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Le KTT, Chu X, Jaeger M, Plantinga JA, Matzaraki V, Withoff S, Joosten LAB, Netea MG, Wijmenga C, Li Y, Moser J, Kumar V. Leukocyte-Released Mediators in Response to Both Bacterial and Fungal Infections Trigger IFN Pathways, Independent of IL-1 and TNF-α, in Endothelial Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2508. [PMID: 31708927 PMCID: PMC6824321 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In sepsis, dysregulated immune responses to infections cause damage to the host. Previous studies have attempted to capture pathogen-induced leukocyte responses. However, the impact of mediators released after pathogen-leukocyte interaction on endothelial cells, and how endothelial cell responses vary depending on the pathogen-type is lacking. Here, we comprehensively characterized the transcriptomic responses of human leukocytes and endothelial cells to Gram negative-bacteria, Gram positive-bacteria, and fungi. We showed that whole pathogen lysates induced strong activation of leukocytes but not endothelial cells. Interestingly, the common response of leukocytes to various pathogens converges on endothelial activation. By exposing endothelial cells to leukocyte-released mediators, we observed a strong activation of endothelial cells at both transcription and protein levels. By adding IL-1RA and TNF-α antibody in leukocyte-released mediators before exposing to endothelial cells, we identified specific roles for IL-1 and TNF-α in driving the most, but not all, endothelial activation. We also showed for the first time, activation of interferon response by endothelial cells in response to leukocyte-released mediators, independently from IL-1 and TNF-α pathways. Our study therefore, not only provides pathogen-dependent transcriptional changes in leukocytes and endothelial cells during infections, but also reveals a role for IFN, together with IL1 and TNFα signaling, in mediating leukocyte-endothelial interaction in infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieu T T Le
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Xiaojing Chu
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Martin Jaeger
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Josée A Plantinga
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Vasiliki Matzaraki
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sebo Withoff
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Immunology, K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jill Moser
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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de Souza MDGC, Cyrino FZGA, Mayall MR, Virgini-Magalhães CE, Sicuro FL, de Carvalho JJ, Verbeuren TJ, Bouskela E. Beneficial effects of the micronized purified flavonoid fraction (MPFF, Daflon® 500 mg) on microvascular damage elicited by sclerotherapy. Phlebology 2014; 31:50-6. [PMID: 25514922 DOI: 10.1177/0268355514564414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate if the micronized purified flavonoid fraction (MPFF) treatment could reduce the side effects of sclerotherapy (a procedure frequently used to treat venous disease manifestations) by minimizing the inflammatory response within the surrounding tissues. METHOD Twenty-two male New Zealand rabbits were treated by gavage with micronized purified flavonoid fraction (MPFF; 300 mg/kg/day) or vehicle (10% lactose solution) during 21 consecutive days, starting 7 days before sclerotherapy. The sclerotherapy consisted of an injection containing 5% ethanolamine oleate solution in the rabbit's dorsal ear vein. Before and after sclerotherapy, venular and arteriolar diameters, microvascular permeability, functional capillary density (FCD), number of rolling and sticking leukocytes were evaluated on ear microcirculation. Images of the sclerotherapy site were taken before and after the procedure. RESULTS Compared to placebo, MPFF treatment prevented the increase in venular diameter, preserved FCD (P < 0.001) and reduced the number of leaky sites (P < 0.001) and sticking leukocytes (P < 0.001). Imaging confirmed these effects on thrombosis and perivascular edema of the sclerosed vein, 14 days after procedure. CONCLUSION MPFF treatment limited the postsclerotherapy inflammation in surrounding microvascular network, suggesting that MPFF may prevent undesirable secondary effects of the procedure in this animal model. This study warrants further investigation for its use in clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria das Graças C de Souza
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fatima Z G A Cyrino
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Monica R Mayall
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos E Virgini-Magalhães
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando L Sicuro
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jorge José de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure and Tissue Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tony J Verbeuren
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliete Bouskela
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Iba T, Aihara K, Yamada A, Nagayama M, Tabe Y, Ohsaka A. Rivaroxaban attenuates leukocyte adhesion in the microvasculature and thrombus formation in an experimental mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thromb Res 2014; 133:276-80. [PMID: 24351208 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thrombosis is a major complication in diabetes mellitus. Since Factor Xa inhibitors are not only inhibit the coagulation system but also attenuate the leukocyte-endothelial interaction in acute inflammation models, the purpose of this study is to confirm the similar effects of rivaroxaban in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the treatment groups, either 5 or 10mg/kg of rivaroxaban dissolved in DMSO was orally given to KK-A(y) mice for 7 weeks (n=6 in each group). KK-A(y) mice fed by chow containing DMSO without rivaroxaban for 7 weeks were served for the control group (n=6). Following clamping of the mesenteric vein for 20 minutes, intravital microscopic observation of the intestinal microcirculation and the measurement of bleeding time after the needle puncture were carried-out. In another series, the calculation for blood cell counts and the measurement of blood fluidity using micro channel array flow analyzer (MC-FAN) were performed. RESULTS The initial event in the microvasculature is the leukocyte adhesion on endothelium. Then, the leukocytes make clusters and the platelets are involved in. These leukocyte-platelet conjugates aggregate and form thrombus. The leukocyte adherence and the microthrombus formation was significantly suppressed with the treatment of 10 mg/kg of rivaroxaban compared to the control group (P<0.05). While, the bleeding time was significantly extended with the treatment with 10mg/kg of rivaroxaban (P<0.01). The blood fluidity was maintained best with the treatment of 10 mg/kg rivaroxaban. CONCLUSIONS Rivaroxaban attenuates the leukocyte-platelet-endothelial interaction, which leads to the attenuation of microthrombus formation in a mouse model of diabetes mellitus.
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