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Park S, Kim M, Lee JW. Optimizing Nucleic Acid Delivery Systems through Barcode Technology. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:1006-1018. [PMID: 38526308 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Conventional biological experiments often focus on in vitro assays because of the inherent limitations when handling multiple variables in vivo, including labor-intensive and time-consuming procedures. Often only a subset of samples demonstrating significant efficacy in the in vitro assays can be evaluated in vivo. Nonetheless, because of the low correlation between the in vitro and in vivo tests, evaluation of the variables under examination in vivo and not solely in vitro is critical. An emerging approach to achieve high-throughput in vivo tests involves using a barcode system consisting of various nucleotide combinations. Unique barcodes for each variant enable the simultaneous testing of multiple entities, eliminating the need for separate individual tests. Subsequently, to identify crucial parameters, samples were collected and analyzed using barcode sequencing. This review explores the development of barcode design and its applications, including the evaluation of nucleic acid delivery systems and the optimization of gene expression in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soan Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 CheongamRo, Gyeongbuk, 37673 NamGu, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Mibang Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 CheongamRo, Gyeongbuk, 37673 NamGu, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Wook Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 CheongamRo, Gyeongbuk, 37673 NamGu, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 CheongamRo, Gyeongbuk, 37673 NamGu, Pohang, Republic of Korea
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2
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Snoeck J, Chiers K, Tam Y, Sanders NN, Garmyn A. Evaluation of a self-amplifying mRNA reporter vaccine in explant models of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103078. [PMID: 37801866 PMCID: PMC10562763 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to minimize animal loss and economical loss, industrial poultry is heavily vaccinated against infectious agents. mRNA vaccination is an effective vaccination platform, yet little to no comprehensive, comparative studies in avians can be found. Nevertheless, poultry mRNA vaccination could prove to be very interesting due to the relatively low production cost, especially true when using self-amplifying mRNA (saRNA), and their extreme adaptability to new pathogens. The latter could be particularly useful when new pathogens join the stage or new variants arise. As a first step toward the investigation of saRNA vaccines in poultry, this study evaluates a luciferase-encoding saRNA in avian tracheal explants, conjunctival explants, primary chicken cecal cells and 18-day embryonated eggs. Naked saRNA in combination with RNase inhibitor and 2 different lipid-based formulations, that is, ionizable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) and Lipofectamine Messenger Max, were evaluated. The saRNA-LNP formulation led to the highest bioluminescent signal in the tracheal explants, conjunctival explants and cecal cell cultures. A dose-response experiment with these saRNA-LNPs (33-900 ng/well) in these avian organoids and cells showed a nonlinear dose-response relationship. After in ovo administration, the highest dose of the saRNA-LNPs (5 µg) resulted in a visual expression as a weak bioluminescence signal could be seen. The other delivery approaches did not lead to a visual saRNA expression in the embryos. In conclusion, effective entry of saRNA encapsulated in LNPs followed by successful saRNA translation in poultry was established. Hence, mRNA vaccination in poultry could be possible, but further in vivo testing is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Snoeck
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Koen Chiers
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ying Tam
- Acuitas Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Niek N Sanders
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - An Garmyn
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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3
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Gurba-Bryśkiewicz L, Maruszak W, Smuga DA, Dubiel K, Wieczorek M. Quality by Design (QbD) and Design of Experiments (DOE) as a Strategy for Tuning Lipid Nanoparticle Formulations for RNA Delivery. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2752. [PMID: 37893125 PMCID: PMC10604315 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The successful development of nonviral delivery systems for nucleic acids has been reported extensively over the past years. Increasingly employed to improve the delivery efficiency and therapeutic efficacy of RNA are lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). Many of the various critical formulation parameters can affect the quality attributes and effectiveness of these nano-formulations. Therefore, the systematic drug development approach (QbD) and multivariate design and statistical analysis (DOE) can be very helpful and recommended for the optimization of the composition and production of RNA-LNPs. This review addresses the concepts and applications of QbD and/or DOE for the development of lipid nanoparticles for the delivery of different types of RNA, reporting examples published in the ten recent years presenting the latest trends and regulatory requirements as well as the modern mathematical and statistical design methods. As the topic explored in this review is a novel approach, the full QbD has been described in only a few papers, and a few refer only to some aspects of QbD. In contrast, the DOE approach has been used in most of the optimization works. Different approaches and innovations in DOE have been observed. Traditional statistical tests and modeling (ANOVA, regression analysis) are slowly being replaced by artificial intelligence and machine learning methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Gurba-Bryśkiewicz
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Marymoncka 15, 05-152 Kazuń Nowy, Poland; (W.M.); (D.A.S.); (K.D.); (M.W.)
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4
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Du X, Yada E, Terai Y, Takahashi T, Nakanishi H, Tanaka H, Akita H, Itaka K. Comprehensive Evaluation of Lipid Nanoparticles and Polyplex Nanomicelles for Muscle-Targeted mRNA Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2291. [PMID: 37765260 PMCID: PMC10536695 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing significance of messenger RNA (mRNA) therapeutics in diverse medical applications, such as cancer, infectious diseases, and genetic disorders, highlighted the need for efficient and safe delivery systems. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have shown great promise for mRNA delivery, but challenges such as toxicity and immunogenicity still remain to be addressed. In this study, we aimed to compare the performance of polyplex nanomicelles, our original cationic polymer-based carrier, and LNPs in various aspects, including delivery efficiency, organ toxicity, muscle damage, immune reaction, and pain. Our results showed that nanomicelles (PEG-PAsp(DET)) and LNPs (SM-102) exhibited distinct characteristics, with the former demonstrating relatively sustained protein production and reduced inflammation, making them suitable for therapeutic purposes. On the other hand, LNPs displayed desirable properties for vaccines, such as rapid mRNA expression and potent immune response. Taken together, these results suggest the different potentials of nanomicelles and LNPs, supporting further optimization of mRNA delivery systems tailored for specific purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Du
- Department of Biofunction Research, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Erica Yada
- Department of Biofunction Research, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
- NANO MRNA, Co., Ltd. Tokyo 104-0031, Japan
| | - Yuki Terai
- Department of Biofunction Research, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Takuya Takahashi
- Department of Biofunction Research, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Nakanishi
- Department of Biofunction Research, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Akita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Keiji Itaka
- Department of Biofunction Research, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
- Clinical Biotechnology Team, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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5
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Maharjan R, Hada S, Eun Lee J, Han HK, Hyun Kim K, Jin Seo H, Foged C, Hoon Jeong S. Comparative study of lipid nanoparticle-based mRNA vaccine bioprocess with machine learning and combinatorial artificial neural network-design of experiment approach. Int J Pharm 2023; 640:123012. [PMID: 37142140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
To develop a combinatorial artificial-neural-network design-of-experiment (ANN-DOE) model, the effect of ionizable lipid, an ionizable lipid-to-cholesterol ratio, N/P ratio, flow rate ratio (FRR), and total flow rate (TFR) on the outcome responses of mRNA-LNP vaccine were evaluated using a definitive screening design (DSD) and machine learning (ML) algorithms. Particle size (PS), PDI, zeta potential (ZP), and encapsulation efficiency (EE) of mRNA-LNP were optimized within a defined constraint (PS 40-100 nm, PDI≤0.30, ZP≥(±)0.30 mV, EE≥70%), fed to ML algorithms (XGBoost, bootstrap forest, support vector machines, k-nearest neighbors, generalized regression-Lasso, ANN) and prediction was compared to ANN-DOE model. Increased FRR decreased the PS and increased ZP, while increased TFR increased PDI and ZP. Similarly, DOTAP and DOTMA produced higher ZP and EE. Particularly, a cationic ionizable lipid with an N/P ratio ≥6 provided a higher EE. ANN showed better predictive ability (R2=0.7269-0.9946), while XGBoost demonstrated better RASE (0.2833-2.9817). The ANN-DOE model outperformed both optimized ML models by R2=1.21% and RASE=43.51% (PS prediction), R2=0.23% and RASE=3.47% (PDI prediction), R2=5.73% and RASE=27.95% (ZP prediction), and R2=0.87% and RASE=36.95% (EE prediction), respectively, which demonstrated that ANN-DOE model was superior in predicting the bioprocess compared to independent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Maharjan
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Shavron Hada
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyo-Kyung Han
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye Jin Seo
- CKD Pharm Corp., Hyo-Jong Research Institute, Gyeonggi 16995, Republic of Korea.
| | - Camilla Foged
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Seong Hoon Jeong
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea.
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Kloczewiak M, Banks JM, Jin L, Brader ML. A Biopharmaceutical Perspective on Higher-Order Structure and Thermal Stability of mRNA Vaccines. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:2022-2031. [PMID: 35715255 PMCID: PMC9257798 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Preservation of the integrity of macromolecular higher-order structure is a tenet central to achieving biologic drug and vaccine product stability toward manufacturing, distribution, storage, handling, and administration. Given that mRNA lipid nanoparticles (mRNA-LNPs) are held together by an intricate ensemble of weak forces, there are some intriguing parallels to biologic drugs, at least at first glance. However, mRNA vaccines are not without unique formulation and stabilization challenges derived from the instability of unmodified mRNA and its limited history as a drug or vaccine. Since certain learning gained from biologic drug development may be applicable for the improvement of mRNA vaccines, we present a perspective on parallels and contrasts between the emerging role of higher-order structure pertaining to mRNA-LNPs compared to pharmaceutical proteins. In a recent publication, the location of mRNA encapsulated within lipid nanoparticles was identified, revealing new insights into the LNP structure, nanoheterogeneity, and microenvironment of the encapsulated mRNA molecules [Brader et al. Biophys. J. 2021, 120, 2766]. We extend those findings by considering the effect of encapsulation on mRNA thermal unfolding with the observation that encapsulation in LNPs increases mRNA unfolding temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Kloczewiak
- Moderna, Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jessica M. Banks
- Moderna, Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Lin Jin
- Moderna, Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mark L. Brader
- Moderna, Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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7
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Luan N, Cao H, Wang Y, Cunbao Liu KL. LNP-CpG ODN-adjuvanted varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein E induced comparable levels of immunity with Shingrix TM in VZV-primed mice. Virol Sin 2022; 37:731-739. [PMID: 35671982 PMCID: PMC9167804 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Latent varicella-zoster virus (VZV) may be reactivated to cause herpes zoster, which affects one in three people during their lifetime. The currently available subunit vaccine ShingrixTM is superior to the attenuated vaccine Zostavax® in terms of both safety and efficacy, but the supply of its key adjuvant component QS21 is limited. With Ionizable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) that were recently approved by the FDA for COVID-19 mRNA vaccines as carriers, and oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs (CpG ODNs) approved by the FDA for a subunit hepatitis B vaccine as immunostimulators, we developed a LNP vaccine encapsulating VZV-glycoprotein E (gE) and CpG ODN, and compared its immunogenicity with ShingrixTM in C57BL/6J mice. The results showed that the LNP vaccine induced comparable levels of gE-specific IgG antibodies to ShingrixTM as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Most importantly, the LNP vaccine induced comparable levels of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) that plays decisive roles in the efficacy of zoster vaccines to ShingrixTM in a VZV-primed mouse model that was adopted for preclinical studies of ShingrixTM. Number of IL-2 and IFN-γ secreting splenocytes and proportion of T helper 1 (Th1) cytokine-expressing CD4+ T cells in LNP-CpG-adjuvanted VZV-gE vaccinated mice were similar to that of ShingrixTM boosted mice. All of the components in this LNP vaccine can be artificially and economically synthesized in large quantities, indicating the potential of LNP-CpG-adjuvanted VZV-gE as a more cost-effective zoster vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Luan
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Han Cao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Kangyang Lin Cunbao Liu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China.
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8
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Ly HH, Daniel S, Soriano SKV, Kis Z, Blakney AK. Optimization of Lipid Nanoparticles for saRNA Expression and Cellular Activation Using a Design-of-Experiment Approach. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:1892-1905. [PMID: 35604765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are the leading technology for RNA delivery, given the success of the Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 mRNA (mRNA) vaccines, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) therapies (patisiran). However, optimization of LNP process parameters and compositions for larger RNA payloads such as self-amplifying RNA (saRNA), which can have complex secondary structures, have not been carried out. Furthermore, the interactions between process parameters, critical quality attributes (CQAs), and function, such as protein expression and cellular activation, are not well understood. Here, we used two iterations of design of experiments (DoE) (definitive screening design and Box-Behnken design) to optimize saRNA formulations using the leading, FDA-approved ionizable lipids (MC3, ALC-0315, and SM-102). We observed that PEG is required to preserve the CQAs and that saRNA is more challenging to encapsulate and preserve than mRNA. We identified three formulations to minimize cellular activation, maximize cellular activation, or meet a CQA profile while maximizing protein expression. The significant parameters and design of the response surface modeling and multiple response optimization may be useful for designing formulations for a range of applications, such as vaccines or protein replacement therapies, for larger RNA cargoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Han Ly
- Michael Smith Laboratories, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Simon Daniel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, United Kingdom
| | - Shekinah K V Soriano
- Michael Smith Laboratories, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Zoltán Kis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Anna K Blakney
- Michael Smith Laboratories, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Noor NM, Umar S, Abdul-Aziz A, Sheikh K, Somavarapu S. Engineered Dutasteride-Lipid Based Nanoparticle (DST-LNP) System Using Oleic and Stearic Acid for Topical Delivery. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9010011. [PMID: 35049720 PMCID: PMC8773293 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Male pattern baldness (MPB) is a common condition that has a negative impact on the psycho-social health of many men. This study aims to engineer an alcohol-free formulation to cater for individuals who may have had allergic reactions to alcohol-based preparations. A lipid-based nanoparticle system composed of stearic and oleic acid (solid and liquid lipid) was used to deliver dutasteride (DST) for topical application. Two compositions, with oleic acid (Formulation A) and without (Formulation B), were compared to analyse the role of oleic acid as a potential active ingredient in addition to DST. DST-loaded LNP were prepared using the emulsification–ultrasonication method. All of the prepared formulations were spherical in shape in the nanometric size range (150–300 nm), with entrapment efficiencies of >75%. X-ray diffractograms revealed that DST exists in an amorphous form within the NLP matrices. The drug release behaviour from both LNP preparations displayed slow release of DST. Permeation studies through pig ear skin demonstrated that DST-LNP with oleic acid produced significantly lower permeation into the dermis compared to the formulation without oleic acid. These results suggest that the proposed formulation presents several characteristics which are novel, indicating its suitability for the dermal delivery of anti-androgenic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norhayati Mohamed Noor
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (S.U.); (K.S.)
- Cosmeceutical & Fragrance Laboratory, Institute of Bioproduct Development (N22), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (N.M.N.); (S.S.)
| | - Sana Umar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (S.U.); (K.S.)
| | - Azila Abdul-Aziz
- Cosmeceutical & Fragrance Laboratory, Institute of Bioproduct Development (N22), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia;
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia
| | - Khalid Sheikh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (S.U.); (K.S.)
| | - Satyanarayana Somavarapu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (S.U.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence: (N.M.N.); (S.S.)
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10
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Ross-Thriepland D, Bornot A, Butler L, Desai A, Jaiswal H, Peel S, Hunter MR, Odunze U, Isherwood B, Gianni D. Arrayed CRISPR Screening Identifies Novel Targets That Enhance the Productive Delivery of mRNA by MC3-Based Lipid Nanoparticles. SLAS Discov 2020; 25:605-617. [PMID: 32441189 PMCID: PMC7309353 DOI: 10.1177/2472555220925770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Modified messenger RNAs (mRNAs) hold great potential as therapeutics by using the body’s own processes for protein production. However, a key challenge is efficient delivery of therapeutic mRNA to the cell cytosol and productive protein translation. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are the most clinically advanced system for nucleic acid delivery; however, a relatively narrow therapeutic index makes them unsuitable for many therapeutic applications. A key obstacle to the development of more potent LNPs is a limited mechanistic understanding of the interaction of LNPs with cells. To address this gap, we performed an arrayed CRISPR screen to identify novel pathways important for the functional delivery of MC3 lipid-based LNP encapsulated mRNA (LNP-mRNA). Here, we have developed and validated a robust, high-throughput screening–friendly phenotypic assay to identify novel targets that modulate productive LNP-mRNA delivery. We screened the druggable genome (7795 genes) and validated 44 genes that either increased (37 genes) or inhibited (14 genes) the productive delivery of LNP-mRNA. Many of these genes clustered into families involved with host cell transcription, protein ubiquitination, and intracellular trafficking. We show that both UDP-glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase and V-type proton ATPase can significantly modulate the productive delivery of LNP-mRNA, increasing and decreasing, respectively, with both genetic perturbation and by small-molecule inhibition. Taken together, these findings shed new light into the molecular machinery regulating the delivery of LNPs into cells and improve our mechanistic understanding of the cellular processes modulating the interaction of LNPs with cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aurelie Bornot
- Quantitative Biology, Discovery Science, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Larissa Butler
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Science, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Arpan Desai
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Science, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Himjyot Jaiswal
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Science, R&D, AstraZeneca, Molndal, Sweden
| | - Samantha Peel
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Science, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Morag Rose Hunter
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Science, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Uchechukwu Odunze
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Science, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Davide Gianni
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Science, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
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Abstract
The novel class of compounds represented by lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated siRNA formulations has an enormous potential to target disease, notably of the liver. Endocytosis of LNPs is believed to be mediated by APOE, an important serum protein of lipoprotein homeostasis. APOE polymorphisms affect binding to hepatic receptors and have been associated with development of specific disease. Here, the role of APOE was investigated with regard to the efficacy of Patisiran, the first LNP-siRNA recently approved for clinical use in patients having transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR amyloidosis). Patisiran was evaluated in the human hepatoma cell line HepG2 after knockdown of APOE. The APOE genotype was determined in ATTR amyloidosis patients treated with Patisiran. TTR knockdown was monitored in consecutive plasma up to week 12. Downregulation of APOE suppressed efficacy of Patisiran in HepG2 cells. TTR levels were found to be robustly reduced (84.7% ± 1%) following Patisiran treatment in patients plasma. Analysis of APOE polymorphisms in ATTR amyloidosis patients revealed three most frequent genotypes E3/3, E3/4 and E3/2. APOE stratification of patients did not show significant differences of TTR plasma concentrations following treatment. Our results suggest that APOE is an important mediator of TTR silencing by Patisiran, however efficacy is independent of the APOE genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Niemietz
- Medizinische Klinik B für Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Oksana Nadzemova
- Medizinische Klinik B für Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andree Zibert
- Medizinische Klinik B für Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hartmut H-J Schmidt
- Medizinische Klinik B für Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
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Witzigmann D, Kulkarni JA, Leung J, Chen S, Cullis PR, van der Meel R. Lipid nanoparticle technology for therapeutic gene regulation in the liver. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:344-363. [PMID: 32622021 PMCID: PMC7329694 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary genetic disorders, cancer, and infectious diseases of the liver affect millions of people around the globe and are a major public health burden. Most contemporary treatments offer limited relief as they generally aim to alleviate disease symptoms. Targeting the root cause of diseases originating in the liver by regulating malfunctioning genes with nucleic acid-based drugs holds great promise as a therapeutic approach. However, employing nucleic acid therapeutics in vivo is challenging due to their unfavorable characteristics. Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery technology is a revolutionary development that has enabled clinical translation of gene therapies. LNPs can deliver siRNA, mRNA, DNA, or gene-editing complexes, providing opportunities to treat hepatic diseases by silencing pathogenic genes, expressing therapeutic proteins, or correcting genetic defects. Here we discuss the state-of-the-art LNP technology for hepatic gene therapy including formulation design parameters, production methods, preclinical development and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Witzigmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,NanoMedicines Innovation Network (NMIN), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jayesh A. Kulkarni
- NanoMedicines Innovation Network (NMIN), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Medical Genetics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Evonik Canada, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jerry Leung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sam Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Integrated Nanotherapeutics, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pieter R. Cullis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,NanoMedicines Innovation Network (NMIN), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Corresponding author
| | - Roy van der Meel
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Gene therapy is an exciting field that has the potential to address emerging scientific and therapeutic tasks. RNA-based gene therapy has made remarkable progress in recent decades. Nevertheless, efficient targeted delivery of RNA therapeutics is still a prerequisite for entering the clinics. In this review, we introduce current delivery methods for RNA gene therapeutics based on lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). We focus on the clinical appeal of recent RNA NPs and discuss existing challenges of fabrication and screening LNP candidates for effective translation into drugs of human metabolic diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Henry Moss
- DTU Health Technology , 202 Kemitorvet , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Petya Popova
- DTU Chemistry , 206-207 Kemitorvet , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Sine R Hadrup
- DTU Health Technology , 202 Kemitorvet , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Kira Astakhova
- DTU Chemistry , 206-207 Kemitorvet , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Maria Taskova
- DTU Chemistry , 206-207 Kemitorvet , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
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14
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Dhanasekaran R, Gabay-Ryan M, Baylot V, Lai I, Mosley A, Huang X, Zabludoff S, Li J, Kaimal V, Karmali P, Felsher DW. Anti-miR-17 therapy delays tumorigenesis in MYC-driven hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Oncotarget 2017; 9:5517-5528. [PMID: 29464015 PMCID: PMC5814155 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a significant clinical challenge with few therapeutic options. Genomic amplification and/or overexpression of the MYC oncogene is a common molecular event in HCC, thus making it an attractive target for drug therapy. Unfortunately, currently there are no direct drug therapies against MYC. As an alternative strategy, microRNAs regulated by MYC may be downstream targets for therapeutic blockade. MiR-17 family is a microRNA family transcriptionally regulated by MYC and it is commonly overexpressed in human HCCs. In this study, we performed systemic delivery of a novel lipid nanoparticle (LNP) encapsulating an anti-miR-17 oligonucleotide in a conditional transgenic mouse model of MYC driven HCC. Treatment with anti-miR-17 in vivo, but not with a control anti-miRNA, resulted in significant de-repression of direct targets of miR-17, robust apoptosis, decreased proliferation and led to delayed tumorigenesis in MYC-driven HCCs. Global gene expression profiling revealed engagement of miR-17 target genes and inhibition of key transcriptional programs of MYC, including cell cycle progression and proliferation. Hence, anti-miR-17 is an effective therapy for MYC-driven HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renumathy Dhanasekaran
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Division of Oncology, Department Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Meital Gabay-Ryan
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Division of Oncology, Department Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Virginie Baylot
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Division of Oncology, Department Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ian Lai
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Division of Oncology, Department Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Adriane Mosley
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Division of Oncology, Department Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Jian Li
- Regulus Therapeutics, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Dean W Felsher
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Division of Oncology, Department Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Luo F, Zheng L, Hu Y, Liu S, Wang Y, Xiong Z, Hu X, Tan F. Induction of Protective Immunity against Toxoplasma gondii in Mice by Nucleoside Triphosphate Hydrolase-II (NTPase-II) Self-amplifying RNA Vaccine Encapsulated in Lipid Nanoparticle (LNP). Front Microbiol 2017; 8:605. [PMID: 28424680 PMCID: PMC5380742 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA-based vaccine represents an irresistible and safe immunization strategy with decreasing theoretical risks of genomic integration and malignant cell transformation. To our knowledge, however, there is no report about development of RNA vaccine against Toxoplasma gondii infection. We have previously demonstrated that the recombinant T. gondii nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase-II (NTPase-II) protein is able to provide protective Th1 cell-mediated immunity against T. gondii. Herein, we evaluated the immunogenic potential of a self-amplifying RNA vaccine-encoding T. gondii NTPase-II gene, RREP-NTPase-II, delivered by a synthetic lipid nanoparticle (LNP). Immunization of mice with naked RREP-NTPase-II induced a strong cellular and humoral immune response with high-IgG antibody titers and IFN-γ production. The immunized mice displayed significantly prolonged survival time and reduction in brain parasite load (46.4%) compared with control group. Furthermore, mice vaccinated with RREP-NTPase-II-encapsulated LNP displayed significantly enhanced protection against acute infection as well as chronic infection with PRU cyst, which shows 62.1% reduction in brain cyst burden in comparison to control group. These results suggest that the combination of self-amplifying RNA and LNP ion would be beneficial to the development of a safe and long-acting vaccine against toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjun Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhuji People's HospitalZhuji, China
| | - Lina Zheng
- Institute of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, China
| | - Shuxian Liu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, China
| | - Zhongkui Xiong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shaoxing Second HospitalShaoxing, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Basic Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Laboratory Science and School of Life Science, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, China
| | - Feng Tan
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, China
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