange Bias in a Van der Waals Ferromagnet. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2105266. [PMID: 34910836 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Spintronics applications of thin-film magnets require control and design of specific magnetic properties. Exchange bias, originating from the pinning of spins in a ferromagnet by these of an antiferromagnet, is a part of the highly important elements for spintronics applications. Here, an exchange bias of ≈90 mT in a van der Waals ferromagnet encapsulated by two antiferromagnets at 5 K, the value of which is highly tunable by the field coolings, is reported. The non-antisymmetric dependence of exchange bias on field cooling is explained through considering an uncompensated interfacial magnetic layer of an antiferromagnet with a noncollinear spin texture, and a weak antiferromagnetic order in the oxidized layer, at two ferromagnet/antiferromagnet interfaces. This work opens up new routes toward designing and controlling 2D spintronic devices made of atomically thin van der Waals magnets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Lei Pan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kang L Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|