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Huang HX, Zhao CC, Lei XX, Zhang XY, Li YY, Lan T, Zhao BP, Lu JY, Sun WC, Lu HJ, Jin NY. Swine acute diarrhoea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) Nsp5 antagonizes type I interferon signaling by cleaving DCP1A. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1196031. [PMID: 37283741 PMCID: PMC10239798 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1196031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Swine acute diarrhoea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), which is a recently discovered enteric coronavirus, is the major aetiological agent that causes severe clinical diarrhoea and intestinal pathological damage in pigs, and it has caused significant economic losses to the swine industry. Nonstructural protein 5, also called 3C-like protease, cleaves viral polypeptides and host immune-related molecules to facilitate viral replication and immune evasion. Here, we demonstrated that SADS-CoV nsp5 significantly inhibits the Sendai virus (SEV)-induced production of IFN-β and inflammatory cytokines. SADS-CoV nsp5 targets and cleaves mRNA-decapping enzyme 1a (DCP1A) via its protease activity to inhibit the IRF3 and NF-κB signaling pathways in order to decrease IFN-β and inflammatory cytokine production. We found that the histidine 41 and cystine 144 residues of SADS-CoV nsp5 are critical for its cleavage activity. Additionally, a form of DCP1A with a mutation in the glutamine 343 residue is resistant to nsp5-mediated cleavage and has a stronger ability to inhibit SADS-CoV infection than wild-type DCP1A. In conclusion, our findings reveal that SADS-CoV nsp5 is an important interferon antagonist and enhance the understanding of immune evasion by alpha coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-xin Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chen-chen Zhao
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao-xiao Lei
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xin-yu Zhang
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu-ying Li
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tian Lan
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bao-peng Zhao
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jing-yi Lu
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wen-chao Sun
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hui-jun Lu
- Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Ning-yi Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
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