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Del Rey YC, Rikvold PD, Johnsen KK, Schlafer S. A fast and reliable method for semi-automated planimetric quantification of dental plaque in clinical trials. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:331-338. [PMID: 36345833 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AIM To develop a simple and reproducible method for semi-automated planimetric quantification of dental plaque. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plaque from 20 healthy volunteers was disclosed using erythrosine, and fluorescence images of the first incisors, first premolars, and first molars were recorded after 1, 7, and 14 days of de novo plaque formation. The planimetric plaque index (PPI) was determined using a semi-automated threshold-based image segmentation algorithm and compared with manually determined PPI and the Turesky modification of the Quigley-Hein plaque index (TM-QHPI). The decrease of tooth autofluorescence in plaque-covered areas was quantified as an index of plaque thickness (TI). Data were analysed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson correlations. RESULTS The high contrast between teeth, disclosed plaque, and soft tissues in fluorescence images allowed for a fast threshold-based image segmentation. Semi-automated PPI is strongly correlated with manual planimetry (r = 0.92; p < .001) and TM-QHPI recordings (r = 0.88; p < .001), and may exhibit a higher discriminatory power than TM-QHPI due to its continuous scale. TI values corresponded to optically perceived plaque thickness, and no differences were observed over time (p > .05, ANOVA). CONCLUSIONS The proposed semi-automated planimetric analysis based on fluorescence images is a simple and efficient method for dental plaque quantification in multiple images with reduced human input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Chokyu Del Rey
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Section for Oral Ecology and Caries Control, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Pernille Dukanovic Rikvold
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Section for Oral Ecology and Caries Control, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karina Kambourakis Johnsen
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Section for Oral Ecology and Caries Control, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Schlafer
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Section for Oral Ecology and Caries Control, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Yue S, Li L, Xu W, Zhao J, Ren H, Ji D, Li P, Zhang Q, Wei L, Xie Q, Pan X, Wang Z, Sun Y, Fu P. Biological and Nonbiological Sources of Fluorescent Aerosol Particles in the Urban Atmosphere. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:7588-7597. [PMID: 35544717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Online detection of bioaerosols based on the light-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique is still challenging due to the complexity of bioaerosols and the external/internal mixing with nonbiological fluorescent compositions. Although many lab studies have measured the fluorescence properties of the biological and nonbiological materials, there is still a scarcity of knowledge of the sources of fluorescent aerosol particles (FAP) in the ambient atmosphere. Here, we fill this gap by combining the online measurement of an LIF-based instrument (wideband integrated bioaerosol sensor, WIBS, 0.8-20 μm) with the measurements of typical biological matter and the compositions related to major nonbiological FAP from May to July in the megacity Beijing. We find that fungal spores and pollen are widely observed in all types of FAP using a WIBS. Bacteria are suggested to be associated with the fine mode FAP (excitation/emission: 280 nm/310-400 nm; 0.8-3 μm). The FL-B and -BC particles (emission in 420-650 nm) contributing the most to FAP are strongly associated with humic-like substances, dust, burning and combustion emissions, and secondary organic aerosols (SOA). This study provides a guide for interpreting individual FAP measured by LIF instruments and points to the applicability of online LIF instruments to characterize nonbiological compositions including SOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyao Yue
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Linjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Weiqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hong Ren
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Dongsheng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lianfang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qiaorong Xie
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaole Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zifa Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
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Zheng Z, Di X, Wang L, Zhang W, Feng Y, Shi SQ, Garfield RE, Liu H. Evaluation of cervical maturity by cervical collagen measurement using light-induced fluorescence (LIF) during pregnancy. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520964006. [PMID: 33203273 PMCID: PMC7683917 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520964006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The study aimed to evaluate cervical ripening by measuring cervical collagen levels in non-pregnant women, women with a normal pregnancy, and postpartum women by light-induced fluorescence (LIF). Methods Cervical collagen content in normal pregnant women (n = 165) at various times of gestation was measured by LIF with a collascope, which is specifically designed to measure fluorescence of collagen. Cervical LIF in non-pregnant women (n = 12) and postpartum women (n = 14) was also detected. The demographic characteristics of women at various times were recorded. The Bishop score at 40 to 41 gestational weeks (n = 37) before the onset of labor was analyzed. Results Cervical LIF values progressively declined from the non-pregnant state to late gestation (R = −0.836) and reached their lowest levels during parturition and then increased at postpartum. LIF values and the Bishop score were significantly negatively correlated (R = −0.83). In patients with a Bishop score ≥6, the first stage of labor was shortened with a decrease in LIF values (R = 0.718). Conclusions Cervical collagen levels as measured by LIF could be a useful method for evaluating cervical maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Obstetrics, Preterm Birth Prevention and Treatment Research Unit, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodan Di
- Department of Obstetrics, Preterm Birth Prevention and Treatment Research Unit, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lele Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Preterm Birth Prevention and Treatment Research Unit, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijuan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Preterm Birth Prevention and Treatment Research Unit, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Department of Obstetrics, Preterm Birth Prevention and Treatment Research Unit, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shao-Qing Shi
- Department of Obstetrics, Preterm Birth Prevention and Treatment Research Unit, Guangzhou, China
| | - Robert E Garfield
- Department of Obstetrics, Preterm Birth Prevention and Treatment Research Unit, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huishu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Obstetrics, Preterm Birth Prevention and Treatment Research Unit, Guangzhou, China
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Abufarwa M, Noureldin A, Campbell PM, Buschang PH. Reliability and validity of FluoreCam for white-spot lesion detection: An in vitro study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [PMID: 28631885 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM In the present study, we tested the reliability and validity of a new light fluorescence device, the FluoreCam. METHODS Twenty-five human teeth were sectioned mesiodistally into halves. Group 1 (n=30) included specimens with either sound enamel or natural white-spot lesions (WSL). Group 2 (n=20) included specimens with sound enamel used to create artificial WSL. Using the FluoreCam, baseline scans of enamel surfaces were obtained under standardized conditions. Group1 was scanned again the next day. Group 2 specimens were covered with an acid-resistant nail polish, leaving a 2 × 6-mm enamel window exposed, immersed in Queiroz-solution (64 hours, 37°C/pH5 with agitation), and then scanned again. Random error of the repeated measurements (reliability) was determined using method errors and intraclass correlations (ICC). Systematic error and the ability to detect demineralization (validity) were tested using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS Method errors for Group 1 replicates were .39 mm2 (area), .72 pixels (intensity), and 5.69 pixels.mm2 (impact). Group 2 method errors were consistently slightly higher than those of group 1. FluoreCam showed highly reliable measurements for group 1 (ICC: 0.93-0.98) and group 2 (ICC: 0.87-0.97). There were no statistically-significant systematic errors for either group (P>.05). In group 2, enamel demineralization was statistically significant in area (P<.001), intensity (P=.001), and impact (P<.001). CONCLUSION FluoreCam is highly reliable and valid for in vitro assessments of enamel demineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moufida Abufarwa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Amal Noureldin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Phillip M Campbell
- Department of Orthodontics, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Peter H Buschang
- Department of Orthodontics, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
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Abufarwa M, Noureldin A, Campbell PM, Buschang PH. Comparative study of two chemical protocols for creating white spot lesions: An in vitro FluoreCam evaluation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 9. [PMID: 28544729 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness and practicality of two commonly-used protocols for white spot lesion creation. METHODS Sound posterior human teeth were sectioned into halves and randomly allocated into two groups (n=20). Using the FluoreCam system, the enamel surfaces were imaged under standardized conditions, and baseline data (area, intensity, and impact) were recorded. Specimens were covered with an acid-resistant polish, leaving a 2×6-mm enamel window. Group 1 was immersed in Queiroz solution (64 hours/37°C/pH5 with agitation); Group 2 was immersed in Buskes solution (14 days/37°C/pH5 with agitation). The specimens then were imaged again. Within-group changes that occurred over time were evaluated using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Between-group differences were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test. Polarized light microscopy (PLM) was used to calculate the mean lesion depth of representative specimens. RESULTS Each protocol showed significant changes in the surface area, intensity and impact of demineralization over time (P<.05). There were no statistically-significant differences (P=.53, P=.2, P=.74) between the two groups. PLM showed that the mean lesion depths of representative specimens were 51.4 and 73.0 μm for groups 1 and 2, respectively. CONCLUSIONS While both protocols produce similar amounts of demineralization, the Queiroz solution is more practical, as it requires less time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moufida Abufarwa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Amal Noureldin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Phillip M Campbell
- Department of Orthodontics, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Peter H Buschang
- Department of Orthodontics, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
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Puiu A, Fiorani L, Menicucci I, Pistilli M, Lai A. Submersible Spectrofluorometer for Real-Time Sensing of Water Quality. Sensors (Basel) 2015; 15:14415-34. [PMID: 26094628 DOI: 10.3390/s150614415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we present a newly developed submersible spectrofluorometer (patent pending) applied to real-time sensing of water quality, suitable for monitoring some important indicators of the ecological status of natural waters such as chlorophyll-a, oil and protein-like material. For the optomechanical realization of the apparatus, a novel conceptual design has been adopted in order to avoid filters and pumps while maintaining a high signal-to-noise ratio. The elimination of filters and pumps has the advantage of greater system simplicity and especially of avoiding the risk of sample degradation. The use of light-emitting diodes as an excitation source instead of Xe lamps or laser diodes helped save on size, weight, power consumption and costs. For sensor calibration we performed measurements on water samples with added chlorophyll prepared in the laboratory. The sensor functionality was tested during field campaigns conducted at Albano Lake in Latium Region of Italy as well as in the Herzliya Harbor, a few kilometers North East of Tel Aviv in Israel. The obtained results are reported in the paper. The sensitivity achieved for chlorophyll-a detection was found to be at least 0.2 µg/L.
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