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Yu G, Sun Y, Han H, Yan X, Wang Y, Ge X, Qiao B, Tan L. Coculture, An Efficient Biotechnology for Mining the Biosynthesis Potential of Macrofungi via Interspecies Interactions. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:663924. [PMID: 33815350 PMCID: PMC8010659 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.663924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrofungi, which are also known as mushrooms, can produce various bioactive constituents and have become promising resources as lead drugs and foods rich in nutritional value. However, the production of these bioactive constituents under standard laboratory conditions is inefficiency due to the silent expression of their relevant genes. Coculture, as an important activation strategy that simulates the natural living conditions of macrofungi, can activate silent genes or clusters through interspecific interactions. Coculturing not only can trigger the biosynthesis of diverse secondary metabolites and enzymes of macrofungi, but is also useful for uncovering the mechanisms of fungal interspecific interactions and novel gene functions. In this paper, coculturing among macrofungi or between macrofungi and other microorganisms, the triggering and upregulation of secondary metabolites and enzymes, the potential medicinal applications, and the fungal-fungal interaction mechanisms are reviewed. Finally, future challenges and perspectives in further advancing coculture systems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihong Yu
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, and Qingdao International Center on Microbes Utilizing Biogas, School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuman Sun
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, and Qingdao International Center on Microbes Utilizing Biogas, School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Heyang Han
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Xiu Yan
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, and Qingdao International Center on Microbes Utilizing Biogas, School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, and Qingdao International Center on Microbes Utilizing Biogas, School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Ge
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, and Qingdao International Center on Microbes Utilizing Biogas, School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bin Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingling Tan
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, and Qingdao International Center on Microbes Utilizing Biogas, School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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Kithiyon M, Pannerselvam B, Balasaubramaniyam Madhukumar SS, Sridharan J, Alagumuthu TS. Efficacy of mycosynthesised AgNPs from Earliella scabrosa as an in vitro antibacterial and wound healing agent. IET Nanobiotechnol 2019; 13:339-344. [PMID: 31053699 PMCID: PMC8676610 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2018.5237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with their unique chemical and physical properties are proving as a new therapeutical agent. In the present study, the AgNPs synthesised from an aqueous extract of a macrofungus, Earliella scabrosa, were characterised by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and further evaluate for its in vitro antibacterial and wound healing efficacy. The mycosynthesised AgNPs exhibited the surface plasmon resonance peak at 410 nm with good stability over a period of a month. The FESEM and EDX analyses revealed the spherical-shaped AgNPs of an average size of 20 nm and the presence of elemental Ag, respectively. The XRD pattern showed the crystalline nature of AgNPs. The FTIR spectra confirmed the conversion of Ag+ ions to AgNPs due to reduction by biomolecules of macrofungus extract. The mycosynthesised AgNPs showed effective antibacterial activity against two Gram-positive bacteria, namely Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, and two Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The pathogens were highly sensitive to AgNPs, whereas less sensitive to AgNO3. The mycosynthesised AgNPs showed significant wound healing potential with 68.58% of wound closure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Balashanmugam Pannerselvam
- Centre for Human & Organisational Resources Development (CHORD), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Central Leather Research Institute (CSIR-CLRI), Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | | | | | - Tamil Selvi Alagumuthu
- Centre for Human & Organisational Resources Development (CHORD), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Central Leather Research Institute (CSIR-CLRI), Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India
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