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Lin L, Yan J, Sun J, Zhang J, Liao B. Screening and evaluation of metabolites binding PRAS40 from Erxian decoction used to treat spinal cord injury. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1339956. [PMID: 38318139 PMCID: PMC10839085 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1339956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: The PRAS40 is an essential inhibitory subunit of the mTORC1 complex, which regulates autophagy. It has been suggested that Erxian Decoction (EXD) could treat spinal cord injury (SCI) via the autophagy pathway. However, the mechanism of whether EXD acts through PRAS40 remains unclear. Methods: With the help of immobilized PRAS40, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and molecular docking, the bioactive metabolites in the EXD were screened. To establish in vitro SCI models, PC12 cells were exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and then treated with the identified EXD substances. Furthermore, Western blot assay was carried out to identify potential molecular mechanisms involved. For assessing the effect of metabolites in vivo, the SCI model rats were first pretreated with or without the metabolite and then subjected to the immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining, Basso, Beattie & Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale, and H&E staining. Results: The immobilized PRAS40 isolated indole, 4-nitrophenol, terephthalic acid, palmatine, sinapinaldehyde, and 3-chloroaniline as the potential ligands binding to PRAS40. Furthermore, the association constants of palmatine and indole as 2.84 × 106 M-1 and 3.82 × 105 M-1 were elucidated via ITC due to the drug-like properties of these two metabolites. Molecular docking results also further demonstrated the mechanism of palmatine binding to PRAS40. Western blot analysis of PC12 cells demonstrated that palmatine inhibited the expression of p-mTOR by binding to PRAS40, activating the autophagic flux by markedly increasing LC3. The injection of palmatine (10μM and 20 μM) indicated notably increased BBB scores in the SCI rat model. Additionally, a dose-dependent increase in LC3 was observed by IHC staining. Conclusion: This research proved that EXD comprises PRAS40 antagonists, and the identified metabolite, palmatine, could potentially treat SCI by activating the autophagic flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingchuan Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Eighth Hospital of Xi’an City, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Liao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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Coleman N, Moyers JT, Harbery A, Vivanco I, Yap TA. Clinical Development of AKT Inhibitors and Associated Predictive Biomarkers to Guide Patient Treatment in Cancer Medicine. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2021; 14:1517-1535. [PMID: 34858045 PMCID: PMC8630372 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s305068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase AKT is a critical effector of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling cascade and has a pivotal role in cell growth, proliferation, survival, and metabolism. AKT is one of the most commonly activated pathways in human cancer and dysregulation of AKT-dependent pathways is associated with the development and maintenance of a range of solid tumors. There are multiple small-molecule inhibitors targeting different components of the PI3K/AKT pathway currently at various stages of clinical development, in addition to new combination strategies aiming to boost the therapeutic efficacy of these drugs. Correlative and translational studies have been undertaken in the context of clinical trials investigating AKT inhibitors, however the identification of predictive biomarkers of response and resistance to AKT inhibition remains an unmet need. In this review, we discuss the biological function and activation of AKT, discuss its contribution to tumor development and progression, and review the efficacy and toxicity data from clinical trials, including both AKT inhibitor monotherapy and combination strategies with other agents. We also discuss the promise and challenges associated with the development of AKT inhibitors and associated predictive biomarkers of response and resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Coleman
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Justin T Moyers
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Alice Harbery
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Igor Vivanco
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Timothy A Yap
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Khalifa Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Lotfy DM, Safar MM, Hassan SHM, Kenawy SA. Modulation of PTZ-induced convulsions in rats using topiramate alone or combined with low dose gamma irradiation: involving AKT/ m-TOR pathway. Toxicol Mech Methods 2021; 32:18-26. [PMID: 34266355 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2021.1956032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The current study evaluates the anticonvulsant effect low dose whole body gamma irradiation (LDR) alone or combined with topiramate against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced convulsions. Male Wister rats received either saline or PTZ (75 mg/kg i.p.). The other three groups were pretreated with single low dose radiation (0.5 Gy), topiramate (50 mg/kg, p.o., seven days) and TPM with LDR respectively before PTZ injection. Racine' score, latency, and duration of the convulsions were assessed. Glutamate and GABA were measured. AKT/m-TOR signaling pathway including AKT (protein kinase B), mammalian target of rapamycin (m-TOR), protein S6, and caspase 3 were also assessed. Measurements of markers of oxidative stress including malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and nitric oxide (NO) were carried out. Histological examinations of hippocampi were done. PTZ produced behavioral changes (high Racine score, short latency, and long duration). It elevated MDA and NO contents, while reduced GSH content. TPM treatment alone or combined with LDR ameliorated the PTZ-induced convulsions and caused significant improvement in behavioral changes, brain mediators, m-TOR pathway, oxidative stress, and histological pictures in hippocampal regions. Histopathological examinations of the normal group showed normal structure with intact cells, while PTZ-treated rats exhibited necrosis, pyknosis, and atrophy of pyramidal cells. The histological findings corroborated with the amendment of biochemical parameters. The positive effects of LDR could offer a possible contributor in management of convulsions due to modulation of AkT/m-TOR signaling pathway, reduction of oxidative stress and modulation of brain amino acids. LDR improved the oxidative stress side effects of topiramate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina M Lotfy
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Safar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Seham H M Hassan
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sanaa A Kenawy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Wang JT, Yu ZY, Tao YH, Liu YC, Wang YM, Guo QL, Xue JZ, Wen XH, Zhang Q, Xu XD, He CF, Xue WJ, Guo JC, Zhou HG. A novel palmitic acid hydroxy stearic acid (5-PAHSA) plays a neuroprotective role by inhibiting phosphorylation of the m-TOR-ULK1 pathway and regulating autophagy. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 27:484-496. [PMID: 33459523 PMCID: PMC7941174 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can lead to brain dysfunction and a series of neurological complications. Previous research demonstrated that a novel palmitic acid (5‐PAHSA) exerts effect on glucose tolerance and chronic inflammation. Autophagy was important in diabetic‐related neurodegeneration. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether 5‐PAHSA has specific therapeutic effects on neurological dysfunction in diabetics, particularly with regard to autophagy. Methods 5‐PAHSA was successfully synthesized according to a previously described protocol. We then carried out a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments using PC12 cells under diabetic conditions, and DB/DB mice, respectively. PC12 cells were treated with 5‐PAHSA for 24 h, while mice were administered with 5‐PAHSA for 30 days. At the end of each experiment, we analyzed glucolipid metabolism, autophagy, apoptosis, oxidative stress, cognition, and a range of inflammatory factors. Results Although there was no significant improvement in glucose metabolism in mice administered with 5‐PAHSA, ox‐LDL decreased significantly following the administration of 5‐PAHSA in serum of DB/DB mice (p < 0.0001). We also found that the phosphorylation of m‐TOR and ULK‐1 was suppressed in both PC12 cells and DB/DB mice following the administration of 5‐PAHSA (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01), although increased levels of autophagy were only observed in vitro (p < 0.05). Following the administration of 5‐PAHSA, the concentration of ROS decreased in PC12 cells and the levels of CRP increased in high‐dose group of 5‐PAHSA (p < 0.01). There were no significant changes in terms of apoptosis, other inflammatory factors, or cognition in DB/DB mice following the administration of 5‐PAHSA. Conclusion We found that 5‐PAHSA can enhance autophagy in PC12 cells under diabetic conditions. Our data demonstrated that 5‐PAHSA inhibits phosphorylation of the m‐TOR‐ULK1 pathway and suppressed oxidative stress in PC12 cells, and exerted influence on lipid metabolism in DB/DB mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Tao Wang
- Department of Geriatric Neurology of Huashan Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong-Yu Yu
- Department of Geriatric Neurology of Huashan Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Hong Tao
- Department of Medical Examination Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Chao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan-Mei Wang
- Department of Geriatric Neurology of Huashan Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Lin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Xue
- Department of Neurology, Fifth Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Changshu Second People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Changshu, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Die Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-Feng He
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Jiao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Chun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hou-Guang Zhou
- Department of Geriatric Neurology of Huashan Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Udristioiu A, Nica-Badea D. Signification of protein p-53 isoforms and immune therapeutic success in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:50-3. [PMID: 29945117 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few years has used thetechnique for analyzing deletions of genes, its rearrangements, cross-reactivity or multiplications in human genome affected of genetic diseases. Was proved that, the best techniques in the investigation of malignant lymphocytes are the Flow Cytometry, Elisa, ICT and Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Last method, FISH is used as an alternative to chromosomal banding, a conventional application in molecular medicine and can detect the chromosomal rearrangements and complexes of different genes in malignant diseases, like chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), acute lymphocytic leukemia, (ALL), or multiple myeloma (MM). Identification of P53 gene deletions and mutations in regions of chromosome 17 in hematological malignancies is important because these mutations have an impact on the clinical management of patients.
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